Multimodality and cognitive mechanisms: A cognitive-semantics analysis of political cartoons <stay out of my hair>

권익수,권익수,Jung Hwi Roh 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어연구 Vol.35 No.1

This paper aims to explore multimodality within a framework of cognitive semantics by conducting a case study of political cartoons <stay out of my hair> with special focus on the optimal manifestations of conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson 1999) and blends (Fauconnier 1997) in them. It looks into the cartoons which have been published from January to August in 2017 to illustrate escalating tensions over the issue of developing nuclear weapons in North Korea between North Korea and the United States after Donald Trump was elected president of the United States. Total 26 relevant cartoons were collected from multiple public webpages, which use the original hairstyles of the political figures to satirize their political actions or to show conflicts and their unpleasant emotions. This study provides a qualitative analysis of five selected cartoons that represent the sub-types to clarify how hair constitutes the overall construal of the cartoon within a framework of cognitive semantics. It supports the claim that cognitive mechanisms such as conceptual metaphor and blending are not confined to verbal artefacts, but they are pervasive in multimodal manifestations since multimodal data as well as linguistic data are outcomes of human cognition (Dancygier and Vandelanotte 2017).

How do Koreans break and cut things?: A cognitive-semantics approach to BREAK predicates and CUT predicates in Korean

권익수 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.1

The aim of this paper is to explore the semantic properties and distributions of the various predicates involving cutting and breaking in Korean. I show that both CUT and BREAK predicates are sensitive to the characteristics of the theme entity. CUT predicates are sensitive to the theme’s texture and shape, to the prototypical zone of separation, and to its semantic domain. The BREAK predicates are sensitive to the theme’s texture and shape and to whether it is a functional artifact. In terms of morphosyntax, the CUT and BREAK predicates in Korean are lexically transitive; it is possible to express intransitive and/or inchoative semantics by using a passive marker or the anticausative marker. In the agent-focused constructions, i.e., actives, the BREAK verbs may be used with or without the causative morpheme -ttuli- (The CUT verbs are not normally marked for causativity). In the theme-focused constructions, i.e., passives and middles, either the anticausative morpheme -eci- or one of the passive morphemes must be used; the passive markers may only be used with CUT verbs, while the anticausative marker may be used with either. Some of the breaking predicates contain the completive auxiliary nay-, which overtly encodes that an action has been completed – in this case, that complete separation has occurred. Some of the other predicates entail that some particular result state, i.e. some particular type of separation, has occurred.

정신공간 이론의 회고와 전망

권익수 담화·인지언어학회 2019 담화와 인지 Vol.26 No.4

This paper aims to overview major issues of Mental-Spaces Theory and to introduce a theory of Discourse Viewpoint Space which takes seriously cognizers’ viewpoints and their dynamic interaction in the construal. The overview briefs retrospectively on how the theoretical framework has evolved to account for backstage cognition and emergently constructed meaning in various linguistic phenomena such as referential opacity, tense, compound blends, conditionals, causality, and irony. This paper shows that the evolution of the approach intends to answer the demand that viewpoint interactions be transparently accounted for. As an example of the directionality of the evolution, Discourse Viewpoint Space is introduced with outstanding examples from multimodal data (image + text) as well as from linguistic data.

Mental Spaces in the Korean Reportive/Quotative Evidentiality Marker -Ay

권익수 담화·인지언어학회 2011 담화와 인지 Vol.18 No.2

Kwon, Iksoo. 2011. Mental spaces in the Korean reportive/quotative evidentiality marker -ay. Discourse and Cognition 18:2, 23-50. This paper explores functional properties and distributions of Korean reportive and quotative evidentiality marker –ay. I argue that the attempt to explain -ay only in terms of a syntactic constraint fails, because the marker’s function is a matter of (inter)subjective semantics that arises from complex interactions among the multiple viewpoints that are involved. In this vein, within the framework of Mental Spaces Theory (Fauconnier 1994, 1997), this study shows that we can explain examples that are beyond syntactic constraints as well as canonical examples of the construction in a unified way. To provide cognitively motivated accounts, I argued that the Evidentiality construction requires another way of space building because of the presuppositional characteristic of information that the construction accommodates. I called it Presuppositional Space Accommodation and explored how it works for the Korean Evidentiality construction. (University of California, Berkeley)

Construing Korean Proverb ‘Arms Bend Inward’ through Property Selection Processes

권익수 한국언어학회 2012 언어 Vol.37 No.3

Proverbs assert their veracity about social and moral matters by linking features of generic social situations to mundane and individual human affairs. This paper focuses on the generic-to-specific mapping in the construal, exploring how a generic statement such as a proverb is used and understood in a relevant specific context. Particularly, this paper aims to revisit Lakoff and Turner’s (1989) model, GENERIC IS SPECIFIC metaphor and to show that the model itself does not fully explicate which properties of the source domain are picked and mapped onto their counterparts in the target domain. Rather, it merely provides a pool of relevant inferences and entailments for the generic statement. This paper argues that property selection process (Ibarretxe-Antuñano 1997) enables us to transparently explain the processes of construing a proverb; if we are able to characterize the domain of experience that constitutes the source domain in terms of selection processes, it will constrain the semantic extensions that occur in the corresponding target domain. This paper analyzes the Korean proverb phalun anulo kwupnunta ‘arms bend inward,’ roughly equivalent to saying in English, charity begins at home, as a case study and shows that the selection process helps to provide motivated accounts of how proverbs are construed.

Medicine for Shoes and Lanterns: The Semantic Network of Yak ‘medicine’ in Korean

권익수 담화·인지언어학회 2017 담화와 인지 Vol.24 No.1

This paper explores various meanings of the Korean word yak ‘medicine’ or ‘chemical product’; specifically, I explore its uses in the compound structure of X+yak. The candidates for the element X are words denoting the product’s substance, shape, function, beneficiary, things that it gets rid of, and the manner in which it is used. I argue that the various meanings of yak accounted for in its uses in compounds form a polysemous semantic network because of their conceptual relatedness. The radial category of yak can be understood only in a semantic frame in which humans produce the substance in order to create effects on something or somebody. This paper further discusses how conceptual metaphor and metonymy are critical cognitive mechanisms involved in the formation of yak’s semantic network, This paper explores various meanings of the Korean word yak ‘medicine’ or ‘chemical product’; specifically, I explore its uses in the compound structure of X+yak. The candidates for the element X are words denoting the product’s substance, shape, function, beneficiary, things that it gets rid of, and the manner in which it is used. I argue that the various meanings of yak accounted for in its uses in compounds form a polysemous semantic network because of their conceptual relatedness. The radial category of yak can be understood only in a semantic frame in which humans produce the substance in order to create effects on something or somebody. This paper further discusses how conceptual metaphor and metonymy are critical cognitive mechanisms involved in the formation of yak’s semantic network.

Multilayered meaning constructions, viewpoint, and mental-spaces: Some case studies

권익수 사단법인 한국언어학회 2020 한국언어학회 학술대회지 Vol.2020 No.8

군대 수신호에 나타난 도상성과 개념적 은유 분석

권익수,이정은,전진리,박영은 담화·인지언어학회 2015 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

HVDC 슬립 온형 기중 종단접속함에 대한 열 영향 반영 DC 전계 특성 평가

권익수,황재상,구재홍,사카모토 쿠니아키,이방욱,Kwon, Ik-Soo,Hwang, Jae-Sang,Koo, Jae-Hong,Sakamoto, Kuniaki,Lee, Bang-Wook 한국전력공사 2015 KEPCO Journal on electric power and energy Vol.1 No.1

A outdoor termination installed at the outdoor substation is required to connect undergroud cables and overhead transmission lines. The joint box for AC transmission system is already developed and widely used to interconnect overhead and undergroud systems. But the development of the joint box for DC transmission system was only introduced from China and Japan, but theire developemnt staus and core technologies were not fully reported. In order to implement HVDC systems connecting ovehead transmission lines and undergroud cables, a outdoor termination should be developed, but the detailed specifications and information of this device were not reported. It is estimated that the development of the joint box for DC environment has some technical obstacles including insulating materials, electric field mitigation, thermal temperature rise, and space charge accumuations. Among this, the most important one is the DC elctrical insualtion design. Therefore, in order to investigate the DC elctrical insualton design of outdoor termination, the design of AC slip-on type outdoor termination is reffered, and DC electric field analysis performed to verify the possiblity of application of AC joint box into DC joint box. Especially for DC electric field analysis, temperature rise of insualting materials of a joint box was considered, because the conductivity of materials could be changed due to temperature rise. Furthermore, DC electric field analysis considering transinet state, and polarity reversal state were also investigated to verify which state is the most severe condition for the DC joint box. From the simualtion resulsts, it was shown that the value and the position of maximum electric field was obtained comparing AC state, DC state without temperaure rise, and DC state with temperaure rise. And it was confimred that severe DC electric field was observed considing temperaure rise. Finally, in order to reduce DC eletric field intensifation, different configuration of the joint box was applied and it was not possible to obtain satisfactory results. It means that the slight change of configuration of AC joint box was not the suitable soluton for DC joint box. It is essential to establish novel DC insulaton design skills and method for DC joint box to commercialze this product in the near future.

한국어 종결어미 ‘-네’의 의미 재고찰: 정경숙(2012)에 대한 다른 생각

권익수 한국언어학회 2013 언어 Vol.38 No.1

This squib aims to pose a different stance toward the controversy over the grammatical identity of the Korean sentence-terminal suffix -ney discussed in previous research. This paper, particularly, revisits Chung's (2012) research on -ney, which claims that it is neither a firsthand evidential marker nor an epistemic marker, but that it functions more like a mirativity marker with an extra function of objectifying the proposition in question. I agree with Chung's argument that -ney's grammatical identity is not a firsthand evidential marker because the marker is freely used with other types of evidential semantics. This paper argues, however, that -ney is a strongly-positive epistemic modal marker for the following reasons: (1) -ney necessarily indicates that the speaker asserts the truth of the focal proposition with a strong belief of the truth; (2) it is not clear how her functional category of spatial deictic tense differs from the functional category of evidentiality and how it interacts with other tense, aspect, and modal categories in the verbal complex in Korean.