운동영양학 : 올리고당과 섭취가 훈련된 흰쥐의 혈중 지질대사에 미치는 영향

류승필(SungPilRyu),이상직(SangJikLee),정현경(HyunKyungJung),김현국(HyunKookKim),조대승(DaeSungCho),이수천(SooChunLee) 한국체육학회 2001 한국체육학회지 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구에서는 흰쥐에게 4주간 고콜레스테롤 식이를 공급하면서 올리고당과 운동을 부하했을 때의 효과 및 올리고당과 운동을 병행했을 경우 지질농도 감소에 각각 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 비교해보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 3주령된 Sprague Dawley계 수컷 쥐 40마리를 구입하여 예비사육기간을 통한 환경적응을 시킨 후 실험에 이용하였다. 집단의 구분은 대조군(N)과 실험군으로 나눈 후 실험군을 다시 식이 형태 및 운동유무에 따라 4군(고콜레스테롤 식이군; HC, 고콜레스테롤 식이운동군; HCT, 고콜레스테를+올리고당 식이군; HCO, 고콜레스테롤+올리고당식이운동군; HCOT)으로 구분하였다. 운동부하는 점증적 과부하의 원리를 이용하였으며 경사도 0, 속도 20m/min로 30분간, 5 day/week의 운동을 4주 동안 부하 하였다. 간의 무게는 N군에 비해 고콜레스테롤식이를 섭취한 HC, HCT, HCO, HCOT군에서 유의하게 높았다. 혈청, 간TC, 총콜레스테를, LDL-콜레스테롤의 농도변화는 HC군이 N군보다 현저하게 높았으나 HDL-콜레스테롤 및 동맥경화지수는 현저하게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. HCT군과 HCO군간에 있어서 혈청 및 간의 성분변화는 유의한 차가 없었으나, HCO군보다는 HCT군이 긍정적인 양상을 보였다. 특히, 중성지방은 HCT군이 HCO군보다 현저히 낮게 나타났다. 또한 HCOT군에서 가장 낮은 음식섭취률과 지방량을 보였으며, 지질개선에 있어서 다른 군 보다 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 특히 혈청 및 간중성지방에서 유의한 차를 보였다. HCT, HCOT, HCO군의 혈청 및 간 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤은 HC군보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구의 실험결과로부터 지질대사에 유익한 영향을 미치는 기능성 물질인 올리고당과 운동을 병행 할 경우 지질농도의 감소효과가 명백하며 고지혈증의 개선에 더욱 큰 효과를 기대할 수 있다고 사료된다. This study is to examine the effects of dietary oligosaccharides and endurance training on lipid metabolism of a rat fed with high cholesterol diet. Fourty Sprague-Dawly male rats 3wks of age were randomly divided into group of one normal diet, four high cholesterol diet containing 1 % cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. They have fed experimental diet for 4wks after familiarization periods. The high cholesterol diet groups were classified into only high-cholesterol diet group(HC), high cholesterol diet-training group(HCT), high cholesterol -10% oligosaccharide diet group(HCO), and high cholesterol-10% oligosaccharide diet-training group(HCOT). They were exercised by treadmill running at 20m/min, 30min/day, 5d/wk for 4week. Changes of the levels of serum and hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol in HC group were significantly higher than those of N group(p<0.05). Whereas a significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol level and atherogenic index was observed (p<0.05). Between HCT group and HCO group, serum and hepatic components in HCT group, although was not significantly different, was more positive than that of HCO group. Especially, serum triglycerides in HCT group was significantly lower than that of HCO group(p<0.05). HCOT group was the most lowest food efficiency ratio, fat weight and revealed more positive tendency than that of other groups in each lipid parameters. Especially, there was significant difference in serum and hepatic triglyceride(p<0.05). Serum and hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol in HCT, HCOT, HCO group were significantly lower than that of HC group(p<0.05). FO thus belongs to the class of nondigestible oligosaccharides. FO feeding, like that of other fermentable dietary fibers, significantly alters the metabolism of lipids in the liver with, as a likely consequence, a reduction in VLDL production. Our data also agrees with previous observations that fermentable dietary fibers, such as pectins, are effective nondigestible carbohydrates that reduce serum and hepatic triglycerides. Fructooligosaccharide also exerted a lipid-lowering action by decreasing cholesterol contents on serum and hepatic tissue with a simultaneous increase of fecal lipids. These results suggest that dietary fructooligosaccharids may be able to act as potential substitution for a dietary fiber exercising a hypocholesterolemic action.

운동영양학 : 운동시 타우린 섭취가 고지방식이 흰쥐의 혈중 지질대사에 미치는 영향

류승필(SungPilRyu),이수천(SooChunLee) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid), a nonprotein amino add, has hypolipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, and antioxidative effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is that taurine ingestion and exercise training on blood lipid metabolism in rats. Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the subjects. They were fed 45% of high fat diet with or without 15g/kg of taurine. In addition, they were exercised on the treadmill at 27m/min, 8% of incline for 4 wks. Sum of fat pads (mesentery, abdomen, epididymal) was significantly lower in taurine supplemented group (p<.05). Blood total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly reduced in taurine supplemented group compared with un-supplemented taurine groups (p<.05), respectively. Therefore, arteriosclerosis index was also reduced in taurine supplemented group (p<.05). These results suggest that taurine supplementation before exercise might have improvement of blood lipids level and abdominal fat deposition in exercised rats.

자연과학편 : 운동과 항산화제

류승필(SungPilRyu),이수천(SooChunLee) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Under normal resting condition, approximately 95% of oxygen consumed by the cells is reduced via the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase to yield two molecules of water and energy. Oxidative stress is now known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of health disorders, including coronary heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, some forms of cancer, diabetes, skeletal muscular dystrophy, infertility, cataractogenesis, dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS-related dysfunctions, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and skeletal muscle damages during exercise. Vitamin E, besides being a free radical scavenger, is a known inhibitor of lipoxygenases and aids in the reduction of hydroperoxides catalyzed by lipoxygenases. Vitamin C is well-known water-soluble antioxidant and present in the cytosolic compartment of the cell that also enhances the antioxidative action of vitamin E. Polyphenols are found in nuts, apple, black tea, and green tea etc., which is known to have blood lipids lowering effect, and antioxidative effects. Of course, however, these supplements are not the only way to prevent and treatment oxidative stress. Therefore, more study and more investigations are suggested for the healthier life.

자연과학편 : 감초추출물 섭취가 흰쥐의 운동 중 혈중 지질농도에 미치는 영향

류승필(SungPilRyu),권태동(TaeDongKwon),여윤기(YunGhiYeo),김병성(ByungSungKim),이수천(SooChunLee) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Licorice-root-extracted food components are little known about its functions on blood lipids and antioxidant defense system during exercise or normal condition in human and rodents. Therefore, in this experiment, two extracted components, which glabrol and glabridin are used as the supplement. 18-Sprague Dawley male rats were used as a subjected and were ingested 50 mg/kg of each supplement. Rats were exercise on the moter-driven treadmill final speed at 27 m/min for four weeks. Stored fats and blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) were analyzed by enzymatic methods and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the reference. One-way analysis of variance was performed to comparing mean difference. Glabridin ingestion reduces fat accumulation, LDL-C, atherogenic index (AI) and the supplements lowers TG concentration, significantly (p<.05). These results suggested that Licorice-root-extracted food components ingestion might prevent geriatric diseases with exercise training in trained rats.

자연과학편 : 훈련된 흰쥐의 고혈당 클램프 기법 적용을 통한 인슐린 분비의 변화분석

류승필(SungPilRyu),이수천(SooChunLee),장응찬(EungChanJang) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.5

본 연구에서는 운동훈련을 지속적으로 실시한 쥐에게 고혈당 클램프 기법을 사용하여 고혈당을 유지하여 운동훈련이 인슐린 분비에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 8주령 된 수컷 흰쥐 14마리 (안정군 7마리, 트레이닝군 7마리)를 대상으로 6주간 훈련을 실시하였다. 수술 전 48시간에 훈련을 중지하고 수술을 실시하여 포도당을 주입함으로써 일정하게 고혈당 상태 (11 mM/L)를 유지하도록 하였다. 운동훈련에 의한 체중의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 훈련에 의하여 안정시 인슐린, 중성지방, 그리고 총콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 혈당유입속도는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 시간당 혈당량의 변화 역시 통계적인 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 시간당 인슐린 농도는 트레이닝군에서 0, 5, 90분에 각각 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 트레이닝을 지속하는 경우에 인슐린 분비 증가가 혈당의 감소에 기인하는 것이 아니라 운동이 인슐린 작용과 분비반응에서 서로 독립적으로 반응한다는 것을 시사한다. Prolonged exercise training has decreased hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which possibly explained with increased insulin sensitivity and suppressed glucose production in liver. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise training reduces insulin secretion. The rats were carried out in the state of overnight fast and discontinued exercise training for 48 h before the operation, for which maintained blood glucose at 11 mM/L levels. Body weight was not different between groups, however, basal insulin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in training group (p<.05). Glucose infusion rate and glucose concentrations by timings were not significant between groups. However, insulin concentrations were significantly lower at 0, 5, and 90 min of infusion in training group (p<.05). These results suggested that insulin secretion was not depend on the decreasing of glucose concentration but insulin secretion and action were acting independently by exercise training.

자연과학편 : 운동 전 살부타몰 흡입이 윙게이트 테스트시 무산소성 파워에 미치는 영향

한승호(SungHoHan),류승필(SungPilRyu) 한국체육학회 2007 한국체육학회지 Vol.46 No.5

본 연구에서는 1회성 살부타몰 흡입이 윙게이트 테스트시 무산소성 파워에 미치는 영향을 검토한 것이다. 이를 위하여 7명의 건강한 남자대학생을 대상으로 살부타몰 200 μg 혹은 위약을 네불라이저를 통하여 흡입하게 하여 30초간의 윙게이트 테스트를 실시하였으며, 1주일 후에 동일한 피험자를 대상으로 이중교차맹검법으로 실시하였다. 강제호기량, 일초율, 파워관련 변인, 혈중 에너지 기질 등이 분석되었다. 연구결과를 볼 때, 강제호기량과 일초율은 살부타몰 흡입에 의하여 유의하게 개선되었으며, 최대파워가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 혈중 글루코스, 젖산, 에피네프린, 노르에피네프린 등이 살부타몰 흡입 후 윙게이트 테스트가 끝난 직후에 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 운동 전 살부타몰 흡입이 폐기능을 향상시킴으로써 무산소성 최대파워를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. The present study examined whether acute salbutamol inhalation modifies performance and selected metabolic variables and power output during Wingate test. A total of 7 male volunteers performed a 30 s Wingate test with and without SAL(200 μg) inhalation for 1 wk separation. Spirometry was used for forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Blood samples were collected both at rest and at the end of the test. FVC and FEV1 were significantly increased by SAL inhalation(p<.05). Peak power appeared significantly earlier and was increased(p<.05) by SAL. Moreover, minimum power and peak power reaching time also have the significance(p<.05). There was no difference in fatigue indices and total work with SAL inhalation. Blood glucose, lactate, epinephrine and norepinephrine were significantly increased by salbutamol inhalation after the Wingate test(p<.05). These results suggested that salbutamol inhalation before exercise enhances lung capacity that leads exercise performance like maximal anaerobic power better.

장기간 운동 참여가 여성노인의 골밀도와 경동맥 혈류속도 지표에 관한 연구

전혜린(HyeRinJeon),이수천(SooChunLee),류승필(SungPilRyu) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.4

본 연구는 장기간의 운동이 노인의 골밀도와 경동맥 기능 지표에 미친 영향을 조사하였다. 나이와 신장이 비슷한 장기적 운동습관을 가진 노인 6명(비운동군)과 운동습관이 없는 여성 노인 6명(운동군)을 대상으로 신체적 특성과 혈중지질, 당부하검사, 골밀도 및 우측 경동맥 초음파 검사를 실시하였다. 운동군은 비운동군보다 체중, BMI, 체지방률, WHR, 혈중 총콜레스테롤과 혈당농도가 유의하게 낮았으며, 모든 골밀도 지표가 유의하게 높았다. 경동맥 초음파 검사 결과에서 운동군은 비운동군보다 총경동맥의 직경, 최대수축기 및 이완기말 혈류속도가 높았으며 내경동맥의 저항지표가 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 총경동맥의 최대수축기 및 이완기말 혈류속도는 골밀도, 총콜레스테롤 및 혈당 농도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 내경동맥 저항지표는 혈당과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내 습관적인 운동참여가 노화에 따른 이들 지표의 복합적 개선에 유익한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise on blood flow velocities in carotid artery in elderly women. The regular exercisers(n=6) and age-matched sedentary group(n=6) were undertook anthropometry and plasma lipid measurments, glucose tolerance test, bone status measurement by ultrasonographic examination of right common and internal carotid artery. Body weight(BW), body mass index(BMI), %fat mass, waist to hip ratio(WHR), total cholesterol(TC), glucose levels and resistance index(RI) of internal carotid artery(ICA) were lower in exercise group than in sedentary group. Bone mineral indices, however, diameter, peak systolic velocity(PS), and end-diastolic velocity(ED) of common carotid artery(CCA) were higher in exercise group than in sedentary group. The PS and ED of CCA was positively correlate with TC, glucose level and negatively correlated with bone indices. The RI of ICA was positively correlated with glucose levels. Habitual exercise improves the deterioration in blood velocities and resistance index in elderly women.

번데기 분말 섭취에 의한 흰쥐의 근육 및 혈중 아미노산 조성의 변화

여윤기(YunGhiYeo),안은영(EunYoungAhn),류승필(SungPilRyu) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.5

근육량 증가는 보디빌더에게는 필수요소이다. 근육량을 증가시키기 위하여 많은 운동선수와 일반인들은 동물성 단백질로 구성된 단백질 보충제를 섭취하고 있다. 그러나, 동물성 단백질은 건강에 악영향을 주는 부작용이 있다. 따라서 대체단백질로서 곤충단백질을 활용하고자 하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 누에번데기를 대체단백질로서 사용하였다. 32마리의 SD계 수컷 쥐를 네 집단(대조군, 운동군, 번데기군, 병행군)으로 구분하여 5주간 식이를 공급하였다. 체중증가는 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 하지의 근육량 및 근육량/체중의 비율이 누에번데기 섭취에 의하여 증가하였다. 운동군에서 총 유리아미노산 농도가 높았으며, 운동과 누에번데기섭취 병행군이 가장 많았다. 근육구성 아미노산 농도 역시 동일하게 나타났다. GSK-3β 단백질 발현은 누에번데기섭취에 의해 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 누에번데기 섭취가 쥐의 골격근 형성에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다. An increase in muscle mass is essential for bodybuilding athletes, especially in bodybuilders. In order to increase their muscle mass, many athletes and the public, eat a protein supplement in animal protein driven. However, animal protein can cause side effects and harm to health. Thus, there have been various attempts to substitution insect protein with animal protein. Therefore, in this study, silkworm pupa (SP) as an alternative source of protein effect was evaluated. Rats (n=32) were divided into four groups as a group fed a normal diet, with an exercise training, a group fed a silkworm pupa diet, with an exercise training, and were given their respective diet for five weeks. The increase in body weight did not differ. However, hind limbs muscle mass and weight to hind limbs muscle ratio was increased by the intake of SP. The concentration of total free amino acids increased in the exercise group, the highest in the SP and exercise group. The total muscle amino acid concentration in SP groups were increased compared to the other groups. GSK-3β protein expression was reduced by the intake of SP, and SP plus exercise group was the lowest. These results suggest that the SP diet to give a positive impact on the formation of skeletal muscle in rats.

운동영양학: 항산화복합체 1회투여가 운동후 항산화 효소활성에 미치는 영향

이수천(SooChunLee),김현국(HyunKookKim),김광수(KwangSooKim),류승필(SungPilRyu),정관우(KwanWooJung),조대승(DaeSungCho) 한국체육학회 2002 한국체육학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Exercise increases the generation of oxygen free radical an lipid peroxidation. Polyphenol and vitamin C, E are known to prevent lipid peroxidation during exercise. Among the known polyphenol, the polyphenol extracted from Green tea as used has the similar effect of antioxidant. Therefore we examined the effects of acute polyphenol or vitamin complex(vitamin C+E) on antioxidants enzymes activities in rat(N=40). All rats were exercise training on the treadmill for 6weeks (25m/sec for 1hour). They were administered 5% of polyphenol and 50㎎ of vitamin C+E before the exercise at the final day of the experiment in acute administration group(APA; acute polyphenol administration, AVA; acute vitamin complex administration, AVPA; acut vitmin complex & polyphenol administration) and theother group was administered the same amount of water at the same time point(CON). One-way ANOVA was performed as the statistical analysis. MDA concentrations in liver was significantly decreased in APA or AVPA. But gastrocnemius red, white muscle were not statistically significant. In addition, polyphenol administration has the positive effect compared with vitamin complex administration. SOD concentrations in liver were significantly increased in APA or APVA. However, skeletal muscle SOD concentrations were not statistically significant. These results suggested that acute polyphenol administration reduced the risk of lipid peroxidation during exercise in rats. Moreover, acute administration of polypheonl and vitamin complex & polyphonol increased the antioxidative activity that prevent the lipid peroxidation during exercise in rats.

지구성 운동시 목초액 투여가 흰쥐의 혈중 암모니아 농도와 글리코겐 함량 및 운동지속시간에 미치는 영향

정선영(SunYoungJung),전혜린(HyeRinJeon),이수천(SooChunLee),류승필(SungPilRyu),김현국(HyunKookKim),김영범(YeongBeomKim) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.3

목초액은 다양한 식물성화합물을 포함하는 천연재료로 생물학적으로 긍정적인 생리활성을 가지는 것으로 알려졌다. 이에 본 연구는 4주간의 운동훈련시 목초액 투여유무가 흰쥐의 운동 중 피로유발 요인으로 알려진 혈중 암모니아, 에너지기질인 혈중 글루코스와 유리지방산, 글리코겐 함량 그리고, 운동지속시간에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 28마리를 대상으로 4주간 트레드밀 달리기 운동과 고탄수화물식이를 섭취시켰으며, 운동전 대조군(n=14)은 증류수, 목초액투여군(n=14)은 목초액 1ml씩을 경구투여하였다. 최종실험일 각 집단 절반의 쥐는 27m/min의 속도로 30분 운동 후 희생시켜 샘플을 재취하였으며, 나머지는 탈진시까지의 운동지속시간을 조사하였다. 목초액 투여는 운동중 혈중 암모니아 농도의 증가를 억제하고, 간과 글리코겐의 함량에도 긍정적인 영향을 보였으나, 에너지기질 및 운동지속시간에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 운동훈련시 피로회복과 운동수행능력 향상을 위한 기능성 식품으로서 목초액의 잠재적인 효과를 부분적으로 확인하였으나 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pyroligneous liquor on blood ammonia, one of the fatigue sources during exercise, glucose, free fatty acid(FFA) concentrations, glycogen contents of liver and quadriceps, and exercise time to exhaustion in trained rats. The concentration of blood ammonia was significantly lowered in pyroligneous liquor ingested group(PL) than control group(CON). There was no significant differences in glucose, FFA, glycogen contents of tissues, and exercise time to exhaustion between CON and PL. Our finding suggests that pyroligneous liquor had a potential benefits on fatigue delay in partly, however it did not affect the level of energy substrates and exercise performance.