부산지역 외상성 척수손상환자 발생의 변화추이

강경문,김기찬,정호중 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Objective: To identify trends in the epidemiologic and injury data of person with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: Review of medical records of 312 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury from 1996 to 2005 at the four university hospitals and one training hospital in Busan was performed. The epidemiologic informations of this study were compared to those of the past study conducted between 1986-1993 and 1996-2005. Results: Average age(42.8) at injury was rised. Male-to-female ratio was 3.5:1, the population of males has decreased significantly in recent years(1996-2005). The leading cause of traumatic SCI was traffic accident. Tetraplegia accounted for 52.2% of all traumatic SCI, 47.8% were paraplegia. Complete injury decreased compared to the past occupying 41% of all the injury while tetraplegia increased. Traumatic spinal cord injury occured most commonly in August, summer, the time of 6 A.M to midday and on Saturday. Conclusion: This study showing the recent characteristics of traumatic SCI in Busan revealed increase in the average age at injury, the rate of females and incomplete injury. The most frequent time of onset was from 6 AM to midday.

초등학교 체육 장학 실태 분석 및 개선 방안 연구

강경문,주명덕 한국교원대학교 학교체육연구소 1997 학교체육연구소지 Vol.4 No.1

무인항공기용 200W 급 직접메탄올연료전지 경량화 스택 제작 및 작동 특성 연구 (II)

강경문,박성현,곽건희,지현진,주현철 한국수소및신에너지학회 2012 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.23 No.3

A lightweight 200W direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stack is designed and fabricated to power a small scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The DMFC stack consists of 33-cells in which membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) having an active area of 88 cm2 are sandwiched with lightweight composite bipolar plates. The total stack weight is around 3.485 kg and stack performance is tested under various methanol feed concentrations. The DMFC stack delivers a maximum power of 248 W at 13.2 V and 71.3℃ under methanol feed concentration of 1.2 M. In addition, the voltage of individual cell in the 33-cell stack is measured at various current levels to ensure the stability of DMFC stack operations. The cell voltage distribution data exhibit the maximum cell voltage deviation of 28 mV at 15 A and hence the uniformity of cell voltages is acceptable. These results clearly demonstrate that DMFC technology becomes a potential candidate for small-scale UAV applications.

ZnO 초박막의 두께 변화에 따른 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성 변화 연구

강경문,김민재,이홍섭,박형호,Kang, Kyung-Mun,Wang, Yue,Kim, Minjae,Lee, Hong-Sub,Park, Hyung-Ho 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2019 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.26 No.2

원자층 증착법(ALD: atomic layer deposition)으로 $150^{\circ}C$에서 성장된 zinc oxide (ZnO) 초박막의 두께 변화에 따른 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. ZnO 박막을 증착하기 위해 금속 전구체와 반응물로 각각 diethylzinc와 deionized water를 사용하였다. ALD 사이클 당 성장률은 $150^{\circ}C$에서 약 0.21 nm/cycle로 일정 하였으며, 50 사이클 이하의 샘플들은 초기 ALD 성장 단계에서 상대적으로 얇은 두께로 인하여 비정질 성질을 갖는 것으로 보였다. 100 사이클에서 200 사이클로 두께가 증가함에 따라 ZnO 박막의 결정성이 증가하였고 hexagonal wurtzite 구조를 보였다. 또한, ZnO 박막의 입자 크기가 ALD 사이클의 수의 증가에 따라 증가되었다. 전기적 특성 분석 결과 박막 두께의 증가에 따라서 비저항 값이 감소하였으며, 이는 박막 두께 증가에 따른 입자 크기 증가 및 결정성 개선으로 더 두꺼운 ZnO 박막에서 입자 경계의 농도 감소와 상관 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 광학적 특성 분석 결과 근 자외선 영역 (300 nm~400 nm)에서의 밴드 엣지 흡수가 증가 및 이동되었는데 이 현상은 ZnO 박막 두께의 증가에 따른 캐리어 농도의 증가가 기인 한 것으로, 이 결과는 박막 두께의 증가에 따른 저항률 감소와 잘 일치한다. 결과적으로 박막의 두께가 증가하면 막 면의 응력이 완화되어 밴드 갭이 감소하고 결정성 및 전도성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. We investigated the structural, electrical and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) ultra-thin films grown at $150^{\circ}C$ by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Diethylzinc and deionized water were used as metal precursors and reactants, respectively, for the deposition of ZnO thin films. The growth rate per ALD cycle was a constant 0.21 nm/cycle at $150^{\circ}C$, and samples below 50 cycles had amorphous properties due to the relatively thin thickness at the initial ALD growth stage. With the increase of the thickness from 100 cycles to 200 cycles, the crystallinity of ZnO thin films was increased and hexagonal wurtzite structure was observed. In addition, the particle size of the ZnO thin film increased with increasing number of ALD cycles. Electrical properties analysis showed that the resistivity value decreased with the increase of the thin film thickness, which is correlated with the decrease of the grain boundary concentration in the thicker ZnO thin film due to the increase of grain size and the improvement of the crystallinity. Optical characterization results showed that the band edge absorption in the near ultraviolet region (300 nm~400 nm) was increased and shifted. This phenomenon is due to the increase of the carrier concentration with the increase of the ZnO thin film thickness. This result agrees well with the decrease of the resistivity with the increase of the thin film thickness. Consequently, as the thickness of the thin film increases, the stress on the film surface is relaxed, the band gap decreases, and the crystallinity and conductivity are improved.

무인항공기용 경량화 직접메탄올연료전지 스택 개발을 위한 복합소재 분리판 제작 및 성능 평가 (I)

강경문,박성현,김진수,지현진,주현철 한국수소및신에너지학회 2012 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.23 No.2

A bipolar plate is a major component of a fuel cell stack, which occupies 50~60% of the total weight and over 50% of the total cost of a typical fuel cell stack. In this study, a composite bipolar plate is designed and fabricated to develop a compact and light-weight direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stack for a small-scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application. The composite bipolar plates for DMFCs are prepared by a compression molding method using resole type phenol resin as a binder and natural graphite and carbon black as a conductor filler and tested in terms of electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and hydrogen permeability. The flexural strength of 63 MPa and the in-plane electrical conductivities of 191 S cm-1 are achieved under the optimum bipolar plate composition of phenol : 18%; natural graphite : 82%; carbon black : 3%, indicating that the composite bipolar plates exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and hydrogen permeability to be applied in a DMFC stack. A DMFC with the composite bipolar plate is tested and shows a similar cell performance with a conventional DMFC with graphite-based bipolar plate.

금속수소화물 수소 저장 용기 내부의 수소방출에 대한 수치해석적 연구

강경문,남진무,유하늘,주현철 한국수소및신에너지학회 2011 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrogen desorption model is developed to precisely study the hydrogen desorption kinetics and resultant heat and mass transport phenomena in metal hydride hydrogen storage vessels. The metal hydride hydrogen desorption model, i.e. governed by the conservation of mass,momentum, and thermal energy is first experimentally validated against the temperature evolution data measured on a cylindrical LaNi5 metal hydride vessel. The equilibrium pressure used for hydrogen desorption simulations is derived as a function of H/M atomic ratio and temperature based on the experimental data in the literature. The numerical simulation results agree well with experimental data and the 3D desorption model successfully captures key experimental trends during hydrogen desorption process. Both the simulation and experiment display an initial sharp decrease in the temperature mainly caused by relatively slow heat supply rate from the vessel external wall. On the other hand, the effect of heat supply becomes influential at the latter stages, leading to smooth increase in the vessel temperature in both simulation and experiment. This numerical study provides the fundamental understanding of detailed heat and mass transfer phenomena during hydrogen desorption process and further indicates that efficient design of storage vessel and heating system is critical to achieve fast hydrogen discharging performance.

지하수 열원 지중 열교환기의 열적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

강경문,임연주,고수성,현명택 한국기계기술학회 2019 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.21 No.4

In order to enhance the utilization of underground heat including underground water, the comparison between the existing high density polyethylene underground heat exchanger and the newly developed metal heat exchanger was conducted to suggest the potential use of geothermal energy corresponding to the geological characteristics of Jeju Island. When the acquired heat of the underground loop system test condition of the KS B 8292 water-water geothermal heat pump unit was compared by installing heat exchanger of HDPE material and the heat exchanger of STS material under the same bore hole condition, the total heat area of the heat exchanger of STS material was about 15% less than HDPE, but the acquired heat was estimated to be about 4 times or more.

Experimental Validation of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cells(DMFCs) model with a Operating Temperatures and Methanol Feed Concentrations

강경문(Kang, Kyungmun),고요한(Ko, Johan),이기용(Lee, Giyong),주현철(Ju, Hyunchul) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06

In this paper, both theoretical and experimental investigations have been performed to examine the effects of key operating parameters on the cell performance of a DMFCs (i.e., methanol feed concentration and operating temperature). For experiment, the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were prepared using a conventional MEA fabrication method based on a catalyst coated electrode (CCE) and tested under various cell temperatures and methanol feed concentrations. The polarization curve measurements were conducted using in-house-made 25cm² MEAs. The voltage-current density data were collected under three different cell temperatures (50?C, 60?C, and 70?C) and four different methanol feed concentrations (1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M). The experimental data indicate that the measured I-V curves are significantly altered, depending on these conditions. On the other hand, previously developed one-dimensional, two-phase DMFC model is simulated under the same operating conditions used in the experiments. The model predictions compare well with the experimental data over a wide range of these operating conditions, which demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the present DMFC model. Furthermore, both simulation and experimental results exhibit the strong influences of methanol and water crossover rates through the membrane on DMFC performance and I-V curve characteristics.

고분자전행질형 연료전지내 마이크로다공층 영향에 대한 수치적 연구

강경문(Kyungmun Kang),주현철(Hyunchul Ju) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11

In the fuel cell community it is well-known that a micro-porous layer (MPL) plays a crucial role in the water management of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), and thereby, significantly stabilizes and improves cell performance. In this paper, a numerical MPL model is developed and embodied with comprehensive, multi-dimensional, multi-phase fuel cell models that were developed earlier to discover the exact roles of MPLs,. The effects of different porous properties and liquid-entry pressures between an MPL and a gas diffusion layer (GDL) are examined via fully three-dimensional numerical simulations. Discontinuity in liquid saturation at the GDL/MPL interface is captured by the model when the differences in pore properties and wettability between the MPL and GDL are taken into account without considering variation in the liquid-entry pressures. However, the simulation of this case fails to capture the beneficial effects of an MPL on cell performance, predicting even lower performance than the case of no MPL. On the other hand, when a high liquid-entry pressure in an MPL is additionally considered, the numerical MPL model predicts liquid-free MPL and successfully demonstrates the phenomenon that the high liquid-entry pressure of the MPL prevents any liquid water from entering the MPL. Consequently, it is found from the simulation results that the liquid-free MPL significantly enhances the back-flow of water across the membrane into the anode, which, in turn, helps to avoid membrane dehydration and alleviate the level of GDL flooding. As a result, the model successfully reports the beneficial effects of MPLs on PEFC performance and predicts higher performance in the presence of MPLs (e.g., an increase of 67 ㎷ at 1.5 A ㎝-2). This study provides a fundamental explanation for MPL functions and quantifies the influence of MPL’s porous properties and the liquid-entry pressure on water transport and cell performance.

전라남도 지역별 스포츠관광자원과 일반관광자원 연계전략

강경문(Kang, Kyoung Moon),전호문(Jun, Ho Moon),김경현(Kim, Kyoung Hyun) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2021 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 전라남도 11개 시군이 각각 추진하고 있는 스포츠관광자원 및 사업현황을 분석하여, 전라남도를 국제적인 관광지로 발돋움시키기 위한 체계화, 전략화, 집중화한 권역별 스포츠 관광자원의 사업화를 위한 구체적인 마케팅 전략을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구 목적 달성을 위해 관광관련 학회, 공사, 협회 전문가와 전라남도 11개 시·군의 공무원, 현장전문가, 연구자 등을 연구 대상으로 하였으며, 개방형 설문조사와 심층면담, 전문가 회의 등을 통해 범주화 분석을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 수집은 현황조사를 시작으로 6단계 절차를 거쳐 수행되었다. 자료분석은 주제별로 분류하여 내용 분석을 실시하였다. 도출된 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 각 지자체에서 활용 가능한 최적의 스포츠관광자원을 도출하기 위하여, 설문조사를 실시하여 지자체별 비교우위 스포츠관광자원과 관련된 일반관광자원을 총 10개(관광지, 대표축제, 음식, 테마파크, 기후환경, 전통민속놀이, 인조 시설물, 캠핑장, 유휴자원)의 범주로 도출하였다. 둘째, 각 지자체 활용 가능한 일반관광자원의 10개 범주를 우선순위 하였으며, 지역의 관광지, 대표축제, 자연환경, 음식, 테마파크, 기후환경 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 각 지자체가 보유한 스포츠관광자원 현황을 파악한 결과 지자체별로 스포츠관광자원(스포츠이벤트, 스포츠시설, 특화된 스포츠, 대표 프로스포츠, 전지훈련환경, 스포츠테마, 교육시설)을 보유하고 있으며, 지자체별로 스포츠관광자원의 보유 유무와 활용하고 있는지에 대한 결과를 도출하였다. 넷째, 전라남도 스포츠관광자원으로 활용 가능한 일반관광자원을 도출하였다. 다섯째, 전라남도 스포츠관광자원 활용자원에 대한 전략방안을 도출하였다. 여섯째, 전라남도 우수 스포츠관광자원의 종합연계전략을 광주 근교권, 동부권, 서남권, 중남부권 등 4개 권역으로 나누어 지역 특색에 맞는 연계전략을 제시하였다. This study analyzed the current status of sports tourism resources and projects promoted by 11 cities and counties in Jeollanam-do, and proposes a specific marketing strategy for the commercialization of systematized, strategic, and centralized sports tourism resources in order to develop Jeollanam-do into an international tourist destination. Achieving the purpose of the study, two types of research methods that are Delphi survey and open questionnaire survey are adopted, and then the survey results are analysed and classified into three categories and six stages. The results are as follow. First, in order to derive the optimal sports tourism resources that can be used in each local government, a survey was conducted to extract sports tourism resources with comparative advantage by local governments. Second, The analysis of general tourism resources through the advice of experts showed a total of 10 categories and organized into 123 sentences. Third, as a result of grasping the current status of sports tourism resources possessed by each local government, each local government has sports tourism resources and derived the contents used. Fourth, general tourism resources available for sports tourism resources were presented. Fifth, strategic plans for utilization of the sports tourism resources in Jeollanam-do are suggested. Sixth, the comprehensive marketing plans for outstanding sports tourism resources in Jeollanam-do provinces are proposed.