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철근콘크리트 실험체의 시스템 식별과 유한요소 모델 수정
김학진(Kim, H.J.),유은종(Yu, E.J.),김호근(Kim, H.G.),장극관(Chang, K.K.),이상현(Lee, S.H.),조승호(Cho, S.H.),정란(Chung, L.) 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.7
This paper focused on the application of finite element model updating technique to evaluate the structural properties of the reinforced concrete specimen using the data collected from shaking table tests. The specimen was subjected to six El Centre (NS, 1942) ground motion histories with different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ranging from 0.06 g to 0.50 g. For model updating, flexural stiffness values of structural members (walls and slabs) were chosen as the updating parameters so that the converged results have direct physical interpretations. Initial values for finite element model were determined from the member dimensions and material properties. Frequency response functions (i.e. transfer functions), natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained using the acceleration measurement at each floor and given ground acceleration history. The weighting factors were used to account for the relative confidence in different types of Inputs for updating (j.e. transfer function and natural frequencies) The constraints based on upper/lower bound of parameters and sensitivity-based constraints were implemented to the updating procedure in this study using standard bounded variable least-squares(BVLS) method. The veracity of the updated finite element model was investigated by comparing the predicted and measured responses. The results indicated that the updated model replicates the dynamic behavior of the specimens reasonably well. At each stage of shaking, severity of damage that results from cracking of the reinforced concrete member was quantified from the updated parameters (i.e. flexural stiffness values).
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위암의 침윤과 전이에 관여하는 단백분해 효소 ( uPA , PAI - 1 및 Type 4 Collagenase ) 에 관한 연구
조재용(J . Y . Cho),정현철(H . C . Chung),노성훈(S . H . Noh),김호근(H . K . Kim),박준오(J . O . Park),이종인(J . I . Lee),유내춘(N . C . Yoo),김주항(J . H . Kim),노재경(J . K . Roh),김병수(B . S . Kim),강진경(J . K . Kang),민진식(J . S 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.52 No.1
Objectives : Prognosis of gastric cancer is related to invasion and metastasis. Evidence has accumulated that invasion and metastasis in solid tumors require the action of tumor associated proteases, which promote the dissolution of the surrounding tumor matrix and the basement membrane. The serine protease [(urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] and type IV collagenase(MMP-9 and MMP- 2) appear to play a key role in these processes. Recent reports have demonstrated that expression of these proteolytic enzymes are elevated in breast and colon cancer and that it can be associated with invasiveness and poor prognosis. We therefore evaluated whether the expression and activation of uPA, PAI-1 and type IV collagenase might be of clinical value in gastric cancer as a tumor/biologically defined risk factor. Methods: In a consecutive series of 160 gastric cancer patients who were enrolled in the Yonsei Cancer Center Study Group, the expression of uPA, PAI-1 and type IV collagenase was determined by ELISA, zymography and mmunohistochemical method. The results were as follows. Results: 1) Both uPA and PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in cancer tissues than no rmal (uPA; 9.4±8.7vs 5.3±3.1 ng/mg protein cytosol, PAI-1;10.9±9.1vs 5.8± 2.9 ng/mg protein cytosol), (p<0.001 respectively). Both high uPA and PAI-1 levels were associated with differentiation of the tumor(p=0.04, p=0.004), and a high PAI-1 level was associated with lymph nodes metastasis at an advanced stage (p=0.003, p=0.04). There was a correlation between the levels of uPA and PAI-1 expression in cancer tissues(r=0.57). 2) The activation ratio of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in cancer tissues 0.32±0.25, 0.27±0.34 were significantly higher than in normal tissue 0.19±0,27, 0.06± 0.16(p<0.001). The MMP-9 activation was associated with lymphnode metastasis and the MMP-2 activation was associated with distant metastasis(p=0.011, p=0.041). 3) In univariate analysis all of the proteolytic enzymes were associated with short relapse free survival, but in multivariate analysis only the high uPA expression was an independent prognostic parameter for short relapse free survival of the gastric cancer patients. Conclusion: These data indicate that uPA, PAI-1 and type IV collagenase were involved in the progression of gastric cancer at different points of time by different mechanisms. The combined expression and activation of these proteolytic enzymes were poor prognostic factors in gastric cancer patients, so new therapy based on these biologic behavior of the tumor in the same stage are clinically applicable. In particular, uPA is a new independent variable for the identification of patients at high risk, therefore therapy targetting uPA can be applied as a new treatment modality for gastric cancer.
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