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김상효 ( Kim Sanghyo ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.8
(연구배경 및 목적) 청년 1인 가구를 중심으로 형성된 ‘소셜리빙’이라는 공유주거 형태가 새로운 주거 트렌드로 떠오르고 있다. 소셜리빙에 있어 공유주거시설 내 커뮤니티 공간이 갖는 중요성은 매우 크다. 본 연구의 목적은 공유주거시설에 입주하는 청년 1인 가구의 삶의 질을 증진하는 것이다. 해외선진 사례를 살펴보고 국내 사례를 분석함으로써 향후 개선점을 파악하여 개인공간과 공용공간에서 모두 만족도가 높은 소셜리빙 공간의 조성에 도움이 되고자 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 해외 선진 사례 분석 및 국내 사례 분석을 통해 진행되었다. 국내 사례 분석에 대해서는 선행 연구 논문 분석을 통해 공간 요소를 추출한 후, 사례 대상지를 선정하고 분석의 틀에 따라 사례대상지의 커뮤니티 공간 특성을 종합적으로 분석했다. 도출된 분석 결과는 공유주거의 소셜리빙을 위한 개선점을 발견하고 개선 방안을 제시할 수 있다. (결과) 기존의 선행연구 논문에 대한 분석을 통해 공유성, 문화성, 지원성, 소통성 4가지의 소셜리빙 커뮤니티 공간 특성이 도출되었다. 그리고 특성별로 각각 2가지씩 세부특성을 도출하였다. 사례 대상지에 대한 종합 분석 결과, 첫째, 접근성의 구현에 있어 사례지 4곳 모두 잘 구현된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소통성 방면에서 보면, 입주자들이 문화 콘텐츠를 생성하는 활동에 주체적이고, 우호적으로 참여하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 문화성 방면에서 보면, 유희성과 감성성을 모두 구현한 사례지는 한 곳도 없었다. 넷째, 첨단성 방면은 대체적으로 미흡해 향후 가장 개선이 필요한 부분으로 나타났다. (결론) 해외 선진 사례 분석을 통한 성공 요인 및 시사점 도출 결과 사회적 관계 중심의 커뮤니티, 열정과 협업의 마인드, 라이프스타일을 반영한 소셜 프로그램과 쾌적한 물리적 환경이 공유주거시설 입주자들의 소셜리빙 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 소셜리빙에서의 공용공간은 커뮤니티 공간이 중심이 된다. 소셜리빙에서 공간의 공유는 단순한 공간의 공유가 아니라 커뮤니티 활동이 이루어지는 공간의 공유다. 그러나 국내 소셜리빙의 물리적 환경은 아직까지 ‘공유’에 치우쳐 있다. 첨단성을 구현하여 개인 사생활의 쾌적함까지 보장될 수 있다면 개인공간과 공용공간에서 모두 만족도가 높은 소셜리빙 공간의 조성이 가능해질 것으로 예상된다. (Background and Purpose) A form of shared housing, known as “social living,” and established around single-person households for young people, has emerged as a new residential trend. Community spaces in shared residential facilities are very important in social living. Thus, this study aimed to promote the quality of life in young single-person households in shared residential facilities. By looking at advanced overseas cases and analyzing domestic cases, we hope to identify future improvements and help to create highly satisfying social living spaces in both private and public spaces. (Method) This study included an advanced analysis of foreign and domestic cases. As for the domestic case analysis, after extracting spatial elements through the analysis of prior research papers, the case sites were selected, and the community space characteristics of the case site according to the framework of the analysis were comprehensively analyzed. The results of the analysis derived from these facts could find improvements for social living of shared dwellings and present improvement measures. (Results) Through the analysis of prior research papers, we derived four social living community space characteristics: shareability, culturality, supportability, and communication. In addition, two detailed characteristics were derived for each characteristic. A comprehensive analysis of the case site showed that, first, all four of the case sheets were well implemented in the realization of accessibility. Second, in terms of communication, residents were found to be self-reliant and friendly in the activities creating cultural contents. Third, in terms of culture, there were no case sites that embodied both amusement and sensibility. Fourth, advanced facilities aspects were generally insufficient, indicating that they have the most room for improvement in the future. (Conclusion) As a result of deprived success factors and implications through analyzing advanced overseas cases, success factors and implications were derived, and social programs and pleasant physical environment that reflected the social relationship-oriented community, the mind of passion and collaboration, and lifestyle were the main factors affecting the satisfaction of social living among residents of shared residential facilities. The public spaces in social living are centered on a community space. In social living, sharing of spaces is not just mere sharing of space, but also of spaces where community activities take place. However, the physical environment of the social living in Korea is still “sharing.” It is expected that the creation of a highly satisfying social living spaces in both private and public will be possible if the comfort of personal privacy can be guaranteed by implementing advanced facilities.
김상효 ( Sanghyo Kim ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2021 제임스조이스저널 Vol.27 No.2
Lovelessness is the main theme of “A Painful Case,” one of the stories in James Joyce’s Dubliners. What is the reason for Mr. Duffy’s lovelessness? According to abnormal psychology, one of the most important characteristics of schizoid personality disorder is that the people who have this symptom have neither human communion nor sexual emotion. Like people with schizoid personality disorder, Mr. Duffy doesn’t have any communion with others or feel sexual attraction towards women. His lovelessness is because of schizoid personality disorder. Then what is the cause of Mr. Duffy’s schizoid personality disorder? Abnormal psychology theorists explain that schizoid personality disorder is mostly caused by a human being’s negative growing environments, especially a negative family background. Even though there’s no evidence about Mr. Duffy’s growing environment in the story, we can find the evidence in the rest of the Dubliners stories because Joyce intended Dubliners to be a history of a human being. So the childhood characters in other stories of Dubliners can be seen as characters who represent Mr. Duffy’s childhood. There is a lot of evidence which shows the negative circumstances of Mr. Duffy’s early life in Dubliners. In these circumstances he developed schizoid personality disorder and, as a consequence, cannot love Mrs. Sinico or other men and women. Mr. Duffy’s impotence does not seem to be solved in the story, but Joyce implies its resolution in the story. He insists that Dubliners try to establish normal families, and then Irish children will grow up as normal characters, be able to love, and create a normal history of Ireland.
김상효 ( Sanghyo Kim ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2015 제임스조이스저널 Vol.21 No.1
There is no doubt that one of the major themes of “The Sisters” is “paralysis.” In fact, many critics have tried to identify this same theme of the story from many perspectives; however, it seems very difficult or almost impossible for readers to understand the reality of paralysis naturally both at the level of the boy’s consciousness and within the context of the whole story. Therefore, I suggest that it is a more reasonable way to understand the theme of paralysis in the story by investigating it in the protagonist’s “unconsciousness” and its overt expression or “conscientization” in “The Sisters.” In the first paragraph of the story, even though he is unaware of the word itself and its meaning consciously, “I [the boy] said softly to myself [himself] the word paralysis.” In the context of the story, there is no way to explain his murmuring the word paralysis to himself from the perspective of his consciousness. From an unconscious point of view, however, it could be argued that his actions make perfect sense. Throughout Irish history, the Catholic Church was commonly both morally and spiritually corrupt and paralysed. Under these circumstances, the boy’s unconsciousness about the paralysis of the Irish priests and Irish Catholic Church was formed during his childhood by hearing stories about the paralysis repeatedly from family members and neighbours. Later, this unconscious idea emerged into the sphere of his consciousness through association with the word paralysis, and, furthermore, due to the influences of his external environments, specifically, Father Flynn’s physical paralysis. His conscientized unconsciousness becomes concrete as he is exposed to both the priest’s death and the confused discourse among the adults. This aspect of conscientization of unconsciousness reveals itself again in his dream and through his unconscious expression of emotion about the priest’s paralysis in the street. The paralysis of the Irish Catholic Church was exceedingly serious and has been repeated throughout Irish history to the extent that it dominated children’s collective unconsciousness. Joyce used the conscientization of the boy’s unconsciousness as a device to express the seriousness of this paralysis of the Irish priests and Irish Catholic Church of his day.