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장영달,주원석,용홍봉,박용국,장성권,정정수,김유용,Jang, Young-Dal,Ju, Won-Seok,Long, Hong-Feng,Piao, Long-Guo,Jang, Sung-Kwon,Chung, Chung-Soo,Kim, Yoo-Yong 한국축산환경학회 2009 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.15 No.2
일반적으로 올인-올아웃 시스템은 농장에서 양돈 생산성을 개선할 수 있는 최선의 사양관리방법으로 알려져 있으며, 그룹관리 방식은 질병의 전파를 차단하고, 질병 순환 고리를 제거할 수 있는 올인-올아웃 시스템을 자연스럽게 적용할 수 있는 사양 관리 방법 중 하나이다. 그룹관리는 양돈장의 모든 총두수, 돈사 시설 등을 고려하였을 때, 그룹의 크기와 관리 주간의 차이에 따라 다양한 방식이 존재한다. 모돈의 주간관리와 그룹관리 방법은 농장의 상황에 따라 다양한 장단점이 존재하며, 시설과 모돈 수 등을 고려하여 가장 적합한 관리 방법을 농장에 적용하여야 할 것이다. 모돈의 그룹관리는 형태에 따라 2, 3, 5, 7 주간 그룹관리 등으로 나눌 수 있지만, 이중에서도 3주간 그룹관리는 주간관리, 2, 5, 7 주간 관리에 비해 돈군의 흐름과 모돈의 번식 생리를 적절히 활용하고, 관리자의 작업효율을 높일 수 있는 관리 방법이라고 할 수 있겠다. 임신이 되지 않은 모돈은 3주 간격의 발정주기를 갖게 되므로, 이 같은 모돈의 생리를 효과적으로 이용하는 방법이 모돈들을 3주간 그룹관리체계로 관리하는 것이다. 3주간 그룹관리는 모돈의 번식능력 향상은 물론, 전체 양돈장에 올인-올아웃에 의한 사양 관리가 이루어질 수 있도록 하여 PMWS, PRRS, PRDC, PED 등 국내에 만연하고 있는 질병을 예방하고, 유럽의 양돈선진국들에 비해 현저히 낮은 국내의 양돈 생산성을 개선시킬 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있다고 하겠다. Conventionally, many pig producers have utilized a continual sow managements system that the matings, farrowings and weanings are done weekly basis. But this transitional method is not able to cut the cycle of diseases and fully apply all-in/all-out system because of the continuous flow of sows and pigs. Conventional weekly management system is currently limiting in small farm to work efficiently both for workers and pigs. Therefore, pig producers have found novel management methods for applying all-in/all-out system, improving pig health, leading to better growth, lowering mortality and reducing medication costs nowadays. Moreover, all-in/all-out pig management system has known as a strategy for improving productivity in swine farm. The batch system is one of the best management methods to adopt all-in/all-out pig management system that prevent spreading diseases in pig and remove cycle of diseases. Batch farrowing system is a concept for providing a group of sows that delivery within a specific farrowing interval and inducing a large enough scale of piglets to fill the weaner facilities. There are different types of batch farrowing system with batch size and interval of farrowing when several factors at the swine farm are considered such as total number of sows, available facilities in the farm, and the efficiency of workforce. Sow managements such as farrowing, weaning and breeding, every 3 weeks rather than weekly, 2 or 5-week interval have advantages for workers and reproductive cycle of sows as well as pig flow. Because there are several pros and cons both in weekly and batch management system, various factors should be considered to apply the most suitable management system in each individual farm. To improve poor swine productivity in Korea compared to ED, batch system for sows will be an alternative choice which is able to prevent high incidence of diseases in swine farm such as PMWS, PRRS, PRDC and PED because all-in/all-out pig management can be also applied automatically by using this management system.
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중국의 대북한 동맹안보딜레마 관리대미인식과 북한지정학의 재구성을 중심으로
이희옥(Hee Ok Lee),박용국(Long Guo Piao) 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2013 중소연구 Vol.37 No.3
The purpose of this paper is to examine the revision of China's policy towards North Korea after North Korea`s second nuclear test from the perspective of the changing China-US relations. For this purpose, great power`s management of alliance dilemma with small power model is employed. Specifically, this paper analyses why China, after understanding the risk of entrapment, adjusted its policy towards North Korea at the time when North Korea conducted its first nuclear test, whereas it changed that policy at the North Korea`s second nuclear test. The reason for this is that the change happened in a situation where the nature of North Korea`s both nuclear tests was not significantly different, and also China-North Korea relations and China-US relations did not affected the conditions. From this prospective, this paper pays more attention to the perception and policy of China-US relations and the accompanying geopolitical value of North Korea. The 2008 financial crisis which was originated from the US was the crucial movement for this. After this crisis, China has changed not only its perspective about US`s global strategy, but also the fundamental perception about the US. Unlike the previous strategy in which China played a passive accommodation policy towards the US, it has now adopted an active perspective to cooperate with the US even in situation where conflicts prevail between the two. In this process, the risk of entrapment about the North Korea reduces, and a new relationship between North Korea and China which considers the geopolitical value of North Korea and China`s new strategy towards the US are emerging. Moreover, because China has learned ``the Dilemma of Influence`` from its experience in dealing with North Korea`s first nuclear test, it intends to deal North Korea through new engagement policy. At the same time, North Korea also intends to recognize that China`s balancing strategy towards the US can reduce its security burden, and that to match the strategic balancing in foreign relation with tethering China. In this way, international order of Northeast Asia are not situational;rather it is driven by the changing China-US relations. Therefore there is a high probability that the current North Korea-China relations will also continue. We can understand China's new series of offensive dialogue by considering this structural change.
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