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Assessment of Risk Factors Related to Suicide Attempts in Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Song, Joo Yun,Yu, Han Young,Kim, Se Hyun,Hwang, Samuel S.-H.,Cho, Hyun-Sang,Kim, Yong Sik,Ha, Kyooseob,Ahn, Yong Min Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2012 The Journal of nervous and mental disease Vol.200 No.11
ABSTRACT: We compared the characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder with and without a history of suicide attempts to identify the risk factors of suicide in this disorder. Among 212 patients with bipolar disorder, 44 (21.2%) patients had histories of suicide attempts. Suicide attempters were younger and more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar II. The variables that differentiated those who did from those who did not attempt suicide included age at first contact, lifetime history of antidepressant use, major depressive episode, mixed episode, auditory hallucinations, rapid cycling, the number of previous mood episodes, age of first depressive episode, and age of first psychotic symptoms. Strong predictors of suicide attempts were younger age at onset, lifetime history of auditory hallucinations, and history of antidepressant use. Antecedent depressive episodes and psychotic symptoms predicted the first suicide attempt in patients with bipolar disorder. This study could help clinicians to understand the major risk factors of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder.
Assessing the Challenges of Nigeria’s Electricity Generation and Transmisison Capacity
Ikemba Samuel,Kim Song-hyun,Park Soo-jin,Yoon Yong-beum,Farah Laili 대한전기학회 2021 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
The Nigerian power sector(with the exception of a few generation plants owned by the international oil companies) was a vertically integrated, wholly owned, government monopoly, until the enactment of the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA), 2015. The EPSRA provided the legal framework that enabled the participation of privately owned enterprises in the Nigerian power sector. Nigeria has about 12.500 MW of installed generation capacity, being largely dependent on hydropower and fossil (gas) thermal power sources; 15.4% and 84.6% respectively. However, it is important to note that currently only 3.000 MW to 5,000 MW is typically available for onward transmission to the final consumers. Based on this scenario the country’s energy sector could be deemed as being in crisis, with the extensive losses attributable to non-availability of the installed capacity and a very high occurrence of significant technical and non-technical issues through the power supply value chain. Hence, this paper assessed the challenges of electric power generation and transmission capacity in Nigeria.
실시간 주행성 분석 알고리즘 검증을 위한 무인 자율 주행 차량 가상 시뮬레이터
송하준(Hajun Song),한종부(Jong-Boo Han),홍효성(Hyosung Hong),정사무엘(Samuel Jung),김성수(Sung-Soo Kim),원문철(Mooncheol Won),유완석(Wansuk Yoo),주상현(Sanghuyn Joo) 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.24 No.4
The off-road unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), particularly for military purposes, requires a velocity planning that provides velocity commands guaranteeing the vehicle’s dynamic stability. For such velocity planning, real-time traversability (RTT) analysis is necessary to predict how fast the UGV can maneuver without losing stability. The algorithm for the RTT analysis was developed based on the real-time vehicle simulations using the up-coming terrain and path information. Verifying the algorithm via actual field tests of UGVs is necessary, however, it requires huge amount of time and cost. Moreover, it can also be dangerous sometimes. Thus, in this paper, we developed a virtual simulator of the UGV in order to verify the developed algorithm for the RTT analysis. Using the simulator, several simulations were performed to verify the effectiveness of the RTT analysis.
기독교가 군산 지역에 미친 사회적 영향 - 남장로교 선교사 편지를 중심으로 -
방연상 ( Pang Samuel Y ),송정연 ( Jungyun Song ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2017 人文科學 Vol.111 No.-
남장로교는 기존에는 선교사들과 조선인들에 의해 주목받지 못하던 군산지역에서 선교를 시작함으로써, 한국인을 대상으로 하는 교육과 의료 활동을 선점할 수 있었다. 또한 이를 통해, 1899년 개항 이후 일본인에 의해 주변부로 밀려나던 한국인들의 힘이 되었다. 군산은 일본에 의해, 거의 강제적으로 근대화 된 장소였기 때문에, 근대 교육과 근대 의료를 받지 못하는 한국인은 도시의 발전에서 뒤쳐질 수 밖에 없는 상태였다. 이러한 현상은 조선 전반에서 일어났지만, 특별히 군산은 교육받고 부유한 일본인들의 거리와 가난한 조선인들의 거리가 한 눈에 구별되는 곳이었다. 따라서 스테이션을 통한 교회, 근대 교육, 근대 의료라는 전형적인 선교 방식은 군산 지역에서 환영받을 수 밖에 없었고, 이러한 방식은 효과적인 선교 방식으로 자리잡게 되었다. 남장로교의 선교적 태도는 그들의 장점이며 단점이기도 하였다. 남장로교 선교사들은 선교를 최우선으로 하였기 때문에, 복음을 가르치기 위해서 때로는 학교의 발전을 포기하는 모습을 보여주기도 하였다. 반면에 선교를 우선하는 그들의 태도는 신사참배와 같은 반민족적인 태도에서 벗어날 수 있는 길을 열어주기도 하였다. 또한 스테이션을 중심으로 한 그들의 선교 방식은 일본인들의 간섭을 최대한 피할 수 있는 길을 열어주어, 민족주의자들이 활동할 수 있는 터전을 제공하였다. 반면에 그들의 제한적 선교범위는 군산과 군산 지역인들 전체에 영향을 미치지기에는 역부족이었다. 하지만 군산 지역의 의료와 교육이 대부분 일본인을 대상으로 하고 있는 상황에서 한국인을 대상으로 차별없는 의료와 교육을 행했던 선교사들의 열정과 헌신은 군산 지역인들이 기독교인이 되는 계기로서 작용하였고, 일제에 의해 근대 도시로 변모하는 군산의 문화적, 교육적 수준에서 조선인들이 소외받지 않도록 하였다. 따라서 기독교는 군산의 근대화에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있었다. The Presbyterian Church in the U.S. was able to prevail in the education and medical activities for Koreans by starting missions in the Gunsan region, which had not been noticed by missionaries and Koreans. Through this work, it encourage the Koreans who were pushed to the periphery by the Japanese Imperialism after the opening of port in 1899. Since Gunsan was almost a compulsory modernized place by Japan, Koreans who could not receive modern education and modern medicine had to fall behind in the development of the city. This phenomenon occurred in the entire Joseon Dynasty, but especially in Gunsan, where the street of educated and wealthy Japanese people and the street of poor Koreans were totally different at a glance. Therefore, the typical mission method of establishing church, modern education, modern medical through station was inevitably welcomed in Gunsan area, and this method became effective way. The missionary attitude of The Presbyterian Church in the U.S. has the strength and disadvantage. Presbyterian missionaries have shown missionary abandonment to teach the gospel because they thought missions has a top priority. On the other hand, their attitude of giving priority to missions opened the way to escape from the anti-ethnic attitude such as shrine visits. In addition, their mission-centered approach to the station opened the way for the Japanese to avoid interference as much as possible, providing a place for nationalists to anti-Japan Imperialism work. On the other hand, their limited range of missions was insufficient to affect the whole of Gunsan and Gunsan area. However, the mission and the devotion of missionaries who did medical education and education without discrimination against Koreans in the situation where medicine and education in Gunsan area were mostly targeted to Japanese. This missionary movement as an opportunity to become Christian in Gunsan area, In the cultural and educational level of Gunsan, which has been transformed. Therefore, Christianity could positively influence the modernization of Gunsan.