유류오염 사고에서의 정신적 손해 배상 - 대법원 2004.4.28. 선고, 2001다36733판결 평석 - (원심: 서울고법 2001. 5. 8. 선고, 99나14633 판결)

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2009 經營法律 Vol.19 No.2

The Korean Supreme Court held that mental distress can be compensated based on Korean Civil Law as lex fori because Oil Pollution Damage Compensation Guarantee Act(‘the Act') does not provide for the scope of compensation. The Admissibility of claims for mental damage under the Act depends on which rule between the Civil Law and the compensation guidelines of IOPC Fund is applied to the matter of determining the scope of oil pollution damage. Finally, This problem is related to whether the compensation guidelines of IOPC Fund are legally binding as the sources of international law or not. Considering that the resolutions or decisions of the Fund does not get any legal confidence yet, domestic courts will not recognize legal effects of them. Therefore mental damage can be compensated under the Act, because Civil Law is applicable to the assessment of oil pollution damage. The other problematic issue is to recognize the complementary function of Consolation Money. Although the Supreme Court has rejected the plaintiff's claim without any definite reference, the possibility to use the complementary function as a lawsuit skill will be increased at oil pollution incident in the future, given that a system for fishery income has not been established in Korea. But I think that it is not desirable to overuse the complementary function for alleviating or avoiding the burden to prove property damage.

담도-위 누공 : 증례보고

윤효영,류동희,송영진 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2005 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.15 No.2

위궤양에 의한 담관-위 누공은 매우 드문 질환이며 소화성 궤양에 의한 담관 누공의 경우 대부분 내과적 치료가 우선적으로 시행된다. 저자들은 내과적 치료에 호전되지 않는 궤양성 담관-위 누공을 외과적 절제술을 시행하여 완치하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 64세 남자 환자가 15년 동안 지속된 식사 후 복통과 우상복부 동통을 주소로 내원하였다. 위 내시경 소견상 위전정부, 소만곡 후벽에 담즙이 역류하는 궤양저가 관찰되었으며 상복부위장관 촬영상 위전정부와 총수담관이 교통하는 소견이 있었으나 전산화복부단층 소견상 담석의 증거는 없었다. 담관-위누공 의심하에 체간미주신경절단술, 유문절제술, 담낭절제술, 총수담관절제술 후 환자는 퇴원하였다. Choledochogastric fistula complicated from gastric ulcer is very rare. Most of the internal biliary fistula by peptic ulcer were successfully managed with conservative treatment. Authors reported successful surgical resection of choledochogastric fistula caused by gastric ulcer. A (54-year old man visited our hospital complaining of postprandial abdominal pain and right upper quadrant pain for 15 years. He has a history of peptic ulcer medication for four years, recently. A gastrofiberscopy revealed ulceration on the posterior wall along the lesser curvature, gastric antrum with bile reflux from ulcer base, and histopathology of the biopsy specimen revealed an ulcer without evidence of malignancy. Barium upper gastrointestinal study showed fistula between stomach and common bile duct. In abdominal CT, there was a pneumobilia with dilated intrahepatic duct without common bile duct dilatation. After the diagnosis of choledochogastric fistula, we performed truncal vagotomy with antrectomy and cholecystectomy with resection of extrahepatic bile duct. The patient has remained well since his discharge from hospital.

기능성 부갑상선암종 : A case report 1예 보고

송형근,이옥준,신향미,오태근,궁성수,윤효영 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1998 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.8 No.1

부갑상선에 생기는 악성종양은 매우 드물며 이중 기능성 부갑상선암종이 대부분을 차지한다. 현재까지 270예가 보고 되었으며 국내에서는 5예뿐이다. 53세 여자의 부갑성선 기능항진증과 재발성 췌장염을 동반한 부갑상선암종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumor, reported to be less than 1% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients with parathyroid carcinomas are often symptomatic, have markedly elevated calcium levels. and have a palpable neck mass. They are equally distributed between the sexes. The diagnosis is suspected when the tumor is large, parathyroid hormone levels are high, and a palpable mass is present in the neck. Parathyroid carcinoma is often misdiagnosed preoperatively, suspected intraoperatively, and only confirmed postoperatively. We experienced a case of hyperfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma associated with recurrent pancreatitis in a 52 year old female, which was confirmed microscopically. The tumor showed : 1) blood vessel invasion ; 2) a trabecular pattern, and 3) intervening thick fibrous bands.

다발성 장 천공을 동반한 베체트병 - 1예 보고 -

윤효영,이상전,송영진 대한대장항문학회 1995 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.11 No.2

해양 석유 개발 관련 국내법규에 대한 비판적 검토

윤효영 단국대학교 법학연구소 2018 법학논총 Vol.42 No.2

With the establishment of national jurisdiction over the continental shelf, countriesaround the world are increasingly making efforts to develop offshore oil in order topursue the goal of stable supply of energy. Korea, which is short of land resources,started exploration for the first time in 1966, and continues to explore and developthe continental shelf area of the East Sea through Korea National Oil Corporation. Inaddition to enacting the Submarine Mineral Resources Development Act to supportoffshore oil development, Korea has the Marine Environment Management Act, thePetroleum Mining Safety Act, and the Petroleum Mine Safety Regulations for thesafety and marine environment management due to offshore oil development andoffshore plants. In other words, instead of enacting a separate law that regulatesoffshore oil development, Korea adopts a legislative form that incorporates andregulates the issue in the existing safety and environmental laws that basically dealwith development of land resources and pollution from ships. As a result, thedifferent terminology and definitions are used in relevant laws, the application andinterpretation of them are unclear, the effectiveness of regulation is reduced due tofailing to reflect properly the inherent characteristics of offshore oil development andoffshore plants. This paper firstly classifies applicable laws and regulations according to the stageof offshore oil development such as permission and acquisition of development right,safety and environmental management, and compensation for pollution damage, and then comprehensively examines the interrelationship among them. After the abovediscussion the paper proposes the legislative and interpretive measures for thesystematic improvement of relevant domestic laws and regulations based on theimplications of a comparative review of the US regulatory reform after Macondo wellblowout accident. The main contents of the suggestions include the revision ofunambiguous terms in interpretation, amendment of the Marine EnvironmentManagement Act etc in the direction reflecting characteristics of offshore oildevelopment and offshore plant, the creation of regulations for damage compensationresulting from offshore plant, and interpretation based on establishing relationshipbetween the Mining Act and the Submarine Mineral Resources Act. 대륙붕에 관한 국가 관할권이 확립되면서 세계 각국은 에너지 수급의 안정적 확보라는 목표를 추구하기 위하여 해양 석유 개발에 많은 노력을 기울이고있다. 육상 자원이 부족한 우리나라 역시 1966년 처음으로 탐사를 시작한 이후 한국석유공사를 중심으로 동해 대륙붕 지역의 탐사와 개발을 지속적으로진행하고 있다. 이를 지원하기 위하여 해저광물자원 개발법을 제정하였고, 해양환경관리법, 석유광산안전법, 석유광산안전규칙 등에서 해양 석유 개발과 그에 사용되는 해양플랜트의 안전 및 해양 환경 관리를 위한 제 규정을 두고 있다. 즉 우리나라는 해양 석유 개발을 규율하는 독자적인 단일법을 제정하는 대신, 육상 자원의 개발이나 선박으로부터의 오염을 기본적 규율 대상으로 하고 있는 기존의 안전 및 환경 관련 법규에 이를 편입하여 규율하는 입법 형식을 취하고 있다. 그 결과 관련 법규마다 사용되는 용어나 정의가 다르고, 적용대상이나 범위에 관한 해석이 불명확할 뿐만 아니라 해양 석유 개발이나 해양플랜트가 가지는 고유한 특징이 제대로 반영되지 못함으로써 규제의 실효성이떨어지는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 먼저 개발권의 취득과 허가, 안전 및 환경 관리, 오염피해의 배상이라는 해양 석유 개발의 제 단계에 따라 관련 국내법규를 분류하고 그 상호관계 속에서 종합적인 검토를 진행하였다. 그 후 멕시코 만에서 발생한 마콘도(Macondo) 유정 폭발 사고 이후 규제 개혁을 단행한 미국법제로부터 얻은 시사점에 기초하여 해양 석유 개발 관련 국내법규의 체계적 정비를위한 방안을 제시하였다. 그 주요 내용으로는 해석상 혼란의 여지가 있는 용어와 정의 규정의 정비, 해양 석유 개발과 해양플랜트의 특성을 반영한 해양환경관리법 등의 개선 방안, 해양플랜트 오염피해 배상을 위한 규정의 신설,광업법과 해저광물자원법 등의 관계 정립에 따른 해석론 등이 포함된다.

유문 보존 위절제술

윤효영,송영진 대한외과학회 1996 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.1996 No.11

해양환경보호를 위한 국제적 입법 동향과 그 대응책

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2004 經營法律 Vol.14 No.1

Twentieth Century has confronted with environmental pollution due to rapid population increase, industrialization etc. The environmental accidents give rise to fatal problems in every life sphere of Mankind. In case of ocean pollution accidents the international efforts to restore and amend pollution damages has been made. The vital results of the efforts are 1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage(CLC 1969), 1971 International Convention on the Establishment of International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage(FC 1971) and the protocol of the conventions (Protocol of 1992 to amend the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969 and the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971). Recently International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea 1996(HNS 1996) and International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunkers Convention 2001) has been established. This thesis deals with International Legislative Efforts for Protecting Ocean Environment, and synthetic devices for prevention and recovering ocean pollution and coping with the conventions.

자연환경 손해의 구제 현황과 향후 과제

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2017 經營法律 Vol.27 No.3

As environmental pollution has devastated human health and quality of life, and environmental problems such as climate change have threatened the survival of mankind, legal remedies have emerged to protect the environment more actively, such as a legislation that imposes certain responsibilities against damage to natural environment itself, irrespective of violations of human legal interests. This paper examines whether it is possible to claim liability for damage to the natural environment itself, and argues for the need for the proper legislation in the field of environmental damages, comparing the current state of our law with the advanced legal system in Germany or the United States. In order to propose the necessity of introducing the legislative measure, this paper firstly examines whether the liability for damage to natural environment itself can be remedied in korean legal system. In our legal system, natural environmental damage is basically able to be recovered only if it is involved in the infringement of an individual's legal rights. Secondly, the paper reviews the legislative models of the United States and Germany, which have advanced legislation on the protection of natural environment damage itself. Finally, based on the comparative legal review, it argues that there is a need for a separate liability legislation in order to relieve natural environmental damages in the future. And proposes the legislative direction on basic issues such as the definition of natural environment, the principle and contents of natural environmental responsibility. 환경오염으로 인간의 건강과 삶의 질이 황폐화되고 기후변화와 같이 인류의 생존 자체를 위협하는 환경문제에 봉착하면서 보다 적극적으로 환경을 보호하기 위한 법적 구제 방안들이 등장하였다. 대표적인 예로서 인간의 법익 침해와 무관한 자연환경 그 자체에 발생한 피해에 대하여 오염원인자에게 일정한 책임을 부과하는 입법을 들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 현행 우리법의 체제에서 오염원인자에게 자연환경 그 자체의 피해에 대한 책임을 청구하는 것이 가능한지 여부를 살펴보고, 우리법의 현황을 독일이나 미국의 선진법제와 비교함으로써 향후 이 분야에 대한 입법의 필요성을 주장한다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 민법 및 환경오염피해구제법을 비롯한 기타 특별법을 중심으로 자연환경 손해에 대한 책임이 인정될 수 있는지 여부를 살펴본다. 우리 법체계에서 자연환경 손해는 기본적으로 그것이 개인의 권리 침해에 포함되는 경우에 한하여 법적 책임이 인정된다는 한계가 있다. 둘째, 기존의 연구 결과를 토대로 자연환경 손해의 구제에 관한 선진법제를 갖추고 있는 미국과 독일의 입법례를 개관한다. 끝으로 장차 우리나라에서도 자연환경 손해를 구제하기 위한 별도의 책임입법이 마련될 필요가 있다는 주장 하에, 앞에서 본 비교법적 검토를 기초로 자연환경의 정의, 책임의 성격과 내용 등과 같은 기본 쟁점에 관한 입법 방향을 제안한다.

환경오염피해의 구제에서 민사책임법과 보험의 상호관계 및 그 시사점

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2016 經營法律 Vol.26 No.2

Recently modern civil liability law on environmental damage has been characterized by the changes introducing the new liability rules modifying traditional legal rules and compulsory insurance. These changes came on stage early in 1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), and have been introduced in a number of domestic liability law system on environmental pollution damage. Even some differences in specified aspects, domestic environmental liability statues are mostly common in that they have been designed to protect victims of environmental damage through stipulating strict liability, reversed burden of proof or the assumption for causal relationship, and financial limits on liability. In addition to them, compulsory insurance requirement which mandates potential responsible parties to purchase an environmental liability insurance policy has become an essential constituent of these environmental liability statues. The Korean Act on the Compensation and Remedy for Environmental Pollution Damage 2014 also has introduced the above common elements. During an evolving framework for a legal regime on environmental liability, the new liability rules for the interests of victims and the concept of insurability for the interests of insurers have been developed, affecting each other. It is important to harmonize these conflict of interests in order to enforce the environmental liability law successfully. Therefore this paper firstly aims to examine the interrelationship between the main principles of environmental liability and insurability of environmental pollution risk. And then based on the implications from the inquiries, try to propose some legislative and institutional recommendations for achieving effective remedy for environmental pollution damage. 환경오염 피해의 구제를 목적으로 민사책임법의 분야에서는 전통적 법원칙을 수정한 책임 원칙과 강제보험을 도입하는 변화가 전개되었다. 이러한 변화는 해사책임 분야에서는 1969년 유류오염피해 배상책임에 관한 국제협약(CLC)의 제정으로 일찍부터 등장하였고, 이후 각국의 환경오염피해 배상 관련 책임법제로 확대되었다. 구체적 내용에는 차이가 있으나, 이들 법제들은 모두 책임당사자의 무과실책임과 연대책임, 인과관계의 입증책임 전환 내지 추정, 그리고 배상책임의 이행을 확보하기 위한 보험가입의무를 규정함으로써 피해자 보호에 주력하는 한편, 책임당사자의 책임과 보험가입 금액을 일정한 한도로 제한한다. 2014년 제정된 우리 ‘환경오염피해 배상책임 및 구제에 관한 법률’ 역시 이러한 공통 요소를 포함하고 있다. 환경책임법제의 발전 과정에서 환경오염 피해자의 이익을 위하여 도입된 수정된 책임 원칙들과 가해자 및 그의 책임보험자의 이익을 위한 부보가능성이라는 개념은 서로 영향을 미치면서 발전해 왔으며, 이들 사이의 균형을 찾으려는 노력이 환경책임법제의 성공적인 운영을 위하여 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 전제하에 환경책임법제의 공통 요소인 책임의 원칙과 부보가능성의 상호관계를 살펴보고, 이를 기초로 환경피해의 배상과 예방이라는 목적을 효과적으로 달성하기 위한 입법적 그리고 제도적 측면에서의 시사점을 모색하였다.

배출권거래제도 - 형평성을 중심으로 -

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2013 經營法律 Vol.24 No.1

Emission Trading Scheme(ETS) is policy tools designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions where this can be done in the most cost effective way. Existing and Proposed schemes generally take the form of cap-and-trade systems, meaning that there is a political commitment to limit overall emissions by putting in place a cap, and that the emission allowances are distributed as permits between covered entities in the scheme, permits that can be traded freely. And it has become common practice to allocate the majority or all of the emission allowances to firms free of charge. Effectiveness and Fairness are distinguishable aspects of policy evaluation. Although overall program effectiveness is an important issue, this article focuses on the fairness issues. I will discuss several aspects of distributional fairness related to ETS. It consists of fairness in the distribution of emissions allowances to businesses, fairness in the distribution of greenhouse gas and other co-pollutant emissions among different segments of society, and fairness in the relative financial impact on low-income consumers. The unfair effects of ETS are usually resulted from the free allocation of emission allowances. So, the main alternative to free allocation is auctioning. First, it would reduce the distributional distortions and accompanying windfall profits that free allocation can create. Second, it creates a level playing field for existing and new covered entities. Lastly, a disproportionate impact on low-income consumers can be greatly ameliorated through adroit use of revenue from emissions allowance auctions to offset the additional burden on low-income consumers from increased energy costs due to free allocation.