경작에 의한 간척지 토양의 이화학적 성질의 변화

문형태,조삼래,김광훈 ( Hyeong Tae Mun,Sam Rae Cho,Kwang Hoon Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1996 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Physico-chemical properties of soil in reclaimed paddy rice field which passed about 10 years after reclamation were compared with those in mud flat, in Seosan, Chung-nam Province. Silt content of mud flat soil was higher than that of reclaimed paddy rice field. Contents of clay and coarse sand in reclaimed paddy rice field soil were higher than those in mud flat soil. Soil organic matter in reclaimed paddy rice field increased twofold compared with that of mud flat soil. This must be due to the addition of residuals of crop plants. Soil pH decreased through cultivation. This must be due to the leaching of cations, especially of sodium, in reclaimed paddy rice field. Soil nitrogen in reclaimed paddy rice field was higher than that in mud flat. However, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, magnesium and total sulfur in reclaimed paddy rice field were significantly lower than those in mudflat.

물오리나무와 상수리나무 숲의 질소 , 인 및 가리의 (加里) 분배와 순환

문형태(Hyeong Tae Mun),김준민(Choon Min Kim),김준호(Joon Ho Kim) 한국식물학회 1977 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.20 No.3

Seasonal distribution of N, P and K, contents and their cycling were studied in Korean oak (Quercus acutissima): and Korean alder (Alnus sibirica) stands in central part of Korean peninsula. The amounts of three minerals were high in young leaves but gradually decreased with the process of leaf development in both stands. The amounts of minerals in the branches, trunks and roots were decreased in summer, however, they increased again in autumn. Seasonal changes of these minerals were not significant in the two stands. The amounts of phosphorus and potassium in plant and soil were higher in the oak stand than the alder one, but those of nitrogen were reversed. The amounts of minerals absorbed during one year were greater in the oak stand than tin the alder one, but those retuened into soil through mineralization of litter were less in the former than in the latter. The nutrient requirements of the oak stand were greater than the alders, but the cycling rate, the ratio of the amount of minerals absorbed to returned, was opposite.

대형수생식물의 물질생산과 질소와 인의 흡수량

문형태(Hyeong Tae Mun),남궁정(Namgung Jeong),김정희(Jeong Hee Kim) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.1

In order to obtain necessary data for the use of hydrophytes to improve water quality of artificial lakes, production and nutrients absorption by some macrohyrophytes were investigated in a small water course at Woongcheon, Chungnam Province. The maximum above-ground standing biomass of Phragmites communis, Typha angustifolia and Zizania latifolia stand were 3,504g/㎡, 2,834g/㎡ and 3,125g/㎡, respectively. Estimated below-ground standing biomass of each stand were 9,671g/㎡, 5,158g/㎡ and 5,813g/㎡, respectively. Concentration of nutrients in each organ was different among plant species. Maximum amount of standing nitrogen was the highest in the reed stand and that of standing phosphorus was the highest in the cattail stand. Amount of maximum standing nutrients are 2795.6㎏N/㏊ and 42.5㎏P/㏊ for the reed stand, 1,414㎏ N/㏊ and 24.8㎏P/㏊ for the cattail stand and 1.901,1㎏N/㏊ and 38.4㎏ P/㏊ for the wild rice stand, respectively. According to our investigation, it is concluded that reed, cattail and wild rice are suitable for water quality improvement of artificial lakes through nutrients absorption.

낙동강 하구 사주 (砂洲) 식생의 천이에 (遷移) 관한 연구 - 2. 식생형성과 종간상관

문형태(Hyeong Tae Mun),김준호(Joon Ho Kim) 한국식물학회 1985 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.28 No.3

The processes of vegetation development and interspecific association were studied as a part of a successional study in the sand bars at the Nagdong River estuary in Korea. The major pioneer plant species in the sand bars were Salsola komarovi, Carex pumila and Cynodon dactylon. In embryonic sand bars, Namusitdeung and Galmaegideung, the processes of vegetation development after colonization by pioneer species were closely interdependent with the development of the sand dune. The vegetation types of embryonic sand bars were divided into two groups: sand dune plants, and annual and perennial forbs. Those of old sand bars, Baeghapdeung and Ogryudeung, were also divided into two groups: sand dune plants, and salt marsh plants. The results of interspecific association concided well with the actual distribution of plant communities in the sand bars. The degree of vegetation development in each sand bar agreed with the order of successional stage observed in this study area.

낙동강 하구 사주식생의 (砂洲植生) 천이에 (遷利) 관한 연구 - 1. 식생과 토양환경

문형태(Hyeong Tae Mun),김준호(Joon Ho Kim) 한국식물학회 1985 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.28 No.1

Plant succession and subsequent changes of soil properties were studied in sand bars at the Nagdong River estuary in Korea. By old maps, ages of sand bars such as Namusitdeung, Galmaegideung, Baeghapdeung and Ogryudeung were estimated about 10, 15, 25 and 60 years old, respectively. The dominance-diversity curves and plant species diversity indices among the sand bars showed increasing trend of stability from Galmaegideung toward Ogryudeung. The soil acdity, contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of soil increased significantly from Galmaegideung toward Ogryudeung. The order of successional degree among the sand bars on the basis of the number of plant species, the results of vegetation analysis and changes of soil properties almost coincide with the order of age among the sand bars. However, the order of successional degree between Namusitdeung and Galmaegideung was more or less obscured because of cyclic succession driven by allogenic processes.

애기부들의 분해 및 분해과정에 따른 영양염류의 변화

문형태(Hyeong Tae Mun),남궁정(Namgung Jeong),김정희(Jeong Hee Kim) 한국환경생물학회 2000 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Mass loss and changes of mineral nutrient during the decomposition of Typha angustata for 13 months from November in 1998 to December in 1999, were investigated in small watercourse in Boryeong, Chungnam Province, Korea. After 13 months, remaining mass of leaves, stems and rhizomes was 34.7%, 59.2%, 7.2%, respectively. The rate of weight loss of the rhizomes was significantly higher than those of the leaves and stems. The decay rate of leaves, stems and rhizomes was 1.06, 0.52, 2.63 yr^-1, respectively. Initial concentration of nutrients in leaves, stems and rhizomes was 11.5, 9.0, 14.5 ㎎/g for N, 0.30, 0.27, 0.47 ㎎/g for P, 20.7, 26.9, 26.6 ㎎/g for K, 14.50, 4.77, 3.25 ㎎/g for Ca, and 1.99, 1.32, 2.07 ㎎/g for Mg, respectively. Except for Ca, concentrations of nutrients in rhizomes were higher than those in stems and rhizomes. There was no immobilization period during the decomposition of each organ of T. angustata. In case of K, most are lost during the first 1 month. Phosphorus in decomposing leaves and stems lost 58% and 66%, respectively, of the initial P capital within 1 month. [Decay rate, Decomposition, Immobilization, Macrophytes, Nutrients, Typha angustata].

백로와 왜가리의 집단번식에 의한 삼림토양 (森林土壤) 및 초본층 (草本層) 구조의 변화

문형태(Hyeong Tae Mun),남미숙(Mi Sook Nam),조삼래(Sam Rae Cho) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.3

Community structure and soil properties of larch forest which are used for breeding site by herons were studied at Apgogri, Hoengsung, Kangwon Province. This site has been protected as a Natural Monument(No. 248) from 1973, in Korea. Herons have used this habitat from February to October every year. In 1995, more than 700 herons were observed in this habitat. Most of the larches died due to group breeding of herons, and no larch saplings were found at forest floor. Nutrient contents of soil in this habitat were much higher than those in control plot(non-breeding site). This must be due to the addition of faeces from herons and of thin twigs and other organic materials from the canopy and bird nests. Species composition of herb layer in this habitat was quite different from that in control plot. Breeding site was dominated by Humulus japonicus, Persicaria fauriei, Peysicaria perfoliata, Commelina communis, Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Bidens bipinnata. Dioscorea batatas which are indicator species of soil eutrophication. Similarity index of shrub and herb layer between the breeding site and control site was 0.36 and 0.07, respectively.

산림 소유역 생태계에서 질소와 황의 유입량, 유출량과 물질수지

유영한,김준호,문형태,이창석,You, Young-Han,Kim, Joon-Ho,Mun, Hyeong-Tae,Lee, Chang-Seok 한국생태학회 2002 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.25 No.3

생태계의 필수원소이고 대기오염의 주물질인 질소와 황의 유입량, 유출량과 연물질 수지를 밝히기 위하여 집수역의 특성이 알려지고, 수문학 연구시설이 구비된 산림청 임업연구원 중부시험장내 광릉시험림의 침엽수림과 활엽수림 소유역 생태계에서 강수량과 유출수량을 측정하고, 이 속에 있는 두 물질의 함량을 분석하고 이를 수문학적 자료와 통합하였다. 광릉의 연평균 강수량은 $12,916\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$이었고, 연평균 유출량은 각각 5,094(39%)와 $7,467\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$(59%)로서 침염수림이 활엽수림보다 더 낮았다. 강수에 의한 $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$와 ${SO_4}^{2-}$의 연 평균 유입량은 각각 12.50과 $81.72\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ 이었다. 유출수를 통하여 생태계로부터 유출되는 $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$와 ${SO_4}^{2-}$의 유출량은 침엽수림소유역에서 각각 0.06과 $39.23\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$이었고, 활엽수림소유역에서 각각 0.15, $55.46\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로서 질소와 황은 생산성이 높은 천이초기 단계에 있는 침엽수림이 극상단계에 있는 활엽수림 소유역보다 적었는데 이는 물질생산에 의하여 이들 물질이 생물체의 조직에 축적되었음을 시사하였다. 이 결과로부터 계산한 $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$와 ${SO_4}^{2-}$의 연수지는 침엽수림소유역 에서 각각 +12.46, $+42.49\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ 활엽수림소유역에서 각각 +11.35, $+26.26\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로서 두 생태계에 축적되었다. In order to elucidate the budget and cycling of Nitrogen and Sulfur, essential elements and principal constituents of acid rain, their input through precipitation, and their output by streamflow were quantified in coniferous and deciduous forested watersheds, using combination of nutrient concentration and hydrological analysis, in Kwangnung Experimental Forest from July 1991 to December 1993. Amount of annual mean precipitation was $12,916\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, annual mean runoff $5,094\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$(39%), $7,467\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$(59%) in coniferous and deciduous forest watersheds, respectively. Amounts of annual input of $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ through preciptation were 12.5, $81.72\;kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, repectively. Annual output via runoff of $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ were 0.06, $39.23\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ in the coniferous forest watershed ecosystem, and 0.15, $55.46\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ in the deciduous one, respectively. On the basis of annual nutrient input and output, the annual budget of $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ were +12.46, $+42.49\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ in the coniferous forest watershed, and +11.35, $+26.26\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ in the deciduous one. Thus $N({NO_3}^-+{NH_4}^+)$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ were accumulated in both forested watershed ecosystems.

몇 가지 식물 중의 Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorrhizae 에 관하여 (4)

김종균,최두문,문형태 ( Chong Kyun Kim,Du Mun Choe,Hyeong Tae Mun ) 한국균학회 1989 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

연구논문 : 비생물 및 생물 요인에 기초한 통합적 하천자연도 평가기법에 관한 연구

표재훈 ( Jae Hun Pyo ),문형태 ( Hyeong Tae Mun ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2011 환경영향평가 Vol.20 No.1

Integrated stream naturalness based on abiotic and biotic factors were developed. Abiotic factors considered in this study were types of land use in the riparian area, river bank and high water bed streamside, revetment, bed substrate and artificial construction of streamside. Biotic factors included types of vegetation, assemblages of fish, macroinvertebrate, bird and mammal(Otter) in streams. The presence/absence of legal species and biological assessment index were also weighted as important parameters in this study. Scoring criteria selected for each matrix was five rating system; 1=poor, 2=moderate, 3=fair, 4=good, 5=excellent. Numerical ratings for the matrix were then summed. This resulted in a minimum score of 13 if all matrix at a site were poor, and a maximum score of 65 if all matrix were excellent. Five grade system from poor(I) to excellent condition(V) was employed. To verify its validity in natural environment, the evaluation system was applied to the Gapchun stream which is a test bed selected. Our result showed that stream naturalness of each reach was clearly distinguished by biotic and abiotic characteristics. Determination of correlation coefficient between abiotic and biotic factors was also high (R2=0.96, p<0.05). In conclusion, assessment for stream naturalness reflecting abiotic and biotic factors was useful method representing stream integrated.