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申載億 울산대학교 1981 연구논문집 Vol.12 No.2
建築은 보통 空間的인 것으로 혹은 機能的인 것으로 定義되고 있는데 이것들만으로는 建築의 全體意味를 포괄할 수 없다. 本 論文은 建築의 意味를 近代主義者들이 輕視해 온 象徵藝術의 관점에서 그리고 建築史를 통해 찾아 보아 建築은 人間-環境의 全體를 構成하고 있는 物質的, 精神的 諸要素들과 그것들의 空間的 관계를 表現하는 象徵體系임을 밝혔다. 그러므로 建築에 있어서는 機能的인 面과 象徵的인 面이 調和를 이루어야 할 것이다. The definition of Architecture as spatial or functional thing is not enough to clarify the meanings in Architecture. In this paper, the meanings in Architecture are studied from the view-point of Art as Symbolization, which was slighted by Modernists, and through architectural history. Architecture is a symbol-system expressing the physical as well as spiritual factors and their spatial relations which constitute the totality; man-environment. So in Architecture, symbolic aspects must be harmonized with functional aspects.
중국(中國) 연변지구(延邊地區) 조선족(朝鮮族) 주거(住居)의 건축적(建築的) 특징(特徵) 용정시(龍井市) 지신향(智新鄕) 장재촌(長財村) 사례(事例)를 통해
신재억,Shin, Jai Eok 한국건축역사학회 1994 건축역사연구 Vol.3 No.1
This paper is one of the sequels from 'A Survey of Villages and Dwellings of Korean Immigrants in the North-Eastern Part of China'. It is the result of the extensive survey of Ch'ang-ts'ai-tsun village and covers several architectural characteristics of the dwellings. This paper alma to identify the 'double file' dwelling type, which is believed as one of the main stream of Korean folk dwelling. In this type, 'Chung-ju-kan' forms the central open space, where main household functions are carried out. This type originates from climatic reasons and functional reasons as well. This paper also aims to clarify how the dwelling forms are changed according to the life styles of various periods. The Korean immigrants in this village have experienced rapid changes in modern times like other Chinese. Through various political movements, the original dwelling type of this village has changed to adapt various needs and functions, which shows the simple truth : dwelling form changes according to the changes of life style and social structure. In this paper the directions of chimney through various periods are analyzed to verify the differences of the house layout methods and concepts of the time. The village had grown through 3 main periods before liberation period(1946), communization period(1946 - 1966) and contemporary period (1967 - ). It is concluded as follows: 1. The village was originated in late 19th century along the east-west street, which was a major routes of Korean Immigrants to China. In this area there was no regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney, which was usually westward, was not determined according to the location of gate. This type was kept until liberization of this area, 1946. The plans of dwellings followed Ham-kyong-do 'double file' dwelling type, '6-kan dwelling' or '8-kan dwelling'. 2. The 'New Village' area, which was formed in the communization period, has a strict regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney was determined as opposite direction of the gate. This method was maintained until 1976, when Mao died and new 'open' policy was held by Chinese government. In this area the 'dwelling house' plan type was not changed, but its layout and size were restricted. The general form of the dwelling in this village was shaped in this period. 3. The contemporary dwellings were built in random site location. The dwelling type was changed because of the reduction of family size and the permissin of private ownership. The number of rooms was reduced but the storage rooms and domestic animal hutches were added. But the 'Chung-ju-kan', the major chacteristics of north-eastern Korea dwelling is still kept. It becomes one large 'Chtin-ju-kan' room like 'open plan' type.
慶州지역의 亭子建築에 관한 硏究 : 그 建築的 類型에 관하여 on its architectural typology
申載億,金奉烈 울산대학교 1992 공학연구논문집 Vol.23 No.1
慶州地域에는 다른 地域에 비해 많은 亨子가 存在해 왔으나 이들에 대한 體系的 硏究는 물론 槪括的 硏究도 별로 수행되지 않았다. 본 論文에서는 學界별로 알려지지 않은 33개소의 亨子를 조사하고 이중 9개소에 대해서는 精密實測調査와 人文調査를 시행한 결과를 밝혀내었다. 또한 調査된 亨子建築의 類型學的 分類를 통해 이들의 典型을 밝혀내고 社會的, 機能的 變化에 따라 생긴 平面上의 變異를 살펴보았다. 이 地域 亨子建築의 典型은 失子의 武夷精舍를 모델로 한 玉山里 獨樂堂의 溪亨에서부터 비롯아며 이를 垈地의 條件이나 機能的인 차異에 따라 變化시킨 것으로 보인다. 애초의 몇 예에서 個인的 書室로 사용되던 亨子는 곧 先祖를 崇尙하기위한 齊室로 쓰이기 시작하였고, 이 지역의 儒學的 뿌리에 바탕을 둔 門中 亨子로 오늘날까지 이어져 내려오고 있다. There exist many traditional paavilions in Kyung Joo Province probably due to its inhabitants Confucian tendency, and still many pavilions are built even in these days. An outline survey covered 33 pavilions in the area and 9 of them were surveyed in extensive detail in this paper. The typological groupings of them were shown to explain the variations in plan according to socio-fuctional change. Pavilions typically followed the prototype of 'Kye-Jung', a 17 c. pavilion after Chu-tzu's theory, although they varied in plan according to their site or function. Pavilion appeared to have originated from a personal study but its function gradually cahnged into more a memorial or retualistic one pertaining to a family or a clan.