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백병천,김광복 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-
SRB(Sulfate Reducing Bacteria) converts into sulfide using an organic carbon source as the electron donor. The sulfide formed precipitates the various matals present in AMD(Acid Mine Drainage). In this study, the effects of temperature on sulfate reduction and heavy metals removal from AMD were investigated in batch and continuous flow reactors operating at the range from 15˚C to 40˚C. Reduced sulfate/removed COD(mg/mg) ratio maximized at temperature of 30˚C in the batch reactor operating at COD(glucose)/sulfate ratio of 0.5 and then removal efficiencies of heavy metals were 97.5% of Cu, 99.99% of Pb, 99.99% of Cr, 49% of Mn, 98% of Zn, 99.99% Cd and 92.4% of Fe. Two anaerobic floating media reactors were continuously operated at hydraulic retention time of 3days, COD/sulfate ratio from 0.3 to 0.8, temperature from 30˚C to 35˚C, and alkalinity of 1000mg/ℓ (as CaCO_(3)). At CCD/sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)) ratio of 0.5 and temperature of 35˚C, the ratio of reduced sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-))/removed COD(mg/mg) kept about 1 and the reactor achieved 99.99% of Cr, Pb and Fe, 98% of Cd, and 90% of Mn removal efficiencies, respectively. Decreasing temperature to 30˚C increased the ratio of reduced sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-))/removed COD(mg/mg) to 1.31. Amount of sulfate reduction maximized at the temperature of 30˚C and the COD/sulfate ratio of 0.4 in the influent and then removal effciencies of heavy metals were 100% of Fe, 100% of Pb, 99.99% of Cr. 97.3% of Mn, 99.9% of Zn,99.9% of Cd and 99.9% Cu.
실폐광폐수의 중금속 제거를 위한 AFMR 공정 운전 연구
백병천,김광복 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2000 環境硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-
This research is to establish operation technology of AFMR(Anaerobic Floating Media Reactor) Process for heavy metals removal from raw acid mine drainage. Two AFMR were operated at hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 3days, COD/sulfate ratio of 0.5, temperature of 30℃, and alkalinity from 600㎎/ℓ to 1,000㎎/ℓ (as CaCO_(3)). AT COD/sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)) ratio of 0.5 and temperature of 30℃, the maximum ratio of reduced sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-))/removed COD(㎎/㎎) kept about 1.34 and the reactor achieved 99.9% of Cr, Cu and Fe, 99.4% of Pb, 99% of Zn, 98% of Cd, and 92.5% of Mn removal efficiencies, respectively. Increment of alkalinity in influent can lead to reduce level of heavy metals in effluent . In order to achieve the efficient removal of heavy metal from raw acid mine drainage, alkalinity of range from 800㎎/ℓ to 1,000㎎/ℓ (as CaCO_(3)) has to be supplied to the influent feed, Sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) of rods and bacillus types were also observed on surface floating media used in this study.
생물여과반응기에서 폐가스의 VOC 제거에 대한 전자수용체의 영향
백병천,Xueqing Zhu 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-
Biofiltration is fast becoming the technology of choice for the control of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in air streams due to its cost-effectiveness. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of electron acceptors on the performance of biofiltration process treating diethyl ether as a VOC substrate in waste gases. Two trickle bed biofilters with pelletized synthetic media were operated co-currently at a empty bed hydraulic retention time of 25 seconds, inlet gas flow rate of 8.64㎥/day, Nutrient liquid flowrate of 1L/day, and COD loading rate from 1.8 to 7.1㎏ COD/㎥.day. Nitrate and oxygen were used as the electron acceptor for the VOC (ether) biodegradation. By increasing the concentration of oxygen in the feed to this biofilter from 21% (ambient air) to 50% and 100% while maintaining an influent VOC (ether) concentration of 133 ppm_(v) and a feed nitrate concentration of 67㎎/ℓ, the performance of the biofilter was not significantly affected. However, the VOC (ether) removal efficiencies improved with increasing influent nitrate concentration. which suggest that nitrate is a good electron acceptor more than oxygen. It was also found that nitrate was rate limiting as a growth nutrient rather than as an electron acceptor, and that resistance to the transport of nitrate into the biofilm led to nutrient limitations in the deeper layers of the biofilm.
Pattern Analysis of Effluent Quality in a Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Using a SOFM technique
백병천,김철규,임경호 한국도시환경학회 2010 한국도시환경학회지 Vol.10 No.2
In this paper, the Self-Organizing Feature Maps (SOFM) neural network is applied to analyse the multi dimensional process data, and to diagnose the inter-relationship of the process variables in a real municipal sewage treatment plant. The data set had been collected from a sewer system in the Gwangyang city, Korea. The data had been measured in the period of 1st January, 2004 and 31th December, 2006. The data set contains daily averaged values for each of the twenty three variables. Through the component planes visualization, it is evident that the effluent is related to rainfall, flow rate,temperature, MLSS, SRT, RAS and DO. Especially, rainfall, flow rate and temperature are the most important driving force to increase in effluent levels in the Gwangyang municipal sewage treatment plant. It is concluded that the SOFM technique provides an effective analyzing and diagnosing tool to understand the system behavior and to extract knowledge contained in multi-dimensional data of a large-scale sewage treatment plant.