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Martin Luther’s Hermeneutics of the Old Testament Prophecy: The Case of Isaiah 1
송인서 한국신학정보연구원 2017 Canon&Culture Vol.11 No.1
The article’s primary goal is to articulate Martin Luther’s interpretation of the Old Testament prophecy in the broad history of Christian exegesis. The study begins with introducing two major views of the proper meaning of Isaiah in the relationship between the two Testaments proposed by Brevard Childs and C. A. Evans on the one hand and John Sawyer and Ross Wagner on the other hand. Considering the opposite views of Isaiah suggested by contemporary scholars, the study aims to examine Luther’s thought of the proper way of interpreting the Old Testament prophecy. Firstly, the article discusses Luther’s hermeneutics of Scripture with the backdrop of the patristic and medieval division between the spiritual and the literal sense. In contrast to the positions of James S. Preus and Gerhard Ebeling, the study demonstrates that Luther’s rejection of the medieval Quadriga results from his view of the Pauline antithesis of the letter and the Spirit as distinguishing of law and gospel. The article moves to examine Luther’s perception of the Old Testament prophet and contends that Luther regards the prophet primarily as ‘preacher’ of law as well as gospel. Also, the study elaborates Luther’s articulation of the prophet’s method of ‘transition’ between the two literal senses and explains how it is related to his conception of the dialectical relationship between law and gospel and between the two kingdoms. Finally, the article examines Luther’s lectures on Isaiah 1 as a case study and demonstrates how Luther’s hermeneutical principle, his view of the prophet as preacher, and the method of transition were actually played out in his exegesis.