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한우 포유모우의 산유량및 유조성분에 관한 연구 1 . 포유모우의 산유량 추정방법 확립에 관한 연구
강수원(S . W . Kang),정연후(Y . H . Chung),정창화(C . H . Chung),나승환(S . H . Na),손용석(Y . S . Son),백동훈(D . H . Baik) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.3
This experiment was conducted to establish the estimating of dam`s milk producing capacity which forms the basis of Korean Native Cattle improvement for 3 years from 1982 to 1984. Four methods, including weight difference of the calf before and after nursing, hand milking and machine milking were compared with a new milking while the calf nurses, which the good points from the existing methods were extracted and then were developed. Fifty nine heads of nursing cow were tested to investigate dam`s milk yield. dam`s milk composition by the new milking method for 3 years from 1985 to 1987. The results of this experiment are summarized as follows: 1. This new method was made to use a portable vacuum·operated bucket milker in two quarters of each cow`s left or right udder while the calf suckles two quarters of his or her dam`s right or left udder. On this method. cows and calves were seperated at 8:00 am and at 5:00 pm the calves allowed to nurse. Cows and calves remained seperated over night. At 8:00 am and 5:00 pm the following day, the calves allowed to nurse one udder half while the rest was milked by machine. 2. On the comparison with methods estimating dam`s milk yield, the method by calf-weight difference before and after nursing wasn`t exact and good method in estimating dam`s milk yield and composition because not only this method was indirectly estimated by calf`s weight gain but also milk sample could not be taken. And also, the method by hand milking and machine milking could be surveyed only 60 days and 4 to 10 days, respectively, because dam`s milk yield was rapidly decreased with passing the milking day. However, by the new method, milking could be completely done without failure for 180 days and samples for analyzing the milk composition could be taken more easily and exactly than any other method. 3. Daily average and total milk yield of fifty nine heads investigated by this new method for 180 days was 3.48 and 625.8kg, respectively. 4. In the milk composition, total solids, far, protein, lactose and ash content was 14.21, 4.64, 4.07, 4.21 and 0.89 percent, respectively.
한우에 있어서 주간 분만유기에 대한 야간 사료급여의 영향
임석기,연성흠,나승환,강수원,박준철,김현섭,정연후 ( S . K . Im,S . H . Yeon,S . H . Na,S . W . Kang,J . C . Park,H . S . Kim,Y . H . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.3
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of evening feeding to pregnant cows(Hanwoo) on calving time during a day. The investigation revealed that feeding at 17:00∼21:00 resulted in 79.8% of the cows calving between 06:00∼21:00, whereas the tradional 08:00∼09:00 and 17:00v18:00 feeding resulted in 59.3% of them calving during the time period (P$lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in the calving time, parity, feed intakes, calving days, and sex ratios between the two feeding practices.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 4 . 비유기간중의 에너지 및 단백질 급여수준이 포유모우의 체중 , 산유량 및 유성분에 미치는 영향
강수원(S . W . Kang),정연후(Y . H . Chung),손용석(Y . S . Son) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.5
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of energy and protein levels during the lactation period on milk yield. milk composition and body weight of dam in Korean native cows. In this experiment, thirty six heads of nursing cows and calves were allotted to a 3×3 factorial design with three net energy levels (80, 100. 120% of NRC) and three crude protein levels (80. 100, 120% of NRC) from calving to weaning for 180 days. The results obtained from this experiment arc summarized as follows; 1. Dam`s body weight for 180 days was changed with a highly significant difference (P$lt;0.01) from 27.l㎏ increase of the NE 120%-CP 100 to 65.6㎏ decrease of the NE 80%-CP 100%. 2. The average daily milk yield of nursing, cows with 10-day intervals for 180 days did not show a significant difference, although the difference was 0.93㎏ from 3.11㎏ of the NE 100%-CP 120% to 4.04㎏ of the NE 120%-CP 120% (average 3.50㎏). 3. The maximum of average daily milk yield with 10-day intervals for 180 days was 4.76 to 5.36㎏ (average 5.04㎏) without a significant difference by post- partum NE -CP levels. But the lactation day for the maximum of average daily milk yield was changed with a significant difference (P$lt;0.05) from 7.5 days of the NE 80%-CP 120% to 37.5 days of the NE 80%-CP 100% (average 17.8 days). 4. The decrease rate per week and the decrease quantity per day of average daily milk yield for 180 days was 2.22 to 3.30% (average 2.68%) and 15.1 to 21.4g(average 18.1g), respectively. without .1 significant difference by post-partum NE-CP levels. 5. The physico-chemical properities and constituents of milk were not significantly different by treatments, and the energy value of milk per kg was 790 to 850㎉ (average 811 ㎉). 6. In the nutrient levels for the cows during the nursing period, energy levels affected only the body weight of dam with a highly significant difference (P $lt;0.01). However, protein levels did not affect all factors.
한우 육성빈우 (育成牝牛) 의 에너지와 단백질요구량 추정 1 . 대사시험에 의한 한우 육성빈우의 에너지와 단백질 요구량 결정
정연후(Y . H . Chung),이상철(S . C . Lee),강수원(S . W . Kang),정정수(C . S . Chung),정천용(C . Y . Chung) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5
Metabolism trial was carried out to estimate the energy and protein requirements for Korean native heifers. Nine heifer calves weighing about 150㎏ were randomly assigned into three target daily gains (0.2㎏, T₁; 0.6㎏, T₂; 0.8㎏, T₃) with interval of BW 50㎏ through BW 350㎏, aiming to estimate the energy and protein requirements. The amount of nutrient to be fed was based on NRC requirements (1984), and the ration consisted of hay, rice straw and grass silage as roughage source, and concentrate mixture. Average daily gains across body weight classes were 0.30(T₁), 0.62(T₂) and 0.67㎏(T₃), respectively. Except for crude fiber, digestibilities and nutritive values of experimental ration were increased with the increase of daily gain. As expected, nitrogen intake was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased with the increase of daily gain, but there were no differences in digestible nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention between T₂ and T₃ group. Based on pooled data of body weight classes, nitrogen(N) and digestible nitrogen(DN) requirements were estimated as follows; N requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 0.98+1.25DG-0.44DG² (R²=0.42**), DN requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 0.40+1.19DG-0.24DG² (R²=0.49**) Metabolizable energy intake, heat production and energy retention tended to increase with the increase of daily gains, not with body weight, although there was no difference between T₂ and T₃ group. Energy losses expressed as % of gross energy(GE) intake was higest from feces(42.8%), followed by heat production(42.3%), and lowest from urine(2.0%). Total digestible nutrient(TDN), DE and ME requirements were as follows; TDN requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 28.13+60.40DG-14.03DG² (R²=0.48**), DE requirement(㎉/W^0.75/day) = 134.34+ 220.59DG-71.90DG² (R²=0.54**), ME requirement(㎉/W^0.75/day) = 116.98+171.32DG-35.73DG²(R²=0.54**). Total digestible nutrient, DE and ME requirements for maintenance were 28.13g, 134.3㎉ and 116.98 ㎉/W^0.75/day, respectively. The estimated NEm requirement from the relationship between ME intake and heat production was 76.5㎉/W^0.75/day.