어깨질환을 동반한 노인 휠체어 사용자의 푸쉬림 동력보조휠체어 구동 특성 분석

강정선,허윤,남기태,홍응표,김규석,장윤희 한국재활복지공학회 2018 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

This study was to analyze upper limb motion, muscle activity, and energy expenditure characteristics of elderly wheelchair users with shoulder pain during push-rim activated power assisted wheelchair driving. As a result, when the push-rim power assisted wheelchair was propelled, the range of motion of the shoulder joint and the elbow joint was improved symmetrically than that of the manual wheelchair, and the excessive activity of the triceps brachii and pectoralis major muscle was reduced by 64.9% and 39%, respectively. In addition, energy consumption was also confirmed by decreasing the oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production by 35.3% and 23.4%, respectively, compared to the manual wheelchair. The push-rim power assisted wheelchair can reduce the asymmetric upper limb load on both sides and prevent secondary shoulder injury. 본 연구는 어깨 통증이 있는 노인 휠체어 사용자를 대상으로 푸쉬림 동력보조휠체어 구동 시, 상지 동작, 근활성도 및 에너지소모도 특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 푸쉬림 동력보조휠체어 추진 시 수동휠체어보다 양측의 견관절과 주관절 가동범위가 대칭적으로 개선되었으며, 환측 상완삼두근과 대흉근의 과도한 활성도가 각각 64.9%와 39% 감소하였다. 또한 수동휠체어보다 산소섭취량과 이산화탄소 생성량도 각각 35.3%와 23.4% 감소함으로써 에너지 효율성도 확인하였다. 푸쉬림 동력보조휠체어는 양측의 비대칭적인 상지 부하를 감소시켜 이차적으로 발생할 수 있는 어깨 손상을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

言語分析과 英語讀書指導 小考

강정선 서울市立大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

Although the concept of language parsing varies according to different perspectives, language parsing is still considered an important activity in th field of psycholinguistics. Psycholinguistic research on the relationship between general cognitive abilities and those of language comprehension tries to prove what strategies are operated in our mental processes, particularly in our perception and comprehension, memory and production of language. To such an extent that the results of psycholinguistic hypotheses and tests are very useful to language teaching, especially for the teaching of listening and reading. In this paper a brief survey was made on some language parsing strategies proposed by Bever, Frazier, Clark and Kimball and at the same time some of the applications of these strategies for ESL/EFL reading are observed. In parssing a language, some insist that only the independence of syntactic processiong is necessary. Others place emphasis on the reader's schema or frame of background knowledge, from which the reader retrieves the meaning of what he is reading. Still others insist that reading is an interactive activity of all information ranging from syntactic, semantic to contextual clues with parsing strategies. After all, it is to be noticed that both the types of language materials and the levels of students play an important part in operating parsing strategies. Good reading comes from an interaction of conceptual abilities, background knowledge and process strategies. As much as a teacher plays a role in helping students build up their power of parsing a language on many dimensions.

On the Mechanisms of Cultural Change From the Point of View of the Mechanisms of Linguistic Change

姜丁仙 德成女子大學校 1972 德成女大論文集 Vol.1 No.-

言語야 말로 文化의 核心的인 要素라고 해도 과언은 아니다. 왜냐하면 [言語의 始發은 人類文化의 始發]이었기 때문이다. 그러나 때로 많은 사람들은 言語란 文化와 別個인양 다루고 있으며 더욱이 文化를 構造的 組織性이 缺한 一連의 文化的 要素(culture traits) 혹은 人間의 行爲(acts)와 그의 文化的 所産(artifacts)의 總體라고만 論하고 있다. 그러나 事實 人間과 그의 言語를 除外한 人間文化란 상상 할수도 없는 것이며 深層的 組織性을 缺한 有意體로서의 文化란 存在 할수도 없는 것이다. 더욱이 時間과 空間의 制約을 벗어나서 살수 없는 人間이고 文化이기 때문에 文化란 言語와 마찬가지로 一種의 開放組織體(open system)로서 生成變遷되고 있는 것이다. 여기서 바로 文化의 多樣한 變遷作用이 나타나게 된다. 지금까지 文化變遷에 關한 硏究는 대개 同化作用(accultruation), 進化作用(evolution), 그리고 傳播作用(diffusion)의 세가지로 大別될 수 있으나 모두가 個別 民族文化의 우월감을 탈피못한 [上位文化->下位文化)] 혹은 [等位文化↔等位文化] 式의 說明限界를 벗어나고 있지 않은 것 같다. 따라서 필자는 언어와 文化의 相對的인 關係와 文化의 여러 變遷作用을 共時的 理論에 基底를 둔 通時的 言語學 理論- 特히 言語變遷作用-에 입각해서 보다 자세히 硏究를 試圖해 보았다.

대학입학 영어고사에 관한 연구

강정선 서울市立大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Language testing has been developed commensurate to the advances of related theories-communicative language competence, language acquisition, psychology and measurement. After all we are bound to make a critical review of our English language testing in Korea and to work out a better way of language testing. An imperative of this critical study is further articulated by the proposed college entrance examination to be in effect from 1994. According to the plan, the scholarstic aptitude test (SAT) will take the place of the conventional college entrance examination. To construct an appropriate model of language testing, the washback effect of which immediately falls on the methods of language teaching in general, the following points are discussed. Communicative language ability models are reviewed, such as Oller's, Canale and Swain's and Bachman's. Of which Bachman's model is regarded as the most comprehensive and specific one in the 1990s. To demonstrate the test types of communicative language ability, criterion-referenced test(CRT) and norm-referenced test(NRT) are discussed together with a comparison of TOEFL and Cambridge tests which are large scale proficiency batteries based on norm-referenced test. Also presented is the "prochievement testing", which is one of the latest topics of interest in language testing. In conclusion, it is recommended that our English testing be reoriented to the valid and reliable prochievement testing based on CRT and NRT.

「영어의 Parasitic Gap 구조에 관하여」

姜丁仙 서울市立大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

Discussed in this paper are some functionally determined properties of parasitic gaps, constraints on the parasitic gap constructions and problems that are unexplained even in the GB frameworks. PG is one of the three types of EC(empty categories); that is, PRO, NP-trace, and variables. PG is licensed if and only if some conditions are given in a specific construction. Comparing the interpretations of the properties of PG by Chomsky and Engdahl, it is considered that Chomsky'.s way of interpreting the PG phenomenon is far more comprehensive, because complex properties of the parasitic gaps are explicated by the general principles of UG(universal grammar). It is also significant to notice that the study of parasitic gaps plays a probing role in testing the priciples of GB frame-works: Government Theory, Binding Theory, θ-Theory, Case Theory, etc.

국산 마이크로프로세서 의지 무릎 개발에 따른 대퇴절단자의 보행 효율성 분석: 예비연구

강정선,김규석,장윤희 한국재활복지공학회 2022 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

The microprocessor Controlled Prosthetic Knee(MPK), which controls knee flexion and extension by applying a microprocessor control system to the prosthetic leg, provides more comfortable and stable walking than the Mechanical Prosthetic Knee(MK). In this study, energy efficiency during walking was analyzed to verify the performance of products according to the development of domestic MPK. The difference in walking speed and oxygen cost between a MK and MPK in normal flat and functional ground environments was compared in two unilateral transfemoral amputees. As a result of the study, the walking speed increased by 31.26% in MPK compared to MK when walking on normal flat ground at self-selected walking speed, and oxygen cost decreased by 23.53%. In addition, when walking in a functional ground environment, walking speed increased by 11.54% in MPK than in MK, and oxygen cost decreased by 34.16%. Both flat and functional ground gait showed high gait efficiency in MPK, and stable control of MPK induced more comfortable and natural gait in patients with transfemoral amputation, and oxygen cost, which means net energy cost, seems to have improved. The improvement of walking efficiency is thought to be helpful in reducing physical fatigue when walking in amputees, and the results of this study will be used as basic data for domestic MPK development and validation. 의지 무릎에 마이크로프로세서 제어 시스템을 적용하여 무릎의 굴곡과 신전을 제어하는 마이크로프로세서 제어 의지 무릎(MPK)은 기계식 의지 무릎(MK)보다 편안하고 안정된 보행을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 국산 MPK 개발에 따른 제품의 성능을 검증하고자 보행 중 에너지 효율성을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 편측 대퇴절단자 2명을 대상으로 일반 평지와 기능적 지면 환경에서 각각 기계식 의지 무릎과 마이크로프로세서 의지 무릎 간 보행속도와 산소비용의 차이를 비교하였다. 연구결과, 자신이 선택한 보행속도로 일반 평지보행 시 MK보다 MPK에서 보행속도가 31.26% 증가하였으며, 산소비용은 23.53% 감소하였다. 또한 기능적 지면 환경 보행 시 MK보다 MPK에서 보행속도가 11.54% 증가하였으며, 산소비용은 34.16% 감소하였다. 일반평지보행과 기능적 보행 모두 MPK에서 보행 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, MPK의 안정된 제어가 대퇴절단자의 보행을 좀 더 편하고 자연스럽게 유도하면서 순 에너지 비용을 의미하는 산소비용이 향상된 것으로 보인다. 보행 효율성의 향상은 절단자의 보행 중 신체 피로도의 감소에 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며, 본 연구결과는 국내 MPK 개발 및 효과성 검증을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

시각적 피드백을 이용한 수동휠체어 주행훈련 시스템의 생리적 및 기계적 효율성 분석

강정선,홍응표,김규석,장윤희 한국재활복지공학회 2022 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

Wheelchair propulsion exercise is a beneficial aerobic exercise for wheelchair users who are easily exposed to metabolic or cardiovascular diseases due to lack of exercise. However, simple and repetitive indoor wheelchair propulsion exercise on a wheelchair treadmill gives users boredom and making it difficult to continue exercising for a long time. Recently, the development of an exercise system that adds interest and fun by using virtual reality technology is in progress. Therefore, our research institute developed a virtual reality-based non-immersive wheelchair driving training system that provides visual feedback during wheelchair propulsion. In this study, the difference in physiological and mechanical efficiency according to the provision of visual feedback during wheelchair propulsion was compared and analyzed for 10 people with spinal cord injury and lower extremity amputation. As a results of the study, under condition of visual feedback, the heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption, and respiration rate per minute significantly increased(p<.05) as the wheelchair driving speed and propulsion frequency increased by 36.5% and 12.4%, respectively, and it was confirmed that the force transmission efficiency in the traveling direction during wheel propulsion significantly increased. In the state where visual feedback was provided, the subject proceeded with more active wheel propulsion, which is consequently interpreted as improving the mechanical efficiency and physiological factors for wheel propulsion. Providing visual feedback during wheelchair treadmill exercise is expected to help improve exercise efficiency of wheelchair users. 운동부족으로 인해 대사성 또는 심혈관 질환에 노출되기 쉬운 휠체어 사용 장애인들에게 휠체어 추진 운동은 유익한 유산소 운동이다. 그러나 실내 휠체어 트레드밀 위에서 수행되는 단순·반복적인 휠체어 추진 운동은 사용자에게 지루함을 유발하여 장시간 지속적인 운동을 어렵게 만든다. 최근에는 가상현실 기술을 활용하여 흥미와 재미를 추가한 운동 시스템의 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구소에서는 휠체어 추진 운동 중 시각적 피드백이 제공되는 가상현실 기반의 비몰입형 휠체어 주행훈련시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 척수손상과 하지절단으로 인한 휠체어 사용자 10명을 대상으로, 휠체어 추진 시 시각적 피드백의 제공 유무에 따른 생리적 및 기계적 효율성의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과, 시각적 피드백이 제공된 상태에서 휠체어 주행 속도와 추진 빈도가 각각 36.5%, 12.4% 증가하면서 휠체어 주행 중 심박수, 최대 산소 소비량 및 분당 호흡률이 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.05), 휠 추진 시 직진 방향의 힘 전달 효율이 유의하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 시각적 피드백이 제공된 상태에서 피험자는 보다 활동적인 휠 추진을 진행하였고, 이는 결과적으로 휠 추진에 대한 기계적 효율성과 생리적 요인을 향상시킨 것으로 해석된다. 휠체어 트레드밀 운동 시 시각적 피드백의 제공은 휠체어 사용자의 운동 효율성을 향상시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

영여수동구문의 GB이론적 해석

姜丁仙 서울市立大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Discussed in this paper are types of English passive constructions-syntactic passives and lexical passives, and some interpretations on the passives of Wasow, Anderson and Chomsky. Wasow explains passives in terms of theme and controller from the lexical redundancy rule; Anderson, the Theme-Rule; Chomsky, in terms of Move-α, the Case-Filter, θ-criterion and government based on his GB theory. Wasow and Anderson's explanations are adequate for their data given, but Chomsky's proposal, based on his modular GB theory, is more adequate and explanatory, since the adequacy is indicated from the explanation of ungrammatical passives as well as grammatical ones.

영어 Idiom의 특성과 교수방법

姜丁仙 서울市立大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Discussed in this paper is the typological-structural nature of English idioms for TEFL from the standpoint of formational characteristics with respect to categorical patterns, types, and situations. In the first chapter, therefore, the author has brought into relief the importance of idioms and/or idiomatic expressions in the teaching of English as a foreing language by pointing out the fact that “idiom”or “idiom formation”is one of the essential design features of the English laguage. A typological-structural study on the formation of idioms was made in the second chapter in terms of the “defining context”for idioms and the productivity of language patterns. Nevertheless, the focal point of the discussion is placed on the feasibility of teching English idioms as an integral part of the language activities to the Korean students, which is the main concern of the third chapter. In conclusion, the author has maintained that idioms or idiomatic expressions should be treated with more emphasis than today as we treat all those grammatical cores or lexical items. For, after all, idioms are those important units of language that make our communication as more real and lively as it is.

간동맥 화학색전술 후 체위변경이 안위와 출혈합병증에 미치는 영향

강정선,박성연,김은옥 병원간호사회 2010 임상간호연구 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of position change on the level of comfort and occurrence of bleeding after transarterial chemoembolization. Methods: This study was the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The experimental group was positioned in supine with 15-30 degree Semi-folwer's position for 2 hours and then changed supine position alternatively to 30 degree lateral positioning in turn per hour for 2 hours. FOr the control group, 6 hour supine positions without any position change were applied. Results: The level of discomfort of the control group was scored higher level than that of the experimental group. There was no significant differences in back pain and the degrees of voiding difficulty. There were no significant differences in the incidence of bleeding complication between the two groups. Conclusion: The position change in patients after transarterial chemoembolization could be applied without any severe side effects such as bleeding complication, but it was revealed to be effective in reducing the level of discomfort.