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손동환,Shon Donghwan 국제문화기술진흥원 2024 문화기술의 융합 Vol.10 No.3
소설 '분노의 포도'는, 오클라호마에서 캘리포니아로 이주할 수밖에 없었던 톰 조드 가문의 이주 여정과 캘리포니아에서의 역경을 통해 대공황 시대 미국민들의 고통스러운 현실을 보여주고, 그들의 분노에 대한 공감과 형제애적 해결에 대한 희망을 제시한다. 이 글은 각 소설적 상황을 소재로 헌법, 노동법, 경쟁법적 관점에서의 제도적 해결책을 제시하고 있다. 헌법적 관점에서 오클라호마 소작농들의 빈곤이 선택의 결과가 아닌 자연환경과 자본집중화 탓에 비롯된 현실이므로 국가가 개입하여 최저생활을 보장해주는 것이 평등권 실현이라는 점을 제시하고, 노동법적 관점에서 근로자공급사업이 노동력의 중간착취에 해당하므로 위헌이고 조드 가족과 같은 이주민들에게 노동조합을 결성할 권리가 있으며, 경쟁법적 관점에서 대지주들의 과일가격 설정이 약탈적 가격설정에 해당하고, 농장주들이 유사하게 낮은 임금을 지불하려고 하는 것이 담합에 해당한다는 점을 보였다. 이를 통해 법제도가 현재 있을 법한 대중의 분노를 해결해야 하는 수단임을 인식시키고, 소설 속 이야기가 소수자에 대한 공감과 이해를 가져올 수 있는 소재임을 보여주려 하였다. 소설 읽기가 실질적 차원의 법 해석과 정의로운 사회의 지표로서 타인에 대한 공감을 이끌어내는 방법이 되기를 희망한다. The novel "The Grapes of Wrath" shows the painful reality of Americans during the Great Depression through the migration journey of the Tom Jod's family, who had no choice but to move from Oklahoma to California and their hardships in California. This presents empathy for their wrath and offers hope for a brotherly solution. This article presents institutional solutions against each novel situation from the perspective of the Constitution, labor law, and competition law. From a constitutional perspective, the poverty of Oklahoma's smallholders is not a result of choice, but is caused by the natural environment and capital concentration, so it is suggested that the government have to intervene to guarantee a minimum standard of living to realize equal rights. From a labor law perspective, worker supply projects are unconstitutional because they constitute intermediate exploitation of labor, and immigrants like the Joad family have the right to form labor unions. From a competition law perspective, it was shown that the large landowners' setting of fruit prices constitutes predatory pricing, and the farmers' attempts to pay similarly low wages constitute collusion. Through this, the attempt was made to recognize that the law is a means to resolve the public wrath that may currently exist, and to show that the story in the novel can bring empathy and understanding to minorities. It is hoped that reading novels can be a way to help interpret the law and sympathize with others as an indicator of a just society.
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찰스 디킨스의 소설 ‘두 도시 이야기’에서 재판, 자유, 정의
손동환 한국문화융합학회 2022 문화와 융합 Vol.44 No.1
A tale of two cities by Charles Dickens is historical and romance novel. The story of doctor Mannette and madam Defarge who experienced the pains of humanity destruction under ancien-regime askes us whether the Revolution is capable of recover their humanity and when the people who become the super majority through the Revolution can rule the society according to their value standards, whether the trial is able to be called righteousness from the grounds of the standard. The trials in this novel from the point of jurisprudence let us meditate the meaning of rule of law and minority protection in the majority standard of value ruling society. The limit of utilitarianism reveals itself on the grounds of freedom protection in the french trials against Charles Darney but the atonement of Sideny Carton which can be read as the soultion by Dickens also reveals the same utilitarian limit because he sacrificed himself on behalf of the more valuable thing. The human dignity should be the grounds for the freedom and the compassion in the logic of poetic justice suggests the possibility of justice realization. Considering the story in novels from the point of jurisprudence and justice theory can make us find out the common features between law and literature and gives us the chance of enhancing the compassion and imagination through empathy.
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Effect of Ruthenium Complexes Interlayer in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
손동환,진호철,정미진,이준호,( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
Ruthenium complexes are fabricated as interlayer in a bulk heterojunction solar cells. The interlayers in inverted solar cells are consist of different ligands, 2,2’-bipirydine-4-carboxylic acid (RubiPy) and thiocyanate (N719). Changing the ligand from RubiPy to N719 show slightly difference in the performance of the devices. Ruthenium complexes attribute to the decreasing of the surface defect on ZnO layer, also reduce electron injection barrier between photoactive layer and ZnO layer, which is affect to enhance the charge generation, transportation and collection. According to our study inserting the ruthenium complexes as the interlayer increase the devices (PC71BM/ PTB7) performance of Ru-bipy (8.05%) which has slightly lower than N719 (8.08%).
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손동환,진호철,정미진,이준호,( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
Indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene(IDTT) and chromone derivatives, SMD1(without fluorine) and SMD2(with fluorine), based on conjugated small-molecule-donor materials were designed for organic solar cells. In this research, we synthesized materials which consist of the chromone derivatives as an electron-accepting group combined with IDTT, which has the effective form of push-pull structure in order to enhace the intramolecular charge transfer and the optical absorption of materials. The device performance of the materials end-capped with chromone derivatives containing fluorine shows higher efficiency than the one without fluorine. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of the SMD1 and SMD2 were -5.33/-3.56 and -5.39/-3.50 eV. The power conversion efficiencies of SMD1/PC<sub>71</sub>BM and SMD<sub>2</sub>/ PC<sub>71</sub>BM in inverted organic solar cells were 1.03% and 2.23%, respectively.
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