영화자막에서 시각기호에 의한 축소번역

박윤철(Park Yoon-Cheol) 한국번역학회 2007 번역학연구 Vol.8 No.1

영상자막에 나타난 화행 연구

박윤철(Park, Yoon-Cheol) 國際言語文學會 2009 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.19

영한 자막번역 사례 연구: 액션영화 중심으로

박윤철 ( Park Yoon-cheol ) 대한영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.37 No.4

This study focuses on analyzing an action film subtitles which haven’t yet tried to categorize the translation strategies and shifts. The materials used in this study were the two English-Korean action film subtitles, Die Hard 4.0(2007) and The World is Not Enough(1999). As a result of their analyses, we can find that action film subtitles can be classified as four categories: simplication, explicitation, domestication, and literal translation. These categories render messages to Target Text(TT) with the forms of condensation, deletion, and substitution. At first, simplication refers to shortening the length of TT through core meanings of source text. Explicitation can be said as replacement with clear meaning expressions. Domestication shows that there is a big difference in texts due to different cultures. Lastly, literal translation is found under surroundings of normal dialogues. These findings above suggest that action films can be characterized as four categories different from other film genres because of fast movements and short dialogues. (Hongik University)

영화 자막에서의 축역 형태

박윤철(Park Yoon cheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2007 통번역교육연구 Vol.5 No.2

This study is to look into the reduced forms occurring in film subtitling. Reduced forms in subtitling show that words, phrases, and expressions in source text are left out or condensed, and result in shortening the length of the target text. This phenomenon, that is, led to reduced forms in subtitling translation. This study was observed through the subtitling of films, Pride & Prejudice(2005) and Lake House(2006) in order to explore reduced forms in subtitling. As a result of it, ellipsis in subtitling revealed that it removed the unimportant elements, or deleted redundancy elements in utterance context. And in case of condensation, it can observe diminishing two sentences by interpretative, functional resemblance. Also condensation, by subtitling temporal and spatial restriction, can observe reconstructing linguistic structures of target text properly. Accordingly, the reduced forms in film subtitling mainly happened by ellipsis or condensation, and resulted in the shortening of the length of the target text. And though this reduced translation occurred, the meanings between source and target texts were not influenced by ellipsis and condensation, and constituted equivalence translation in subtitling.

코미디 영화 자막번역 고찰 ―유머(humor)요소를 중심으로―

박윤철 ( Park Yoon-cheol ) 대한영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.36 No.4

This study focuses on analyzing the humorous elements in subtitling translation through the target texts of two English-Korean comedy films, Big Momma’s House 2(2006) and Fun with Dick & Jane(2005). Humors can be categorized into three elements such as language, culture, and visual contents in terms of subtitling translation of two comedy films. The element of language refers to pun, wordplay, some gags, and so on. Cultural element is necessary for translators to reconstruct the target text by substitutions, adaptation, or transposition. Lastly, visual content elements like gestures, fighting, facial expressions, and characters' behaviors send humorous messages directly to audiences. In subtitling translation which causes temporal and spatial constraints, we can confirm that humorous elements happened at language, culture, and visual content categories. But this study defines its position that through many materials of comedy films, we need to observe them for universal phenomena. (Hongik University).

불경(佛經)번역 방법에 관한 제언

박윤철(Park Yoon-cheol) 한국번역학회 2009 번역학연구 Vol.10 No.3

영화의 영한 자막번역에 나타난 생략과 삭제의 구분에 관한 연구

박윤철(Yoon-Cheol Park) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.8

본 연구는 영화의 영한 자막번역에 나타난 생략과 삭제의 경계를 구분하고 그 속성을 밝히는데 목적을 두고 있다. 기존 연구들은 자막에 소실된 메시지들이 생략과 삭제 작용에 의해 발생한다고 분석하였다. 실질적으로 자막에는 자막 길이와 장면 시간 제약으로 인해 출발 텍스트의 일부 메시지들이 소실된 형태로 나타난다. 일반 문헌 번역과 달리 자막에서 소실된 표현들은 여러 원인에 의해 발생하지만 본 연구는 담화 표지어와 자막 길이, 주변 의미, 중복어구, 상위어에 한정하여 살펴보았다. 소실된 표현들은 출발어로부터 도착어로 메시지를 전환하는 과정에 발생하였고 이러한 과정을 거치면서 최종적으로 자막에 생략된 형태로 나타났다. 이것은 기존 연구에서 밝히고 있는 생략과 삭제가 도착텍스트에서 발생하는 것이 아니라 궁극적으로 출발 텍스트로부터 소실된 요소가 자막에 생략된 형태로 나타나기 때문에 결국 삭제가 발생하지 않음을 보여준다. 그러므로 본 연구는 자막 번역에 소실된 형태는 삭제가 아닌 생략이라는 점을 제안하는데 의의를 두고 있다. This research focuses on looking at the differences of ellipsis and deletion in the text of English-Korean subtitling translation. The previous studies have insisted that some lost messages in the target text were caused by the ellipsis and the deletion. For investigating these phenomena, this research used English-Korean subtitling translation of films About Time(2013) and Begin Again(2013). As a result of it, the ellipsis was found at discourse markers, repetitive expressions, hypernyms, and words with peripheral meanings. Unlike literature translations, the deletion in the subtitling translation occurs in the process of shifting messages, and then the elliptical expressions finally appear in the target text. So, the ellipsis and the deletion in subtitling translation do not simultaneously happen in the target text, but ultimately, the lost elements in the target text are made by the ellipsis. Therefore, this research explicitly distinguishes between the ellipsis and the deletion in the subtitling translation and suggests that the lost expressions are caused by the ellipsis, not by the deletion.

Cintas & Remael(2007)의 자막 번역 전략에 관한 연구

박윤철(Park, Yoon-Cheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2020 통번역교육연구 Vol.18 No.4

Unlike other translations, subtitles are made through multiple channels such as images, actors speeches, and background musics. Messages appearing in subtitles are likely to consist of essential information due to the operations of these channels. The purpose of this study is to examine nine subtitle translation strategies proposed by Cintas & Remael(2007) and offer an appropriate alternative. Their subtitle translation strategies included stylistic translation techniques, shift techniques, and translation techniques, such as explicitation, word reproduction, and compensation. And the boundary between the translation strategy and these techniques was ambiguous, and above all, their translation strategies looked like an elephant in the room. In addition, they were difficult to see as a consistent translation strategy that could be applied across subtitle translations. In fact, the subtitle translation prefers condensed or clear expressions due to physical constraints. This requires a reduced translation in which expressions with condensed meaning are registered in the subtitles. Accordingly, this study suggests that the subtitle translation strategy should be the reduced translation, which is applicable at the full subtitle text.

『승만경(勝鬘經)』의 한한(漢韓) 번역에 나타난 관련성 연구

박윤철(Park, Yoon-Cheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2021 통번역교육연구 Vol.19 No.1

Among the ancient Buddhist scriptures, Srimala Sutra has been down from China to South Korea as a scripture related to women. It deals with the contents that women can become Buddha, but it is necessary to check if the contextual effects of these contents are well reflected in Chinese-Korean translation. The purpose of this research is to look at the relevance in the Chinese-Korean translation of Srimala Sutra. A literature review and a descriptive approach were applied to analyze the relevance in the translation. The findings indicated that the relevance occurred in the categories of addition of contextual implications, strengthening of the old assumption, and elimination of the false contextual assumption. In particular, the addition of contextual implications made the context effects such as explanation addition due to terminologies, and the strengthening of the old assumption was revealed as explicit expressions, based on the context of the previous utterances. Finally, in the elimination of the false contextual assumption, the meanings in the source text were applied to the target text in the logic-illogical development through literal translation. It indicates that the relevance in the Chinese-Korean translation of Srimala Sutra produces an optimal contextual effects by interpretive resemblance. Accordingly, this research suggests that relevance can be helpful of checking the translation.

상황요소를 고려한 자막번역

박윤철(Park Yoon cheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2009 통번역교육연구 Vol.7 No.1

We are now enjoying watching a variety of audio-visual products like DVDs and videos in our homes. They mainly transfer messages through actors utterances, subtitling, and sound unlike general literatures which are provided with written forms. This paper is intended to analyze transferred messages of target text in situational factors: structural, visual, and contextural situations. As the research material of this paper, the English-Korean film, Dangerous Liaison(1998), is chosen and is expected to use liberal languages as a melodrama genre. This paper suggested situational factors in three aspects. First, a contextural factor can refer to word or expression selections different from words of the source text. Second, it can be said as a structural factor like message transfer by spatial and temporal restrictions on the screen. A third refers to translation matched with visual code contents on the screen. These factors happen within the text, not outer factors such as the receiver, sender, guest, and producer. As a result of an analysis on English-Korean film subtitling translation, Dangerous Liaison(1998), there happened similar phenomena as we expected. We could find that three factors worked as a basic transfer way in film translation.