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Kyunghwa Hwang,송선숙,Ju-Hee Lee,Min-Chul Shin,Jong-Su Seo 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.1
A rapid, accurate, and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method for the quantitative determination of valproic acid (VPA) and its metabolite, 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene VPA), in monkey plasma was developed and validated. The sample extraction was performed using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge. The analytes were separated on a Kinetex C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 2.6 μm) analytical column under a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 8.0)/methanol (20/80, v/v) and isocratic flow at 0.15 mL/min. The tandem mass spectrometer was operated in negative electrospray ionization with selected ion monitoring conditions, 143.0, 141.0,and 121.0 for VPA, 4-ene VPA, and benzoic acid (internal standard), respectively. The linearity of calibration curve ranging from 0.1 to 20 μg/mL was at least 0.9996 (coefficient of correlation, r) for both analytes. Intra- and inter-day precisions for both analytes were lower than 15%, resulting from quality control (QC) samples at concentration of 0.2 (low QC), 1.6 (middle QC),and 16 (high QC) μg/mL except at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) (0.1 μg/mL) level, which was less than 20%. The intraand inter-day accuracies were within ±15%. The recoveries were 84.4–90.8% for VPA and 88.2–100.6% for 4-ene VPA. Both analytes were stable throughout short-term temperature, post preparation for 24 h, and three freeze/thaw cycles, validating that this method could be applied to toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic studies.
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복지관 후원자의 지역사회 협력 과정에 관한 근거이론 접근
이소영(Lee, So Young),송선숙(Song, Sun Sook),양혜정(Yang, Hye Jeong) 서강대학교 생명문화연구소 2021 생명연구 Vol.61 No.-
본 연구의 목적은 사회복지관 후원 사업에 참여하는 시민들의 기부 경험을 근거로 하여 지역사회 협력 과정에 관한 실질이론을 개발하는 데 있다. 본 연구의 연구 참여자는 복지관 후원자인 성인 남녀 12명이고, 자료수집은 심층 인터뷰 조사를 통해 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 NVivo 11버전을 사용하여 코딩된 후 Strauss와 Corbin의 근거이론 연구 방법을 활용하여 분석되었다. 분석 결과 126개의 개념, 34개의 하위범주, 19개의 범주가 나타났다. 축코딩에서 인과적 조건은 ‘지역에 대한 사회적 책임 , ‘후원기관에 대해 의심 으로 나타났고, 중심 현상은 ‘비호혜지향적 중도적 연대의 파트너 찾고 확인하기 로 나타났다. 맥락적 조건은 ‘이타적 행위의 당위성 , ‘과거 어려웠던 후원자의 경험 , ‘후원의 지속가능성 으로 나타났고, 작용/상호작용은 ‘적합한 후원대상자 고르기 , ‘금전적 후원과 자원봉사 병행하기 , ‘복지관에 대한 신뢰성 다지기 , ‘후원자 형편에 맞춰 후원방식 선택하기 로 나타났다. 중재적 조건은 ‘한국 사회 기부문화 , ‘후원에 대한 자녀 교육 , ‘교육 및 훈련 , ‘제도화된 봉사시스템 , ‘사회적 보상(세액공제) 으로 나타났고, 결과는 복지관에 대한 신뢰 증진 , ‘사회적 자본 확대 , ‘유대관계 강화 , ‘내적 성장 으로 나타났다. 선택 코딩에서는 핵심 범주로 ‘복지관과의 지속가능한 동반적 협력관계 맺기 로 상정하였다. 마지막으로 연구 결과를 바탕으로 복지관 후원사업의 확대 방안을 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop a substantive theory on the community cooperation process based on the donation experience of citizens engaged in sponsorship projects for social welfare centers. The study was participated by 12 adult sponsors of social welfare centers, and relevant data were collected through in-depth interviews. The collected data were coded by NVivo 11 and then analyzed by Strauss and Corbin s Grounded Theory research method. The analysis has identified 126 concepts, 34 subcategories, and 19 categories. In axial coding, the causal conditions were identified as ‘social responsibilities for the local area’ and ‘doubt about the sponsoring entities’. The central phenomenon was identified as ‘finding and confirming partners with orientation towards non-reciprocal moderate solidarity’. The contextual conditions were identified as ‘justification of altruistic behavior’, ‘the sponsors’ previous experiences of difficulties’, and ‘sustainability of sponsorship’. The actions/interactions were identified as ‘selection of appropriate centers for sponsorship’, ‘dualistic engagement in both financial support and volunteer work’, ‘enhancement of reliability on social welfare centers’, and ‘choice of appropriate sponsoring methods suited to the sponsors conditions’. The intervening conditions were identified as ‘the donation culture of the Korean society’, ‘educating children on sponsorship’, ‘education and training’, ‘institutionalized volunteer system’, and ‘social rewards (tax deduction)’. The consequences were ‘enhanced trust in social welfare centers’, ‘expanded social capital’, ‘reinforced bondage, and internal growth’. In selective coding, ‘developing sustainable partnership-based cooperative relation with social welfare centers’ was presented as the core category. Finally, the paper proposed expansion of sponsorship projects for social welfare centers based on the findings of this research.
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