아카디아의 해골

신문수(Moonsu Shin) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2004 영미연구 Vol.11 No.-

  This paper explores the changing meanings and roles of death in post-Renaissance European culture by focusing on two of Nicolas Poussin"s celebrated paintings known as The Arcadian Shepherds or as “Et in Aracadia ego” and John Milton"s “Lycidas." Death in the Middle Ages, as the cultural historian Michel Foucault has powerfully shown, existed at the heart of people"s life; images of human skulls or skeletons profusely inscribed in the walls of churches or tombs functioned as memento mori, warning people of the mutability and transience of their life. With the advent of the Renaissance, a gradual shift in the cultural meaning of death came about. Death now no longer served to administer Christian moralism but rather occasioned a retrospective contemplation of life or even an affirmation of the continuity between the world of the living and that of the dead. In other words, death became personalized or internalized as part of one"s distinctive life. Poussin"s The Arcadian Shepherds, particularly the later one painted about 1638, which represents four Arcadians in a meditative mood, preeminently shows these shifts in the conception of death. The genre of pastoral elegy popular in the same period also shows a similar attitude toward death. For example, Milton"s "Lycidas," a funeral elegy for his friend Edward King, meditates on death in a mood of self-compassion and envisions his resurrection from the world of the dead. The vision of death demonstrated in Poussin and Milton prefigures the modern idea of authentic death deeply probed by such thinkers as Rainer Maria Rilke and Martin Heidegger.

자연의 의미망

신문수(Shin, Moonsu) 문학과환경학회 2020 문학과 환경 Vol.19 No.4

이 논문은 환경 위기 시대를 맞아 빈번히 언급되고 있는 자연이라는 말이 어떤 의미로 어떤 맥락에서 쓰이고 있는지를 검토하고자 한다. ‘자연’은 시대의 유행어가 되어 저마다 서로 다른 문맥에서 쓰이다 보니 그 의미하는 바가 복잡하고 혼란스럽기 짝이 없다. 자연을 전문적으로 논하는 생태 담론에서도 사정은 마찬가지여서 나의 자연만이 참된 자연이고 다른 사람이 말하는 자연은 가짜라는 식의 주장도 난무한다. 자연 개념의 다의성과 용례의 혼란은 일정 부분 역사적으로 서로 다르게 쓰인 의미들이 누적된 결과에 기인하는 것이기도 하다. 따라서 자연의 다원적 의미망을 살피고자 할 때 자연 개념과 자연에 대한 인간의 태도 변화에 대한 역사적 조망이 요청된다고 하겠다. 그러나 그것은 문헌학적 탐구를 포함하는 방대한 작업으로 이 글의 역량을 벗어난다. 우리는 범위를 좁혀 오늘의 생태주의 담론에서 자연의 의미가 어떻게 교차하는지, 그리고 이념적, 정치적 성향에 따라 자연에 대한 개념과 표현이 어떻게 전유되는지를 몇 가지 두드러진 주제적 관심 사항을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 아울러 인류세로 새롭게 지칭된 환경위기의 시대에 기후변화와 더불어 이전과 다른 숭엄한 양태로 귀환한 자연에 대해 주목하고 위기의 극복을 위해 그것이 교시하는 생태적 예지를 엠마누엘 레비나스의 철학을 통해 탐문해보았다. This paper aims to examine the multiple meanings of the word, ‘nature,’ which has recently become a buzzword frequently mentioned in a wide variety of contexts. The same is also seen in the discourses of ecology: nature is invoked and appropriated to legitimate the differing ideologies. The debates that have been generated around the idea of nature are so various and complex that one must carefully discern the specific meanings and contexts in which the word is put to use. This paper is first focused on the discussions about humanity versus nature to showcase how the concept of nature becomes destabilized and problematized. Most of the early ecological theories including deep ecology have criticized the traditional distinction between humanity and nature and argued that humanity has no right to domineer over, but forms a part of, the order of nature. In the same vein they tend to promote the idea of nature as a kind of pristine otherness to human culture and thus come to be mired into approving the humanity-nature dichotomy which they have rhetorically denied. The next discussion is concerned with the politics of the idea of nature in which it is deployed notably as the primitive, the bestial, the corporeal, and the feminine. These have informed the dimensions of being from which humanity has sought to discriminate itself since the age of the Enlightenment. How these characteristics projected onto nature have been appropriated in the identity politics historically and culturally is also traced. Finally the paper deals with the image of nature as a tormenting face from the perspective of the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and also briefly discusses the return of nature as a sublime Other in the age of climate change.

[열린광장] 피쿼드 호의 목수

신문수(Moonsu Shin) 한국영미문학교육학회 2004 영미문학교육 Vol.8 No.2

미국의 자연기 : 장르의 위상·특징·계보

신문수(Shin Moonsu) 문학과환경학회 2005 문학과 환경 Vol.4 No.-

This paper aims to define American nature writing, describe its conventions, explore its most common themes, and give a brief history of it. Nature writing in American literature has denoted a particular form of prose which combines objective descriptions of nature and personal meditations stimulated by it. This type of essay, typified by the work of Henry David Thoreau, is distinctively American, because it derives from the experience of early American settlers who found themselves between the needs to account for the features of their natural surroundings and the promptings to describe personal impressions of them. <br/> Characterized by the spatial movement of pastoralism from civilization to nature, the plot of nature writing involves the excursion to wilderness and then coming back and expressing that experience. Born out of reverence for the natural world, nature writing seeks to discover how nature affects personal life as well as to learn about and from nature. It is also concerned with man's proper place in nature, the interconnections of all life forms in it, the recognition of environmental problems and the promotion of ecological consciousness. American nature writing is also sensitive to the epistemological problems in seeing and expressing nature, simultaneously showing a desire for accurate description of nature and a strong doubt of gaining its whole picture. <br/> Nature writing emerged in response to the industrial revolution of the late 18th century. Incorporating into its ever expanding tradition such various kinds of writing as natural history, spiritual autobiography, and travel writing, nature writing has grown into an important cultural form of writing while serving as a clarion call to revive the damaged ecosystem. In accommodating the widespread concern about our global environment, nature writing now establishes itself as an original, significant, and popular American genre which produces a large number of distinctive and talented authors.

생태의식 함양을 위한 바람직한 문학 교수 모형 연구

신문수(Moonsu Shin) 한국영미문학교육학회 2004 영미문학교육 Vol.8 No.1

This study aims to propose a teaching model for literary ecology, which has recently been widely recognized as an important branch of literary studies in Korea as well as in the rest of the world, Literary ecology, roughly defined as "the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment," initially appeared as a response from the profession of literary studies in an age of environmental crisis, Because of its relative newness, although growing rapidly, literary ecology has yet to develop an appropriate educational program which has the content and methods of its own, Conducted in the spirit of commitment to environmental praxis, literary ecology primarily aims to change behavior culturally as well as personally rather than acquire knowledge about environmental issues, Embracing this generally accepted idea, this study proposes the four goals of literary ecology in the pedagogical context: (1) to understand the complexity of nature; (2) to understand the interaction and interconnection between man and nature; (3) to explore the language and the rhetoric in environmental discourse including the representation of the physical environment; and (4) to internalize the life-centered values, Each goal may have a more specific agenda for its achievement, which is also offered here for illustrative purposes. This study also makes some suggestions which a course on literary ecology should take into consideration in order to achieve its primary aim, the promotion of ecological literacy: (1) the course should be designed from a conscientiously interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary. or trans disciplinary perspective; (2) the course should be conducted with a strong ethical sense of mission and guided by a long-termed vision of the amelioration of environment; (3) the course should include a variety of outdoor experiences of observing, investigating, or exploring nature closely; and (4) the course should lead the students to pay attention to the bioregional issues surrounding their immediate environment.

눈멂과 망각 : Representing Race in "Benito Cereno" 「베니토 세레노」에 나타난 인종의 표현

신문수 한국외국어대학교 북미 연구소 1995 영미연구 Vol.1 No.-

자유의 한 형식 : Hawthorne의 로망스 Hawthorne's Romance

申文秀 한국영어영문학회 1983 영어 영문학 Vol.29 No.3

Ideologies of Living Words:An Understanding of Coleridge's Idea of Language

Shin,Moonsu 한국외국어대학교 외국어 종합연구센터 언어연구소 1992 언어와 언어학 Vol.18 No.-

Coleridge's concern with language was persistent, if not systematic and comprehensive, throughout his life. Although he didn't leave any complete work on language, his meditations on words scattered in his prose work, as recent commentary has begun to recognize, provided an important basis for his literary criticism and an indispensable ingredient of his metaphysics. Emerson R.Marks's remark is to the point:"the intellectual cosmos of [Coleridge's]brilliant essentially and pervasively lingistic.