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국내 다소비 농산물의 알루미늄 농도 모니터링 및 농산물 섭취로 인한 위해도 평가
안재민 ( Jae Min An ),홍경숙 ( Kyong Suk Hong ),김성연 ( Sung Youn Kim ),김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim ),유경은 ( Kyong Eun Yu ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),박형달 ( Hyoung Dal Park ),이재훤 ( Jae Hwon Lee ),김동호 ( Dong Ho Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회지 Vol.34 No.4
BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to collect occurrence data on aluminum in 12 type agricultural products and assess dietary exposure risk to the Korean population health for aluminum concentration in agricultural products.METHODS AND RESULTS: Aluminum analysis samples were performed using microwave device and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The LOD(Limit of Detection) for aluminum was 0.851 ug/kg,while the LOQ(Limit of Quantitation) was 2.838 ug/kg and recovery was 97.6% for aluminum. The average levels of aluminum in mg/kg were 0.526 for rice, 0.546 for Korean cabbage, 1.316 for corn, 6.207 for soybean, 0.549 for sweet potato, 0.257 for potato, 6.963 for spinach, 1.213 for carrot,0.524 for garlic, 0.950 for radish, 1.015 for leek, and 3.511 for Welsh onion. The dietary exposures of aluminum through usual intake were polished rice 89.31 ug/day,Korean cabbage 33.14 ug/day, corn 0.66 ug/day, soybean 3.72 ug/day, sweet potato 6.86 ug/day, potato 4.96 ug/day,spinach 45.96 ug/day, carrot 6.79 ug/day, garlic 2.36 ug/day, radish 7.32 ug/day, leek 2.23 ug/day and Welsh onion 43.89 ug/day, taking 0.57%, 0.21%, 0.00%, 0.02%,0.04%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.01% and 0.28% of PTWI(2 mg/kg b.w./week), respectively.CONCLUSION: The levels of overall dietary exposure to aluminum for Korean population through intake of agricultural product was far below the recommended JECFA level, indicating of least possibility of risk.
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박형달 全南大學校企業經營硏究所 1992 産業經濟硏究 Vol.15 No.1
The process of capitalist production implies not only the production of surplus-value but also its realization. While the cause of crisis is contained in the Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall duing to the rise of organic composition of capital, its reveal from is appeared as the disturbance of realization. The capitalist production, for the prior development of production goods becomes the overproduction of consumption goods, takes overall overproduction in its internal law. If the problem of overproduction is soluted against one of production goods or consumption goods, a bottle-neck of realization is not occurred and the growth can be continued in the process of capitalist production. Because the disturbance of the realization of surplus-value cannot be soluted in the capitalism in itself, the advanced countries have put forth strength on the ensure of foreign market for exploitation of excess surplus-value as attendance in the making of the national average profit rate. We can see that the ensure of foreign market for value realization is appeared as governing formation of underdevelopment countries by an advanced countries and this role of the market also has been changed according to the tempo of the development of underdevelopment countries. Then the advanced countries mostly imported raw materials and exported consumption goods before the 1930s, but import consumption goods and export production goods to the underdevelopment countries at the present day. The crisis formation and growth model of the capitalist countries, according as the regime of accumulation corresponds to or not to the mode of regulation, is only the expansion of internal contradict of capital and the solution of the disturbance of realization. Thus, for underconsumption of consumptive goods or overproduction of productive goods, we necessarily need the external elements of a state intervention and a foreign market to overcoming the crisis and the depression.
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박형달 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 1993 지역개발연구 Vol.25 No.1
The method in which we estimate the rate of profit is separated into the estimation of price unit and that of value unit. The value unit here setforth means that the statistical data of price unit is transformed into that of the labour time unit. We estimate the rate of profit by the statistical data of value unit in this thesis, because value unit can reflect the productivity of labour more correctly than price unit. The estimating method by value unit is also divided into the method of 'input-output table' and that of 'the monetary express of the value'. We estimate the profit rate of total industry and manufacture department in the Korean Economy from 1970 to 1988 by value computation based on these two estimating method. Through the results of these estimates, we can see that these rates of profit shows similier trends to each other. We can survey that the rate of profit fluctuates approximately at the peak of the years 1972,3 and the trough of 1975, the peak of 1978 and the trough of 1980, and the peak of 1986. Although the rate of profit of manufacture is higher than that of total industry, it seems that this cyclical aspect is represented nearly the same in the manufacture too. Through the results of these two estimates, the average fluctuation volume of the rate of profit for the entire period fell within narrow limits, but it rose slightly for the 1980s alone. It means that we will convince of the law of the rate of profit to fall for the estimating periods. Such a result could be got through the rise of labour productivity. First, the improvement of labour productivity generated the rise of surplus-value rate through the increase of relative surplus-value. Secondly, the improvement of labour productivity deterred the rise of the value composition of capital because it exceeded the technical composition of capital. Therefore the rate of profit has been cyclically fluctuated by the rise and/or fall of the rate of surplus-value and the value composition of capital.
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