地理授業設計에 따른 GIS 基礎課程 敎育 프로그램案

강철성 한국 지리·환경 교육학회 1997 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The birth of GIS is recognized as the succesful completion of a research project at Harvard University in the 1960s. Since GIS is introduced to Korea in the 1980s, demand for GIS professionals began to increase, too. In accordance with this, it is necessary for the students to teach fundamental principles and the concepts of GIS through an effective GIS educational program in geography. Particularly, GIS education in basic course should be focused on the overall GIS education, rather than on the specific s/w-oriented skill education. and the basic program is taught as one trend of geographical methodologies. Since GIS has been developed by integration of various academic backgrounds, there exist a lot of difficulties in applying GIS by confining it only to the field of geography. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to introduce diverse teaching methods, strategies by exrerts in GIS. and it is recommended to exchange information between colleges, share facilities, joint efforts, and instructional design. Consequently, this syllabus in the curriculum can be applied to GIS educational program in basic course.

남한의 동·하계 인체보온지수 분포의 특성

강철성 한국 지리·환경 교육학회 1998 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Clothing has been designed to a much greater extent by fashion and by technological developments in industry than by any scientific analysis of the heat exchange allowed by clothing between the wearer and his environment. However, requirements to maximize survival time, extend performance time and improve the general comfort of human exposed to extremes of Arctic, desert or tropic environments have required the development of a multi-disciplinary, multi-level program at the laboratory in America, Europe. These scientific analyses, essential to deal with environmental extremes and to evaluate the relative contributions of various factors to thermal aspects of clothing comfort. The purpose of this study is to show do-distribution pattern in South Korea based on insulation unit by the heat flow equations. The do-distribution pattern to average temperature and average wind speed are analyzed to produce the heat flow equations from which average human reactions to the climatic factors can be deduced Clo-values for each Weather Forecast Offices(1961 -1990) and Weather Observation Stations (1973-1990) are calculated based on 10-days normals data, do-values for the 67 stations are constructed to show how man tend to wear clothing in various areas. The results of study are as follows; In winter, the do-values show two characteristic pattern on the insulation, Thegwallong regions has the highest do-values while Sogwipo has the lowest in South Korea, and coastal areas are higher than in the interior areas, Coastal areas of the East Sea are lower than coastal areas of the Yellow Sea at the same latitude. This regional distribution is a result of predominant temperature, wind speed and orographic effects of high mountainous regions. Especially, the lowest do-values is calculated in South Korea show in the middle of January. The characteristics of this phenomena are associated with strength of Siberian High. In the early summer rainy season(Changma), the do-values is very high in the Taegwallong regions and the Southern interior regions due to the influence of the orographic effects or the altitude. Particularly coastal areas are generally higher than interior areas because of the sea-land breezing. In the hot summer, the do-values of the Taegwallong and the Southwestern regions are higher than any other regions in South Korea. Another characteristic trait that stands out on the map is the fact that the coastal areas are always higher than the adjacent coastal areas except central areas. All regions except the Taegwallong regions and Central interior regions have been the low values during the period from the early of August to the middle of August. These are largely derived from the stable weather with the highest temperature, humidity and strong radiation by the North Pacific Anticyclone appears in Eastern Asia. Finally, the heat flow equations presented are valuable tools in clothing design and such evaluations are desirable in studies of the man-clothing-job-environment system for ordinary clothing, as well as for advanced clothing systems with artificial environmental conditioning. For the detailed evaluations of the thermal protection, the experimental study should be carried out in the laboratory and climatic chambers.

기후단원에서 교수설계안 적용에 관한 사례연구

강철성 대한지리학회 2007 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

본 정성적 연구는 켐프(Kemp)의 모델을 원용하여 기후단원에서 우리나라 주변의 기단에 관한 교수 설계과정을 적용하여 구성하였다. 교수설계란 교수방법들을 이해하고 개선하고 적용해 보려는 데 관심을 두고 있는 학문영역이다. 교수설계과정을 수행하기 위한 4가지 기본요소가 있는데, 그것은 학습자와 학습목표, 교수방법, 평가이다. 각 요소들은 상호 연결되어 있으며, 교수설계과정안 구성에 필수적이다. 다음으로 중요한 것은 교수설계계획안의 8개 기본 요소가 있는데, 화제 및 학습목적, 학습자 특성, 학습 목표, 학습주제 내용, 사전 검사, 교수/학습 활동 및 자원, 학습지원 서비스, 평가로 구성되어 있다. 본고에서는 이러한 요소를 적용하여 주제인 기단을 중심으로 교수설계과정을 구성하였다. 오직 유일한 교수설계과정은 존재할 수 없다. 교사는 학습자의 특성, 학습상황에 적합한 교수설계과정을 변화시켜 수업에 활용하는 것이 필요하다. This qualitative study is to apply the instructional design process in the unit of climatology by Kemp’s model. This process established a way to examine instructional problems and needs, sets a procedure for solving them, and then evaluates the results. Instructional design is the procedure used to implement this process. But instructional development procedure is used to direct and control projects, while the instructional design procedure is used to plan courses. Key elements of the instructional design process consist of the basic four, students, objectives, methods, evaluations. These elements are interrelated and could conceivably comprise an entire instructional design plan. Next, eight elements of the instructional design process necessary for a comprehensive design plan. The eight elements are topics and general purposes, student characteristics, learning objectives, subject content, pre-test, teaching/learning activities and resources, support services, evaluation. Finally, all these I would not as fundamental objections to the model, but modifications to it brought about by the particular circumstances of the teacher and his students.

지도 활용을 통한 IDEAL 학습 지도안 사례

강철성 한국지도학회 2004 학술발표대회 Vol.2004 No.1

기후도를 활용한 문제해결 교수-학습 프로그램 사례연구

강철성 한국지도학회 2005 한국지도학회지 Vol.5 No.1

지도는 학습정보를 장기간에 걸쳐 기억하게 해주는 기능 뿐만 아니라 자연현상 및 인문현상을 비교적 짧은 기간에 비교할 수 있다. 따라서 지도는 지리학습에서 매우 중요하고, 기본적인 도구라고 할 수 있다. 이 논문은 기후도를 통하여 탐구 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 문제해결 기법을 원용하여 교수-학습 지도안을 작성하였다. 이 모형을 이용하면 교사들은 교수활동을 효율적으로 설계하고, 학습자의 이해를 보다 흥미있게 증진시키게 될 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 학생들의 수행평가를 수행하는데 좋은 평가도구가 되리라 사료된다. Maps are vital tools for use by teachers and students in the geography classroom. The purpose of this article is to develop concrete teaching programs for teacher' lesson plan and to suggest the framework which facilitates teaching methods through the climatic maps in geography. In the problem-solving technique, the steps are identification of the problem, definition of the problem. exploration of possible solution. After exploring possibility strategies. problem solver act on their ideas and look for the effects of their actions on the problem, In this study, I develop geography lesson plan for the problem-solving technique which is necessary to help students understand more easily. I think that this article can be a good tool for geography teachers who are going to evaluate performance assessment.

미국 인디언 회화에 나타난 날씨 현상에 대한 해석

강철성 건국대학교 기후연구소 2013 기후연구 Vol.8 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and interpret weather phenomenon of American indian paintings. From earliest times, visual artists of many cultures have found inspiration for enduring works in weather and the cycle of the seasons. Sun and clouds, violent storms, rains, and snowfalls have been used by painters to evoke an array of human moods, to mirror human actions. Representations of weather in all its variety have also been to express ideals of beauty and ideas about the moral and physical relationships between humans and the natural world. Particularly, Indian painting was already an ancient art when Spanish conquistadors forded the Rio Grande and moved into the American Southwest. For untold centuries aboriginal artists had expressed their reactions to their native land in pictures carved in rock, engraved on bone, painted on hides, wood, pottery, and cotton cloth-even drawn in colored sand. I consider that the typical Indian painting is imaginative, symbolic, two-dimensional. Its style may vary from supernatural to abstract. Subjects range from archaic religious symbols to portrayals of everyday life, from stylized landscapes to spirited hunting scenes. Painters are continually inventing ways to combine symbols of sky, harvest, or life forms, or to depict a certain dance, events. Eventually, Indian paintings in the exhibition derive from the ancient Indian traditions, and both in subject matter and manner of execution make a valuable and unique contribution to the body of creative art in America.

풍향별 바람특성에 대한 검토 : 문헌을 중심으로

강철성 건국대학교 기후연구소 2006 기후연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 글은 풍향별 바람 특성과 국지풍 바람에 의한 나타나는 질병을 문헌을 중심으로 검토하였다. 치눅은 눈먹는 바람이라 알려져 있다. 19세기 말 미국 몬태나에서 수분 내에 약 영하 -7.2℃에서 약 1.1℃로 온도가 올라가 12시간 내에 약 76cm의 눈을 녹였다고 한다. 이처럼 바람은 세계 곳곳에서 그 특성을 발휘하며, 주위의 환경을 변화시킨다. 바람의 역사는 바람이 부는 시기와 풍향에 수반되는 인류 건강의 역사로 간주할 수 있다. 특정 지역에서 고온의 서풍이 불게 되면 두통이나 피로감, 온난한 남풍이 불면 혈액 응고시간의 단축, 동풍이 불면 간질 등이 유발된다고 알려져 있다. 또한 바람은 피부 신경 반응계의 자극제로 작용한다. 인체의 피부 가까이에는 얇은 공기막이 존재하는데, 풍속이 강할 때는 공기막이 얇아진다, 그리고 풍속이 강할 때는 인간의 감정과 에너지가 강화된다. 즉. 뇌졸증 발작이나 경색증이 유발하고 혈압이 올라가게 된다. 고온 건조한 바람이 부는 경우에 세로토닌의 증가 아드레날린의 감소 등을 관찰할 수가 있다. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature of wind characteristics in wind direction, local winds, the heath consequences of wind. The snow-eater, a wind known as the chinook, once thermometer soaring from -7.2℃ to 1.1℃, melting 76cm of snow in 12hours. The history of wind is also a history of health disorders that accompany or foretell the onset and direction of winds. Evidence points to these associations: exhaustion with warm westerlies, shortened bloodcoagulation times with warm southerlies, epilepsy with easterlies, heart attacks with prevailing southerlies, headaches with warm westerlies, suicides with tropical storms. Winds are a variable stimulus to the skin’s nerve receptors that complements normal heat loss. A skin of air, which normally clings to body, becomes thinner the greater the wind speed. At high wind speeds, emotions and human energy are intensified, as are vascular accidents. Blood pressure is elevated. Hot, dry winds trigger irritability and exhaustions, increased serotonin, diminished adrenaline, and other changes.

불쾌지수에 의한 남한의 기후지역 구분

강철성 충북대학교 교육개발연구소 2010 한국교육논총 Vol.31 No.3

본 논문에서는 인간생활에 기본이 되는 온도, 상대습도를 기초로 한 불쾌지수를 계산하여 남한의 온열감 분포의 특성과 기후형을 파악하여 기후지역을 구분하였다. 연구방법은 설문지 조사를 통하여 불쾌지수 공식을 이용, 계절별 온열감 지수를 계산하였다. 분석 결과 온열감의 지역적 차이는 위도 및 고도, 지형적 요인, 기단체계에 따른 영향으로 나타났다. 계절별 온열감 지수분포는 대체로 남동, 남서쪽으로 갈수록 해안에서 내륙으로 갈수록 기후스트레스가 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 이러한 원인으로 동계의 추위 스트레스와 하계의 열 스트레스가 높기 때문에 나타나는 현상이다. 생리기후형은 쾌적함(M), 극히무더움(ES). 쾌적함-극히 무더움(M-ES), 쾌적함-무더움(M-S), 더움-극히 무더움(S-ES), 서늘함-극히 무더움(C-ES), 서늘함-쾌적함(C-M), 서늘함-쾌적함-극히 무더움(C-M-ES) 유형으로 총 8개의 기후형으로 구분되었다. 온난개월 수에 의한 남한의 기후지역은 모두 5개의 기후지역으로 구분되고, 그 특성은 다음과 같다. 남한 지역은 전적으로 열 스트레스가 우세하게 나타났고, 그 정도는 북쪽에서 남쪽으로 해안에서 내륙으로 갈수록 높아지고 있다. 이는 기온분포가 고위도에서 저위도로 감에 따라 점차로 높아지고, 지형의 영향이 크기 때문이다. 또한 해안 지역의 등치선이 해안과 평행하게 달리고 있는데, 이는 해안의 영향 및 산지의 형태와 지형적 요인에 기인한다.

창조적 집단사고 활동을 위한 지리수업 구조화 : 아프리카 기후와 식생을 중심으로

강철성 한국 지리·환경 교육학회 1999 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this article is to develop instructional programs for teachers' lesson plan and to suggest the framework which facilitates teaching methods in Geography. Brainstorming is a technique for generating ideas and stimulating meaningful discussion and problem-solving activity. In this technique the leader introduces a topic or problem and asks group members for their ideas, solutions, or comments. Group members respond with whatever comes to mind-no holds are barred. All comments, no matter how farfetched, are accepted and recorded, anonymously, on the board or on a transparency. No discussion or comments on the various contributions are allowed until all the group members have expressed every idea that they can think of, for the purpose of the brainstorming session is to get as many ideas as possible on the floor. Later in a discussion the members may cull the responses and decide next steps, but during the brainstorming there should be no restrains except those of decency and decorum. The ideas generated make excellent springboards for discussion, research, problem solving, small group, and other inquiry and discovery techniques. In this study, I develop geography lesson plan for the brainstorming method which is necessary to help students understand more easily. By using this model, teachers can design their instructional activities more efficiently and increase student's understanding. Particularly, I think that this article can be a good tool for geography teachers who are going to evaluate performance assessment.

한국의 자연환경과 생활문화의 특성

강철성 淸州大學校 師範大學 地理敎育學科 2009 淸州地理 Vol.21 No.-

본 논문은 한국의 자연환경이 한민족 문화에 미친 영향을 기후와 지형을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 특히 한국의 생활문화에의 영향을 보았을 때, 우리 조상들은 과학적으로 기후ㆍ지형 환경에 대응하여 고유의 문화를 창조하였다. 과학이 발달하고 현대화된 오늘날에 우리 민족의 의ㆍ식ㆍ주생활은 대부분 서구화 되었지만 많은 새로운 문제점이 야기되기도 한다. 즉 에너지 소비, 환경오염, 건강, 질병 등의 문제로 자연적인 전통적 의ㆍ식ㆍ주생활의 과학성을 능가하지는 못한다. 또한 인간 활동에 의한 지형환경의 개발은 도시경관과 촌락 경관을 훼손시키기 때문에 앞으로는 생태적으로 지속 가능한 개발로 전환되어야 할 것이다. 우리의 전통적 생활문화는 한국의 기후ㆍ지형환경에 대응한 슬기롭고 뿌리 깊은 것임을 인식하고, 그 전통을 유지하여야 한다