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金宗才 全南大學校企業經營硏究所 1983 産業經濟硏究 Vol.10 No.1
Ⅰ. Introduction Big business usually has an ample staff of technically trained and capable managers and can retain outside advice and counsel when needed. Small business owners/managers, on the other hand, are usually left to their own personal experience and resourcefulness in dealing whit their problems. In fact, a small business could be defined as one that cannot afford the professional management it often needs. This is why a small business manager must be more resourceful and more versatile than his counterpart in a large corporation. In this point of view, cultivation of management capability through effective management training is very essential not only for the rationalization of small business but also for balanced growth of national economy. This paper, based on the above point, is concentrated on the effective approach to management training for small business. Ⅱ. Importance of Small Business The importance of small business in Korea and in the United States is reviewed and summarized as follows: (1) Small Business offer career opportunities. (2) They foster the national economy. (3) They improve their society. Ⅲ. Analysis on The Issues of Management Training in Small Business 1. Issues of Management Training in America The reports issued by Dunn & Bradstreet over the last decade attribute the major cause of business failures to certain managerial deficiencies: (1) Lack of the fundamental ability to plan, organize, and manage operations(40%). (2) Lack of everyday on-the-job experience in applying management principles(23%). (3) Lack of balance in business ability with either too much formal training relative to experience or too little formal training relative to experience(20%). (4) Lack of experience in business line practices(17%). In the line with the above facts, many American small businesses without a major effort to provide needed training and education, will continue to grope through the darkness of ignorance in an attempt to survive and compete in todays demanding market place. 2. Issues of Small Business Management in Korea (1) Ineffective organization structure. (2) One-man management and rule-of-thumb decision-making. (3) Short-sighted management planning. (4) Inefficient performance of each function. (5) Unreasonable evaluation system. These problems are exposed in the management of Korean small businesses and they should be improved by cultivating management capability. Ⅳ. Effective Approaches to Management Training
상호작용 결합이 교대하는 S=1/2 XY 스핀열의 여기 구조
김종재 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.11 No.2
Exact excitation structure of a trimerized S=1/2 XY spin chain, where the ferro- antiferro-antiferromagnetic bonds are dispaced alternately, is calculated by using the Jordan-Wigner fermionic transformation. The anisotropy in the coupling bonds causes the band gaps among the excitation modes.
김종재,정만호 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 1998 産業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-
Low- aberration holographic scanners that eliminate the need for lenses or mirrors promise to greatly reduce the cost of laser printers and image scanners. This paper describes an analytical method to design holographic optical elements for focusing laser scanners, especially disk scanners, with minimum aberration. For the scanner in this paper, a holographic optical element, designed with the ray tracing method, provides the linearization and focusing functions. The designed bow of prototype's is ±54.75㎛ and the spot size(FWHM) is about 78㎛ for a scan length of 300mm.