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박영일,Kim Min-Ho,Kim Tong-Soo,Park Sang Jung,Kim Jeong-Myeong,Rhee Ok-Jae,Lee Sang-Seob 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.11
Waterborne diseases have critical public health issues and socioeconomic relevancy worldwide. Various viral pathogens are ordinarily associated with waterborne diseases. Six-yearsurveillance (a total of 20 times) of norovirus, hepatitis A virus, group C rotavirus, and enterovirus was conducted at five raw water sampling sites including two lakes (Lakes Soyang and Juam), Hyundo region of Geum River in Daejeon City, and Guui region of Han River in Seoul Metropolitan City and Moolgeum region of Nakdong River in Gimhae City which are located near two water intake plants. In this study, we routinely investigated virus contamination in water samples through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and integrated cell culture RT-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity. A total 100 samples were tested. Most of the targeted viruses were found in 32% of the samples and at least one of the indicator bacteria was detected in 65% of these occurrences. Among all the detected viruses, enterovirus was the most prevalent with a detection frequency of 12% and 2.71 MPN/10 L on average, while hepatitis A virus was the least prevalent with a detection frequency of 4%. Nearly all of the analyzed viruses (except for group C rotavirus) were present in samples from Han River (the Guui region), Geum River (the Hyundo region), Lake Juam, and Nakdong River (the Moolgeum region), while group C rotavirus was detected in those from the Guui region. During the six-year sampling period, the targeted waterborne viruses in water samples exhibited seasonal patterns in their occurrence that were different from the indicator bacteria levels in the water samples. The fact that they were detected in the five representative Korean water environments makes it necessary to establish the chemical and biological analysis systems for waterborne viruses and sophisticated management systems.
박영일,전호종,Seung Jegal,Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon,Jong Yul Roh,Wook-Gyo LEE,Seo Hye PARK,Seong Kyu AHN,Jinyoung LEE,Young Woo GONG,Mun Ju Kwon,Tong-Soo KIM 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.1
Owing to global climate change, the global resurgence of vector-borne infectious diseases and their potential to inflict widespread casualties among human populations has emerged as a pivotal burden on public health systems. In this study, the prevalence of flaviviral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, and their target vector diversity, abundance, and distribution was investigated to enable the mapping of hotspots for these diseases. For the surveillance of the vector mosquitoes carrying flaviviruses during April to November 2015, female mosquitoes were collected to study whether they carried pathogens from abroad at seven locations in Incheon Metropolitan City (Incheon) as a typical urban area and Hwaseong-si (= city, Hwaseong) of Gyeonggi-do (= province) as a rural area. A total of 15 species belonging to seven genera (29,102 female mosquitoes) were collected with blacklight and BG-Sentinel™traps at a collection rate of 260 per trap/night from whole collection locations. The most collected mosquito species in Incheon were Aedes vexans nipponii (species ratio (SR), 29.9%) and the Culex pipiens complex (SR, 28.8%), followed by Anopheles sinensis s.l. (SR, 27.9%) and Ochlerotatus koreicus (SR, 7.1%). From the results of viral RNA detection, five flaviviruses were found in 20,981 individuals (excluding An. sinensis 696 pools) in the Cx. pipiens complex and Ae. vexans nipponii. Three Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-positive pools were from the Cx. pipiens complex, a Chaoyang virus pool was found from Ae. vexans nipponii, and the remaining unidentified flavivirus pool was from Cx. pipiens. The three JEV-positive pools were phylogenetically grouped as genotype V. The results of our study demonstrate that enhanced monitoring and long-term surveillance of these vector viruses are of great public health importance.