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한국인 안드로젠 저항성 증후군 환자의 안드로젠 수용체 유전자 변이 양상
박서영(Seo Yeong Park),최영민(Young Min Choi),박성효(Sung Hyo Park),양세원(Se Won Yang),구승엽(Seung Yup Ku),김석현(Seok Hyun Kim),김수응(Soo Woong Kim),백제승(Jai Seung Paik),양도훈(Do Hoon Yang),최두석(Doo Seok Choi),권혁찬(Hyuck C 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.4
N/A Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a X-linked disorder of sexual differentiation resulting from defective androgen receptor (AR) function. Androgens are secreted by the testes of 46,XY individuals, but there is loss of target organ response to the hormone. The abnormalities of AR are due to defects in the AR gene, and many mutations causing AIS have been reported since the cloning of AR gene. In this study, we analyzed the AR genes in twelve Korean patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome: 9 patients with complete AIS and 3 patients with partial AIS. DNAs were isolated from patients with AIS, and the coding region of AR gene was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction using 7 pairs of primers (exon B-H). Sequence analysis of the AR gene was performed using direct sequencing and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). The AR gene mutations were identified in 7 out of 12 patients: 6 of 9 patients with complete AIS, and one of 3 patients with partial AIS. Mutations found were as follows: the point mutation (ATT→ACT) at position 680 of exon D, point mutation (TGG→TGC) at position 751 of exon E, point mutation (CAA→TAA) at position 792 of exon F, point mutations (CGC→TGC, GTG→ATG) at position 855 and 866 of exon G, and the deletion of 13 nucleotides (CGTATCATTGCAT) at position 840 of exon G, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the point mutations found in exon D, exon E, and exon F, and the deletion in exon G have not been observed before. SSCP revealed bands with abnormal mobility in 10 out of 12 patients tested. Mutations were found 5 out of these 10 patients. The other two patients showed no abnormal band on SSCP, but showed mutations by direct sequencing. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the AR gene mutations, including three novel mutations, in Korean patients with AIS, and these abnormalities might be related to the pathogenesis of androgen insensitivity syndrome.
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마우스 단핵 탐식 세포에서 Nitric oxide 생성의 조절 기전에 관한 연구
최병기,김수응 한국환경독성학회 2000 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.15 No.3
ADP-ribosylation may be involved in the process of macrophage activation. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important intracellular and intercellular regulatory molecule with function as diverse as vasodilation, neural communication or host defense. NO is derived from the oxidation of the terminal guanidino nitrogen atom of L-arginine by the NADPH-dependent enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which is one of the three different isomers in mammalian tissues. Since NO can exert protective or regulatory functions in the cell at a low concentration while toxic effects at higher concentrations, its role may be tightly regulated in the cell. Therefore, this paper was focused on signal transduction pathway of NO synthesis, role of endogenous TGF-β in NO production, effect of NO on superoxide formation. Costimulation of murine peritoneal macrophageswith interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased both NO secretion and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) when PMA abolished costimulation. Pretreatmnet of the cells with PMA abolished costimuation effects due to the depletion of protein kinase C (PKC) activities. The involvement of PKC in NO secretion could be further confirmed by PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, and phorbol ester derivative, phorbol 12,13-didecanoate. Addition of actinomycine D in IFN-γ plus PMA stimulated cells inhibited both NO secretion and mRNA expression of iNOS indication that PMA stabilizes mRNA of iNOS. Exogenous TGF-β reduced NO secretion in IFN-γ stimulated murine macrophages. However addition of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to TGF-β to this system recovered the ability of NO production and inhibited mRNA expression of TGF-β. ACAS interactive laser cytometry analysis showed that transportation of FITC-abeled antisense ODN complementary to TGF-β mRNA could be observed within 5 min and reached maximal intensity in 30 min in the murine macrophage cells. NO released by activated macrophages inhibits superoxide formation in the same cells. This inhibition may be related on NO-induced auto-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation. In addition, ADP-ribosylation may be involved in the process of macrophage activation.
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