유류오염 사고에서의 정신적 손해 배상 - 대법원 2004.4.28. 선고, 2001다36733판결 평석 - (원심: 서울고법 2001. 5. 8. 선고, 99나14633 판결)

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2009 經營法律 Vol.19 No.2

The Korean Supreme Court held that mental distress can be compensated based on Korean Civil Law as lex fori because Oil Pollution Damage Compensation Guarantee Act(‘the Act') does not provide for the scope of compensation. The Admissibility of claims for mental damage under the Act depends on which rule between the Civil Law and the compensation guidelines of IOPC Fund is applied to the matter of determining the scope of oil pollution damage. Finally, This problem is related to whether the compensation guidelines of IOPC Fund are legally binding as the sources of international law or not. Considering that the resolutions or decisions of the Fund does not get any legal confidence yet, domestic courts will not recognize legal effects of them. Therefore mental damage can be compensated under the Act, because Civil Law is applicable to the assessment of oil pollution damage. The other problematic issue is to recognize the complementary function of Consolation Money. Although the Supreme Court has rejected the plaintiff's claim without any definite reference, the possibility to use the complementary function as a lawsuit skill will be increased at oil pollution incident in the future, given that a system for fishery income has not been established in Korea. But I think that it is not desirable to overuse the complementary function for alleviating or avoiding the burden to prove property damage.

담도-위 누공 : 증례보고

윤효영,류동희,송영진 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2005 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.15 No.2

위궤양에 의한 담관-위 누공은 매우 드문 질환이며 소화성 궤양에 의한 담관 누공의 경우 대부분 내과적 치료가 우선적으로 시행된다. 저자들은 내과적 치료에 호전되지 않는 궤양성 담관-위 누공을 외과적 절제술을 시행하여 완치하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 64세 남자 환자가 15년 동안 지속된 식사 후 복통과 우상복부 동통을 주소로 내원하였다. 위 내시경 소견상 위전정부, 소만곡 후벽에 담즙이 역류하는 궤양저가 관찰되었으며 상복부위장관 촬영상 위전정부와 총수담관이 교통하는 소견이 있었으나 전산화복부단층 소견상 담석의 증거는 없었다. 담관-위누공 의심하에 체간미주신경절단술, 유문절제술, 담낭절제술, 총수담관절제술 후 환자는 퇴원하였다. Choledochogastric fistula complicated from gastric ulcer is very rare. Most of the internal biliary fistula by peptic ulcer were successfully managed with conservative treatment. Authors reported successful surgical resection of choledochogastric fistula caused by gastric ulcer. A (54-year old man visited our hospital complaining of postprandial abdominal pain and right upper quadrant pain for 15 years. He has a history of peptic ulcer medication for four years, recently. A gastrofiberscopy revealed ulceration on the posterior wall along the lesser curvature, gastric antrum with bile reflux from ulcer base, and histopathology of the biopsy specimen revealed an ulcer without evidence of malignancy. Barium upper gastrointestinal study showed fistula between stomach and common bile duct. In abdominal CT, there was a pneumobilia with dilated intrahepatic duct without common bile duct dilatation. After the diagnosis of choledochogastric fistula, we performed truncal vagotomy with antrectomy and cholecystectomy with resection of extrahepatic bile duct. The patient has remained well since his discharge from hospital.

다발성 장 천공을 동반한 베체트병 - 1예 보고 -

윤효영,이상전,송영진 대한대장항문학회 1995 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.11 No.2

해양 석유 개발 관련 국내법규에 대한 비판적 검토

윤효영 단국대학교 법학연구소 2018 법학논총 Vol.42 No.2

With the establishment of national jurisdiction over the continental shelf, countriesaround the world are increasingly making efforts to develop offshore oil in order topursue the goal of stable supply of energy. Korea, which is short of land resources,started exploration for the first time in 1966, and continues to explore and developthe continental shelf area of the East Sea through Korea National Oil Corporation. Inaddition to enacting the Submarine Mineral Resources Development Act to supportoffshore oil development, Korea has the Marine Environment Management Act, thePetroleum Mining Safety Act, and the Petroleum Mine Safety Regulations for thesafety and marine environment management due to offshore oil development andoffshore plants. In other words, instead of enacting a separate law that regulatesoffshore oil development, Korea adopts a legislative form that incorporates andregulates the issue in the existing safety and environmental laws that basically dealwith development of land resources and pollution from ships. As a result, thedifferent terminology and definitions are used in relevant laws, the application andinterpretation of them are unclear, the effectiveness of regulation is reduced due tofailing to reflect properly the inherent characteristics of offshore oil development andoffshore plants. This paper firstly classifies applicable laws and regulations according to the stageof offshore oil development such as permission and acquisition of development right,safety and environmental management, and compensation for pollution damage, and then comprehensively examines the interrelationship among them. After the abovediscussion the paper proposes the legislative and interpretive measures for thesystematic improvement of relevant domestic laws and regulations based on theimplications of a comparative review of the US regulatory reform after Macondo wellblowout accident. The main contents of the suggestions include the revision ofunambiguous terms in interpretation, amendment of the Marine EnvironmentManagement Act etc in the direction reflecting characteristics of offshore oildevelopment and offshore plant, the creation of regulations for damage compensationresulting from offshore plant, and interpretation based on establishing relationshipbetween the Mining Act and the Submarine Mineral Resources Act. 대륙붕에 관한 국가 관할권이 확립되면서 세계 각국은 에너지 수급의 안정적 확보라는 목표를 추구하기 위하여 해양 석유 개발에 많은 노력을 기울이고있다. 육상 자원이 부족한 우리나라 역시 1966년 처음으로 탐사를 시작한 이후 한국석유공사를 중심으로 동해 대륙붕 지역의 탐사와 개발을 지속적으로진행하고 있다. 이를 지원하기 위하여 해저광물자원 개발법을 제정하였고, 해양환경관리법, 석유광산안전법, 석유광산안전규칙 등에서 해양 석유 개발과 그에 사용되는 해양플랜트의 안전 및 해양 환경 관리를 위한 제 규정을 두고 있다. 즉 우리나라는 해양 석유 개발을 규율하는 독자적인 단일법을 제정하는 대신, 육상 자원의 개발이나 선박으로부터의 오염을 기본적 규율 대상으로 하고 있는 기존의 안전 및 환경 관련 법규에 이를 편입하여 규율하는 입법 형식을 취하고 있다. 그 결과 관련 법규마다 사용되는 용어나 정의가 다르고, 적용대상이나 범위에 관한 해석이 불명확할 뿐만 아니라 해양 석유 개발이나 해양플랜트가 가지는 고유한 특징이 제대로 반영되지 못함으로써 규제의 실효성이떨어지는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 먼저 개발권의 취득과 허가, 안전 및 환경 관리, 오염피해의 배상이라는 해양 석유 개발의 제 단계에 따라 관련 국내법규를 분류하고 그 상호관계 속에서 종합적인 검토를 진행하였다. 그 후 멕시코 만에서 발생한 마콘도(Macondo) 유정 폭발 사고 이후 규제 개혁을 단행한 미국법제로부터 얻은 시사점에 기초하여 해양 석유 개발 관련 국내법규의 체계적 정비를위한 방안을 제시하였다. 그 주요 내용으로는 해석상 혼란의 여지가 있는 용어와 정의 규정의 정비, 해양 석유 개발과 해양플랜트의 특성을 반영한 해양환경관리법 등의 개선 방안, 해양플랜트 오염피해 배상을 위한 규정의 신설,광업법과 해저광물자원법 등의 관계 정립에 따른 해석론 등이 포함된다.

유문 보존 위절제술

윤효영,송영진 대한외과학회 1996 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.1996 No.11

해양환경보호를 위한 국제적 입법 동향과 그 대응책

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2004 經營法律 Vol.14 No.1

Twentieth Century has confronted with environmental pollution due to rapid population increase, industrialization etc. The environmental accidents give rise to fatal problems in every life sphere of Mankind. In case of ocean pollution accidents the international efforts to restore and amend pollution damages has been made. The vital results of the efforts are 1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage(CLC 1969), 1971 International Convention on the Establishment of International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage(FC 1971) and the protocol of the conventions (Protocol of 1992 to amend the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969 and the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971). Recently International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea 1996(HNS 1996) and International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunkers Convention 2001) has been established. This thesis deals with International Legislative Efforts for Protecting Ocean Environment, and synthetic devices for prevention and recovering ocean pollution and coping with the conventions.

조기 위암의 림프절 전이 양상

윤효영 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1996 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.6 No.2

진행성 위암에서 외과적 절제술중의 림프절 절제술에 대해서는 더 이상의 논란의 여지는 없으나 위절제술과 더불어 시행되는 광범위한 림프절 절제술은 수술후 자율 신경계의 손상, small capacity syndrome, dumping 증후군, 역류성 위염 등의 수술후 합병증 등이 문제가 되고 있어, 최근에는 조기 위암에서 축소 수술이 여러 병원에서 조심스럽게 논의되고 있다. (목적) 본 연구는 조기 위암에서 림프절 전이 양상을 규명하여 위축소 수술의 적응증을 알아보고자 하였다. (재료 및 방법) 1992년 9월부터 1995년 6월까지 충북대학교병원 외과에서 조기 위암으로 위아전 절제술 및 D2 이상의 림프절 곽청술을 시행한 49명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 병변의 위치, 심달도에 따른 림프절 전이 양상을 분석하였다. (결과) 총 49명 환자의 병변의 크기는 0.7-4.5cm까지 분포하였으며, 곽청된 림프절의 평균치는 29.9(범위 25-39)개였다. 심달도는 점막암이 20명, 점막하 암이 29명이었다. 점막암 환자중 병변의 위치에 상관없이 주변 림프절의 전이는 없었다. 점막하 암의 경우 병변이 위체부(n=10)에서 관찰될 때 10%(n=1)에서 림프절 전이가 발견되었으나 우위동맥을 포함한 위소만곡 주변의 림프절 전이는 관찰되지 않았다. 병변이 유문부에 위치하고 심달도가 점막하까지 침습한 경우에는 림프절 전이율은 21%(n=4)로 상대적으로 높은 전이율이 관찰되었다. (결론) 조기 위암이 웨체부에서 관찰되며 심달도가 점막에 국한된 경우에 소만곡부위 특히 우위동맥 주변의 림프절 전이는 드물 것으로 생각된다. 이 경우 주기적으로 추적 검사가 가능한 환자에서 내시경적 위절제술, 부분 위절제술 및 유문부 보존 위절제술 등의 축소 위절제술을 시도할 수 있겠다. Gastric surgeons routinely perform radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer including more than D2 lymph node dissection. This approach is reasonable but it may increase morbidities such as ANS injury, small capacity syndrome, dumping syndrome and reflux gastritis. To diminish these operative morbidities and to secure a good quality of life after gastric operation, various methods of limited surgery for early gastric cancer(EGC) have evolved. To evaluate the pattern of lymph node metastasis according to depth of tumor invasion and location of tumor, we analysed 49 cases of EGC operated with more than D2 dissection from September 1992 to May 1995. Followings are our results. 1. Average number of lymph node dissection was 29.9(range 25-39). 2. There was no lymph node metastasis in mucosal cancers(n=20), 3. In submucosal cancers(n=29), the size, gross appearance and histologic classification of tumor were not predictive factors whether lymph node metastases take place or not 4. Tumors located in middle third of the stomach have less chance of lymph node metastasis than tumors located in antrum(10% vs 21%). 5. No metastasis was observed in either suprapyloric lymph node or the lesser curvature lymph node in EGC located in the middle third of the stomach.

자연환경 손해의 구제 현황과 향후 과제

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2017 經營法律 Vol.27 No.3

As environmental pollution has devastated human health and quality of life, and environmental problems such as climate change have threatened the survival of mankind, legal remedies have emerged to protect the environment more actively, such as a legislation that imposes certain responsibilities against damage to natural environment itself, irrespective of violations of human legal interests. This paper examines whether it is possible to claim liability for damage to the natural environment itself, and argues for the need for the proper legislation in the field of environmental damages, comparing the current state of our law with the advanced legal system in Germany or the United States. In order to propose the necessity of introducing the legislative measure, this paper firstly examines whether the liability for damage to natural environment itself can be remedied in korean legal system. In our legal system, natural environmental damage is basically able to be recovered only if it is involved in the infringement of an individual's legal rights. Secondly, the paper reviews the legislative models of the United States and Germany, which have advanced legislation on the protection of natural environment damage itself. Finally, based on the comparative legal review, it argues that there is a need for a separate liability legislation in order to relieve natural environmental damages in the future. And proposes the legislative direction on basic issues such as the definition of natural environment, the principle and contents of natural environmental responsibility. 환경오염으로 인간의 건강과 삶의 질이 황폐화되고 기후변화와 같이 인류의 생존 자체를 위협하는 환경문제에 봉착하면서 보다 적극적으로 환경을 보호하기 위한 법적 구제 방안들이 등장하였다. 대표적인 예로서 인간의 법익 침해와 무관한 자연환경 그 자체에 발생한 피해에 대하여 오염원인자에게 일정한 책임을 부과하는 입법을 들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 현행 우리법의 체제에서 오염원인자에게 자연환경 그 자체의 피해에 대한 책임을 청구하는 것이 가능한지 여부를 살펴보고, 우리법의 현황을 독일이나 미국의 선진법제와 비교함으로써 향후 이 분야에 대한 입법의 필요성을 주장한다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 민법 및 환경오염피해구제법을 비롯한 기타 특별법을 중심으로 자연환경 손해에 대한 책임이 인정될 수 있는지 여부를 살펴본다. 우리 법체계에서 자연환경 손해는 기본적으로 그것이 개인의 권리 침해에 포함되는 경우에 한하여 법적 책임이 인정된다는 한계가 있다. 둘째, 기존의 연구 결과를 토대로 자연환경 손해의 구제에 관한 선진법제를 갖추고 있는 미국과 독일의 입법례를 개관한다. 끝으로 장차 우리나라에서도 자연환경 손해를 구제하기 위한 별도의 책임입법이 마련될 필요가 있다는 주장 하에, 앞에서 본 비교법적 검토를 기초로 자연환경의 정의, 책임의 성격과 내용 등과 같은 기본 쟁점에 관한 입법 방향을 제안한다.

국제유류오염손해배상제도의 타당성에 대한 비판적 검토

윤효영 한국경영법률학회 2009 經營法律 Vol.20 No.1

1969 CLC(1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage) and 1971 FC(1971 International Convention on Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage) were established to regulate oil pollution damage by a tanker since the ‘Torry Canyon 1967’ accident. The regime of CLC and FC has regulated oil pollution damage from thenceforth successfully. But the major oil pollution accidents such as ‘Erika 1999’ and ‘Prestige 2000’ have raised questions from a perspective of adequate compensation for and prevention of oil pollution damage. To answer the questions, the two Protocols (‘2000 Protocol’ and ‘2003 Protocol’) have been adapted for increasing liability limits and establishing the Fund for supplementing shortages respectively. Despite all the changes to the compensation regime for oil pollution damage through the years, some principles have remained essentially unchanged since its establishment. The unchanged vital principles are strict liability, channeling of liability, limitation of liability and compulsory insurance and Some of them have been criticized especially by the countries in EU. The goal of this article is to critically examine to the extent that the main features of current CLC and FC match with the aim or function of liability law, inter alia from a perspective of adequate compensation for and prevention of oil pollution damage. This article argues that channeling of liability and limitation of liability conflict with the aim and function of liability rule in that they deter from providing adequate compensation to a victim and encouraging optimal incentives to prevent the accident risk. Although there are some problems as seen the above, it is not desirable to consider the adequacy of CLC and FC regime only on the legal-theoretical grounds, but also it needs to consider the practical demands of related parties. Therefore this paper proposes some devices to harmonize the practical demands of industries with the aim of liability law.

Regional Distribution of Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) in Human Stomach

윤효영,김영철,성노현,김영철,최웅,김훈식,김헌,이광주,유라영,박선미,윤세진,김미정,김원섭,송영진,Wen-Xie Xu,이상진 대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5

We elucidated the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in human stomach, using cryosection and c-Kit immunohistochemistry to identify c-Kit positive ICC. Before c-Kit staining, we routinely used hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to identify every structure of human stomach, from mucosa to longitudinal muscle. HE staining revealed that the fundus greater curvature (GC) had prominent oblique muscle layer, and c-Kit immunostaining c-Kit positive ICC cells were found to have typical morphology of dense fusiform cell body with multiple processes protruding from the central cell body. In particular, we could observe dense processes and ramifications of ICC in myenteric area and longitudinal muscle layer of corpus GC. Interestingly, c-Kit positive ICC-like cells which had morphology very similar to ICC were found in gastric mucosa. We could not find any significant difference in the distribution of ICC between fundus and corpus, except for submucosa where the density of ICC was much higher in gastric fundus than corpus. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the density of ICC between each area of fundus and corpus, except for muscularis mucosa. Finally, we also found similar distribution of ICC in normal and cancerous tissue obtained from a patient who underwent pancreotomy and gastrectomy. In conclusion, ICC was found ubiquitously in human stomach and the density of ICC was significantly lower in the muscularis mucosa of both fundus/corpus and higher in the submucosa of gastric fundus than corpus.