『東醫寶鑑』에서 熟地黃, 川芎, 當歸, 白芍藥이 군약으로 사용된 방제의 주치병증 비교

금유정(Keum Yujeong),송시훈(Song Shihoon),이병욱(Lee Byungwook),송지청(Song Jichung) 한국의사학회 2021 한국의사학회지 Vol.34 No.2

This research aims to find a way to utilize the literature to select the herbs to be added or subtarcted according to the condition of the patient after determining the basic prescription to be used for the patient. It is based on the data inputting the compositional herb and application of the prescription a described in Donguibogam. The composition of the herb was expressed as a weight ratio, the standard deviation of the weight ratio was calculated for each prescription, and the case where the herb weight ratio was greater than the base value (highest weight ratio – standard deviation) was designated as a principal herb. The various expressions of applications were changed to representative terms by the researcher and used to calculate the frequency. Of the 4,373 prescriptions for Donguibogam, 3,307 were able to be expressed as weight ratio, and 640 prescriptions using Rehmannia glutinosa, Cnidium officinale, Angelica gigas and Paeonia lactiflora as principle herb. Of the 640 prescriptions, 508 prescriptions included applicated information. Rehmannia glutinosa can also be used for symptoms such as fetal leakage(胎漏), short ingestion(食少), fever(發熱), and dazzling(眼花). Cnidium officinale can also be used for symptoms such as migraine(偏頭痛), stroke(中風癱瘓), and tetanus(破傷風). Angelica gigas can also be used for symptoms such as forgetfulness(健忘), incontinence of urination(小便不通), and mal-palpitations(驚悸). Paeonia lactiflora can also be used for symptoms such as heart pain and abdominal pain(心腹痛), and cough(咳嗽).

한방병원에 관한 의료법 개정 : 제한한방병원의 설립과 운영

금유정(KEUM Yujeong),엄동명(EOM Dongmyung),송지청(SONG Jichung) 대한한의학원전학회 2022 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Objectives : 한방병원에 관한 의료법의 개정 내용을 최초의 한방병원인 제한한방병원의 설립과 운영을 통해 살펴보고자 한다. Methods : 1951년 국민의료법 제정 이래 의료기관 종별에 한방병원이 등장하는 1973년까지의 의료법 개정을 살펴보고, 의료법 개정 내용을 중심으로 제한한방병원의 설립과 운영에 대해 살펴보았다. Results & conclusion : 의료법에 ‘한방병원’이 등장하는 것은 1973년 2월 16일 의료법이 전면 개정되면서부터이다. 한방병원에 관한 법 규정이 제정된 이후, 의료법(법률 제2533호)에 따라 1973년 11월 24일 우리나라 최초의 한방병원이 설립되는데, 이것이 바로 현재 대구한의대학교 부속 한방병원의 전신인 ‘제한한방병원’이다. 제한한방병원이 의료법에 근거하여 한방병원으로 등록된 것은 1973년 11월이지만, 병원이 본격적으로 진료를 시작한 것은 1970년 12월이다. 제한한방병원은 의료법의 병원설립 기준에 따라 설립되었으나, 같은 의료법의 다른 조항에 의거하여 한방병원에서 부속 한의원으로 의료기관 종별을 변경하게 된다. 1960년대에서 1970년대는 국가 경제가 성장하면서 의학과 병원 또한 급속하게 발전하는 시기였다. 따라서 의료법의 개정이 현실의 상황을 미처 따라오지 못하였던 것으로 보인다. 하지만, 사회적으로 환자의 이동권 혹은 한방의료가 담당하던 질병의 관리 차원에서 입원시설을 갖춘 한방 의료기관이 필요했다. 이에 이미 그 역할을 수행하고 있었던 제한한방병원이 의료법 개정에 있어 참고 사례가 되었을 가능성도 생각해 볼 수 있다. Objectives : To look at the medical law reformation of Korean Medicine hospitals through the establishment and management of the Jaehan Oriental Medicine Hospital, which was the first Korean Medicine Hospital in South Korea. Methods : Revisions of the medical law since the establishment of the National Medical Act in 1951 up until 1973 when the ‘Korean Medicine hospital’ first entered the medical institution category were examined. Based on the revised contents, the establishment and management of the Jaehan hospital were examined. Results & Conclusions : The first mentioning of Korean Medicine hospital in the medical law took place on Feb 16, 1973 when the medical law was completely revised. After law regulations on Korean Medicine hospitals were established, the fist Korean Medicine hospital was founded on Nov. 24th, 1973 according to act 2533 of the medical law. This is the Jaehan Oriental Medicine Hospital, which is the predecessor of what we now know as the Daegu Korean Medicine University Hospital. Although the Jaehan hospital was registered as a legitimate Korean Medicine hospital in November of 1973, it had already started medical practice in December of 1970. While it was established according to the standards of medical law, it changed its institution category from Korean Medicine hospital to affiliated Korean Medicine clinic based on another clause within the same law. The decade from 1960 to 1970 was a time when national economy was developing, and the field of medicine and medical institutions were also booming. As such, revisions in the medical law seems to not have been able to keep up with what was happening in reality. To meet the patients right to move or to manage diseases which Korean Medicine was taking responsibility for, a medical institution with inpatient capacity was required. Therefore it is possible that the Jaehan hospital which had already been providing such a role could have been a sample case for reference in the medical law revision process.

영조대 의관에 대한 연구 : 『조선왕조실록』을 중심으로

금유정(Keum Yujeong),승혜빈(Seung Hyebin),엄동명(Eom Dongmyung),송지청(Song Jichung) 한국의사학회 2020 한국의사학회지 Vol.33 No.2

목적 : 조선 왕조 실록은 조선 왕조의 모습을 살펴 볼 수 있는 주요 역사적 기록이다. 그러나 우리는 조선 시대 의관의 관직과 품계 등을 거의 알지 못한다. 이 연구의 목적은 영조실록을 조사하여 의관의 활동, 관직, 품계 등을 살피는 것이다. 방법 : 우선 영조실록에 醫 이 포함 된 기록을 검색하였다. 그런 다음 각 기록을 통해 의관의 이름을 정리하였다. 영조실록의 역사 기록을 의관의 성명으로 검색하여 그들의 활동, 관직, 품계를 분석하였다. 정보가 한정되어있을 때는 승정원일기를 참고하였다. 결과 : 영조실록에서 ‘醫’이 포함 된 262 개의 역사 기록을 찾았고, 영조실록에서 의관으로 활동했던 26명을 정리하였다. 또한 영조실록의 110 개 역사 기록과 승정원일기에서 관직 11개와 그들이 받은 7가지의 품계를 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 영조실록과 승정원일기에 기재된 사료들을 연구함으로써 알려지지 않은 의 관들의 자세한 활동을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 조선 시대 계급 사회에서 중산층은 다양한 제약을 가졌다. 하지만 중산층에 속한 의관들은 사회적 지위에도 불구하고 뛰어난 대우를 받았다. Objective : The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is a primary historical record that has provided a great deal of information about what the Joseon Dynasty was like. However, as of yet, we know very little about the medical officers in Joseon dynasty, such as their government posts and official ranks. The purpose of this study is look in to the activities, government posts, and official ranks of the medical personnel by examining Yeongjosillok. Methods : First, I selected historical records containing ‘醫’ in Yeongjosillok. Then, I organized medical officers’ name by reading each record. I screened historical records in Yeongjosillok with their names to analyze their activities, government posts, and official ranks. When there was limited information available, I referred to The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty. Results : I found 262 historical records in Yeongjosillok containing ‘醫’. Then I found 26 people who served as medical officers in Yeongjosillok. Also, l found that 11 government posts and 7 official ranks were awarded to them throughout the 110 historical records in Yeongjosillok and The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty. Conclusion : Through this study, I was able to examine the detailed activities of unknown medical officers by studying the historical records in Yeongjosillok and The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty. Under the Joseon Dynasty s class-based society, the middle class had various restrictions. However, I found that medical officers that belonged to the middle class received exceptional treatment despite their social status.

『針灸資生經』에 기재된 頭面部 병증 치료경혈의 특성에 대한 고찰

금유정(KEUM Yujeong),이봉효(LEE Bonghyo),여인금(YEO Inkeum),엄동명(EOM Dongmyung),송지청(SONG Jichung) 대한한의학원전학회 2021 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Objectives : To organize the acupoints used to treat disorders of the head and face in the Zhenjiuzishengjing, and examine their characteristics in application. Methods :1. The head and face area was divided into 8 parts according to the textbook of meridians and acupoints. Channels belonging to each part were marked. 2. Disorders as mentioned in the Zhenjiuzishengjing were categorized into 8 groups, accordingly. 3. Acupoints used to treat each disorder were organized according to the channels each belonged to. 4. The points were divided according to their proximity, and their application frequency was organized. 5. Based on the organized contents, the characteristics of using proximal and distal points, together with the interrelationship between the channel belonging to the afflicted area and the points locations were examined. Results : In treating disorders in the head and face area, various distal points along with proximal points were suggested in the Zhenjiuzishengjing. In some cases, points belonging to a channel that was irrelevant to the afflicted area were used widely; for proximal points, the Governor/Conception/Triple Energizer/Gallbladder channels were used. For distal points, channels that were related to the Five Zhang were used. Conclusion : Based on the contents of the Zhenjiuzishengjing, the following could be concluded: 1. When treating disorders of the head and face caused by heat, distal points were mostly used. 2. In cases where points which are not part of channels that pass the head or face were used, Zhang disfunction was likely behind such points selection.

특정혈 취혈법에 대한 고찰 -LU7의 자침 깊이와 BL62 KI6 혈위를 중심으로-

금유정 ( Yujeong Keum ),임향기 ( Hyanggi Lim ),최서영 ( Seoyeoung Choi ),정지훈 ( Jihun Jung ),엄동명 ( Dongmyung Eom ),송지청 ( Jichung Song ) 경락경혈학회 2020 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.37 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review needling depth and location of LU7, BL62 and KI6 by the medical classics’ records. Methods : 1. We researched the medical classics describing LU7, KI6 and BL62, and reorganized data about the location and needling depth. 2. We compared the medical classics’ records on LU7, KI6 and BL62 with description of WHO standard acupuncture point location. 3. We reviewed different location and needling depth of LU7, BL62, and KI6 recorded in the medical classics with the anatomical structure. Results : 1. The common needling depth of LU7 is about 0.2 chon. But in some medical classics, the depth of LU7 is 0.8 chon. Needling depth of LU7 varied depending on the patient’s hand posture. In the ‘half-up’ position with the thumb upward, it is possible to stimulate acupuncture on LU7 by 0.8 chon because there is a space between the tendons. 2. In WHO standard acupuncture point location, the locations of BL62 and KI6 are just below the lateral and medial malleolus. But in some medical classics, the locations of BL62 and KI6 are between the bones and muscles below the malleolus. In the locations between the bones and muscles below the malleolus, it is possible to stimulate acupuncture on BL62 and KI6 by penetrating acupuncture because there is no bone structure. Conclusions : 1. By the ‘half-up’ position with the thumb upward, it is possible to stimulate vertically acupuncture on LU7 by 0.8 chon. 2. By the locations of BL62 and KI6 between the bones and muscles below the malleolus, it is possible to stimulate on BL62 and KI6 by penetrating acupuncture.

맥상용어목록을 이용한 맥상표현 자동추출방법 연구 : 『의종손익』을 중심으로

금유정(Keum Yujeong),이병욱(Lee Byungwook),엄동명(Eom Dongmyung),송지청(Song Jichung) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objective : 한의서에 기재된 맥상표현은 맥상용어의 조합으로 구성되어 있으며 다양한 조합의 맥상용어를 통해 병증을 설명하고 있다. 하지만 한의사 또는 한의학 전문가들은 이러한 다양한 조합의 맥상표현에 대해 모두 파악하는 일은 불가능하며 개인적인 노력에 의해 한의서를 접하는 과정에서 단편적으로 맥상표현에 대한 지식을 접할수 있을 뿐이다Methods : 본 연구는 Microsoft社의 Window 10 환경에서 Microsoft Office 365의 Access를 사용해 진행하였다. 맥상표현 추출 대상 원문은 『醫宗損益』이다. 최종적으로 [맥상제외용어]를 이용하여 자동으로 추출된 맥상표현을 정제하고자 하였다. Results : 본연구를 진행할 때 PC환경은 Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz를 사용하였으며, RAM은 8GB를 사용하였고, Window 10 64비트 운영 체제를 사용하였다. 6,115개 문장에서 1차적으로 6,497개 맥상표현을 추출하였으며 정제과정을 거쳐 최종적으로 5,507개 맥상표현을 추출하였다. Conclusion : 고문헌 의서가 프로그램이 파악할 수 있는 데이터파일로 존재한다는 가정하에서 본 연구방법을 통해 맥상을 나타내는 맥상표현 지식을 DB로 작성하는 방법이 연구자가 직접 작성하는 경우보다 시간적, 인적 자원의 절약할 수 있음을 나타낸다. Objectives : Pulse descriptions in Korean Medical texts are comprised of combinations of pulse terminology, where various combinations of pulse terminology are used to describe disease symptoms. For Korean Medical doctors and professionals, however, it is impossible to identify the entirety of pulse description combinations, and their understanding is mostly limited to those learned from classical texts studied individually. Methods :This research was carried out by using Access of Microsoft Office 365 in Windows 10 of Microsoft. Pulse descriptions were extracted from the text, 『Euijongsonik』. In the final stages, the automatically extracted list of pulse descriptions was refined through [excluded terminology of pulse description]. Results : The PC environment of this research was Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz, with 8GB of RAM and a Windows 10 64bit operation system. Out of 6,115 verses 6,497 descriptions were primarily extracted, and after a refinement process, the final list contained 5,507 pulse descriptions. Conclusions : Based on the assumption that classical texts are available in data form to be processed by programs, current research methodology demonstrated that it was more efficient in regards to time and man power to create a pulse description database compared to when the researcher manually created one.

『樂山堂新集醫方錦囊至寶』의 편제에 대한 연구

금유정(Keum Yujeong),엄동명(Eom Dongmyung),송지청(Song Jichung) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.3

목 적 : 『樂山堂新集醫方錦囊至寶』(이하 『樂山堂』이라 함)의 전반적인 모습에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 방 법 : 『樂山堂』의 목록, 本文 구성, 인용표기에 대해 살펴보고, 이를 『東醫寶鑑』(이하 『寶鑑』이라 함)과 『濟衆新編』의 편제와 비교·고찰하였다. 결 과 : 本文의 구성을 통해 卞光源이 『樂山堂』을 저술하면서 『寶鑑』과 『濟衆』을 참고하였음을 알 수 있다. 하지만 『樂山堂』은 『寶鑑』의 번잡함을 줄이면서 『濟衆』보다는 충실하고자 했고, 새롭게 篇을 구성하고 내용을 추가하는 등 독특한 편제를 가지고 있다. 또한, 인용표기를 통해 『樂山堂』이 『寶鑑』과 『濟衆』을 2차인용하고 있다고 추정할 수 있다. 하지만 두 서적 외에도 『證治準繩』을 인용하고, ‘新增’ ‘自述’ ‘樂山’ 등의 인용표기를 통해 새로운 지식을 담아내고자 노력했다. 결 론 : 편제와 인용표기의 비교·고찰 결과 『樂山堂』의 독특한 편제를 가장 분명하게 나타내는 것은 小兒篇이다. 이를 통해 저자 卞光源이 『樂山堂』을 통해 소아질환을 전문적으로 다루고자 했음을 알 수 있다. Objectives : This paper aims to examine the overall form of the 『Yosandangsinjipeuibangkeumnangjibo』 (『Yosandang』). Methods : The table of contents, organization of the body, citations in the 『Yosandang』 were examined, then compared to the organization of 『Donguibogam』 (『Bogam』) and 『Jejungsinpyeon』 (『Jejung』). Results & Conclusions : Based on the organization of the body, it could be determined that Byun Gwangwon referenced 『Bogam』 and 『Jejung』. However, it was found that 『Yosandang』 strived to be more faithful to the 『Bogam』 than the 『Jejung』 while it also tried to minimize the complicatedness of 『Bogam』. Its organization was unique in that it created new chapters and added contents. Also, through examination of the citations, it could be assumed that those in the 『Yosandang』 were secondary citations of the 『Bogam』 and 『Jejung』. Despite these features, it also cited the 『Zhengzhizhunsheng』 and showed efforts to include new knowledge with citation labels such as ‘新增[newly added]’ ‘自述[original writing]’ and ‘Yosan(樂山)’. Discussion : The findings of the comparison and examination process of the organization and citations of the book revealed that the uniqueness of the organization of 『Yosandang』 is most obvious in the pediatrics chapter. This indicates that the author s intention was to deal with pediatric diseases professionally.

조선후기 의서 樂山堂新集醫方錦囊至寶 收載 藥性歌에 대한 연구

금유정(KEUM Yujeong),유미선(YOO Misun),엄동명(EOM Dongmyung),송지청(SONG Jichung) 한국의사학회 2019 한국의사학회지 Vol.32 No.2

ThemedicalbookYosandangsinjipeuibangkeumnangjibo( 樂山堂新集醫方錦囊至寶 ,below asYosandang, 樂山堂 )ishousedintheHandok museum ofMedicineandPharmacy.AttheendoftheYosandang,writteninmanuscript,containsarhymesofherbalmedicine(藥性歌).The rhymesofherbalmedicineisa recordofsongform aboutherbalmedicine.Song-formswerewidelyusedbecausetheywereeasytosing andmemorize.Inparticular,therearemanyrecordsofsongformsinKoreanmedicalbooks,whichhavebeenusedinvariousfieldssuchas herbalmedicines,acupuncture points,and diagnosis.Although Yosandang isnota widelyknown medicalbook,itismeaningfulin thatit showsacrosssectionoflateJoseonKoreanmedicine.So,thispaperconsidersrhymesofherbalmedicineinYosandang. YosandangisamedicalbookofthelateJoseonperiodwrittenbydoctorByunGwangwonin1806.Thisbookconsistsof6booksand14 volumes,13ofwhicharerhymesofherbalmedicine.TherhymesofherbalmedicineinYosandangis7words-2phrasesform forthefirst timeinKorea.Thisisalmost80yearsearlierthanthesameform ofBangyakhabpyeon( 方藥合編 ). ThefirstpartofrhymesofherbalmedicineinYosandangisconsideredtorefertotherhymesofherbalmedicineinJejungsinpyeon( 濟衆 新編 ),andthelastpartseemstobebasedonthecontentsofDonguibogam ( 東醫寶鑑 ).Inotherwords,rhymesofherbalmedicinein Yosandangcouldbeconsideredastheresultoftryingtocontainherbalmedicineknowledgeasanew 7words-2phrasesform basedonthe Jejungsinpyeon( 濟衆新編 )andDonguibogam ( 東醫寶鑑 ). UnlikethepreviousrhymesofherbalmedicinemadeduringthecompilationofmedicalbooksledbythelateJoseongovernment,therhymes ofherbalmedicineinYosandangisanew typeofrhymescreatedbasedonindividualeffortsintheearly19thcentury.Ithasamedicine historicalsignificanceinthatitcanshow someaspectsofKoreanmedicineinthelateJoseonperiod.

본초 및 용량 용어를 이용한 방제구성 자동추출방법에 대한 연구 : 『의종손익』을 중심으로

금유정(Keum Yujeong),이병욱(Lee Byungwook),엄동명(Eom Dongmyung),송지청(Song Jichung) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objective : 본 연구에서는 고의서의 원문으로부터 방제 구성을 자동적으로 추출하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. Methods : 본 연구는 Microsoft社의 Window 10 환경에서 Microsoft Office 365의 Access를 사용하여 진행하였다. 방제구성 자동추출 대상 원문은 종합의서인 『醫宗損益』이다. ‘본초용어’와 ‘용량용어’ 데이터 셋을 이용하여 본초와 용량을 추출하고, 최종적으로 문자열의 위치 값을 이용해 방제 구성을 자동으로 추출하였다. Results : 본 연구를 진행할 때 PC환경은 Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz를 사용하였으며, RAM은 8GB를 사용하였고, Window 10 64비트 운영 체제를 사용하였다. 6,115개 문장에서 19,277개 본초-용량 구성을 추출하였다. Conclusion : 본 연구 결과로 데이터화 되어있는 한의서의 경우 인적·물적 자원의 지원 없이도 방제 지식을 추출할 수 있게 되었고, 나아가 고의서 지식의 임상 활용 유용성을 제시하였다. Objectives : This research aims to suggest a automatic data extract method for herbal formula combinations from medical classics‘ texts. Methods : This research was carried out by using Access of Microsoft Office 365 in Windows 10 of Microsoft. The subject text for extraction was 『Euijongsonik』. Using data sets of herb and dosage terminology, herbal medicinals and their dosages were extracted. Afterwards, using the position value of the character string, the formula combinations were automatically extracted. Results :The PC environment of this research was Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz, with 8GB of RAM and a Windows 10 64bit operation system. Out of 6,115 verses, 19,277 herb-dosage combinations were extracted. Conclusions : In this research, it was demonstrated that in the case of classical texts that are available as data, knowledge on herbal medicine could be extracted without human or material resources. This suggests an applicability of classical text knowledge to clinical practice.

조선후기 소아전염병 痘疹과 麻疹에 대한 인식 변화 : 4종 종합의서를 바탕으로

엄동명(Eom Dongmyung),이병욱(Lee Byungwook),금유정(Keum Yujeong),송시훈(Song shihoon),송지청(Song Jichung) 대한한의학원전학회 2022 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.35 No.1

특정시기 특정질환에 대한 전문의서의 등장은 그 이전에 발발한 질환이 사회문제화되었다는 것을 전제한다. 본고에서는 『東醫寶鑑』, 『濟衆新編』, 『樂山堂新集醫方錦囊至寶』, 『醫宗損益』 등 4개의 의서를 중심으로 소아전염병인 痘瘡과 麻疹에 대한 인식의 변화를 살펴보았다. 麻疹이 대유행하기 전에 저술된 『東醫寶鑑』에는 麻疹에 대한 서술이 간략하다. 조선에 麻疹이 대유행했던 시기를 거쳤음에도 『濟衆新編』에는 麻疹에 대한 인식이 부족하다. 19세기초 출간된 『樂山堂新集醫方錦囊至寶』에는 개인의 경험을 담아 痘瘡과 麻疹 치료에 대한 서술이 풍부하다. 또한 『醫宗損益』에서도 痘瘡과 麻疹 치료에 다양한 방법을 제시하고 있다. 이는 이미 紅疫의 대유행시기가 지난 시점에서 개인이 저술한 의서들이 시대를 거듭하고 질병의 罹患 경험과 治療 경험이 많아지면서 그 이전 미진했던 紅疹에 대한 의학적 성과를 드러낸 것으로 紅疹이 그만큼 소아과 질환에 있어서 중요한 질환 중 하나로 바뀌어 있었다는 점과 이에 대한 인식에 변화가 있었다는 것을 알 수 있다. Objectives : The publication of a specialized medical text on a specific disease at a specific time means that the disease which had broken out previously has become a problem throughout society. In this paper, changes in perception of the pediatric infectious diseases Douchuang(痘瘡, smallpox) and Mazhen(麻疹) were examined in the medical texts, the Donguibogam, Jejungsinpyeon, Yaksandang Sinjip Uibang Geumnangjibo, and the Uijongboik. Methods : Entries on Mazhen are brief within the Donguibogam which was published before its pandemic, while in the Jejungsinpyeon, which was published after Joseon had experienced the pandemic, understanding of the disease is rather insufficient. In the text Yaksandang Sinjip Uibang Geumnangjibo, which was published in the early 19th century, there is an abundance of personal accounts on the treatment of Douchuang and Mazhen. In the Uijongboik, various treatment methods of Douchuang and Mazhen could be found. Results & Conclusions : These findings could be interpreted as reflecting a development in medical knowledge of Hongzhen(紅疹) after years of experience dealing with the disease, which had been insufficient in the past as could be found in private medical texts written after the great Hongyi(紅疫, measles) pandemic had already passed. In that time Hongzhen(紅疹) had become one of the most important pediatric diseases, and peoples’ perspectives had also changed accordingly.