Metabolic Profiles Distinguish Non-Dampness-Phlegm and Dampness-Phlegm Patterns among Korean Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Cha, Min Ho,Jones, A. Daniel,Ko, Mi Mi,Zhang, Chen,Lee, Myeong Soo Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Traditional Korean Medicine classifies stroke into four subtype patterns according to symptomatic pattern identification: Qi deficiency (QD), Yin deficiency (YD), Dampness-phlegm (DP), and Fire and Heat (FH). This study investigated the difference in metabolic profiles of plasma comparing subjects displaying non-DP and DP patterns. A total of 141 patients with cerebral infarction enrolled in this study were distributed as non-DP (<I>N</I> = 68) and DP (<I>N</I> = 73). Anthropometric parameters and symptom/sign index were measured. Metabolic profiling was performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Ratio of subjects with slippery pulse was higher in DP pattern, but fine pulse was lower than that in non-DP pattern. As a result of metabolomics analysis, twenty-one metabolites displayed different levels between non-DP and DP patterns. Two were identified as lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), LPC(18:2), and LPC(20:3) having an unsaturated acyl chain and showed lower levels in DP pattern than in non-DP pattern (<I>P</I> = 0.015, 0.034, resp.). However, the saturated LPCs, LPC(18:0) and LPC(16:0), exhibited slight but statistically insignificant elevation in DP pattern. Our results demonstrated that plasma LPCs with polyunsaturated fatty acid groups were associated with DP pattern and suggest that variation of plasma lipid profiles may serve as potential biomarker for diagnosis of DP pattern.</P>

Investigation of the Lack of Angiogenesis in the Formation of Lymph Node Metastases

Jeong, Han-Sin,Jones, Dennis,Liao, Shan,Wattson, Daniel A.,Cui, Cheryl H.,Duda, Dan G.,Willett, Christopher G.,Jain, Rakesh K.,Padera, Timothy P. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2015 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.107 No.9

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>To date, antiangiogenic therapy has failed to improve overall survival in cancer patients when used in the adjuvant setting (local-regional disease with no detectable systemic metastasis). The presence of lymph node metastases worsens prognosis, however their reliance on angiogenesis for growth has not been reported.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Here, we introduce a novel chronic lymph node window (CLNW) model to facilitate new discoveries in the growth and spread of lymph node metastases. We use the CLNW in multiple models of spontaneous lymphatic metastases in mice to study the vasculature of metastatic lymph nodes (n = 9–12). We further test our results in patient samples (n = 20 colon cancer patients; n = 20 head and neck cancer patients). Finally, we test the ability of antiangiogenic therapy to inhibit metastatic growth in the CLNW. All statistical tests were two-sided.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Using the CLNW, we reveal the surprising lack of sprouting angiogenesis during metastatic growth, despite the presence of hypoxia in some lesions. Treatment with two different antiangiogenic therapies showed no effect on the growth or vascular density of lymph node metastases (day 10: untreated mean = 1.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7% to 1.7%; control mean = 0.7%, 95% CI = 0.1% to 1.3%; DC101 mean = 0.4%, 95% CI = 0.0% to 3.3%; sunitinib mean = 0.5%, 95% CI = 0.0% to 1.0%, analysis of variance <I>P</I> = .34). We confirmed these findings in clinical specimens, including the lack of reduction in blood vessel density in lymph node metastases in patients treated with bevacizumab (no bevacizumab group mean = 257 vessels/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, 95% CI = 149 to 365 vessels/mm<SUP>2</SUP>; bevacizumab group mean = 327 vessels/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, 95% CI = 140 to 514 vessels/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>P</I> = .78).</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>We provide preclinical and clinical evidence that sprouting angiogenesis does not occur during the growth of lymph node metastases, and thus reveals a new mechanism of treatment resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in adjuvant settings. The targets of clinically approved angiogenesis inhibitors are not active during early cancer progression in the lymph node, suggesting that inhibitors of sprouting angiogenesis as a class will not be effective in treating lymph node metastases.</P>

Antioxidative Activity of Phenolic Acids Isolated from Jindalrae Flowers ( Rhododendron mucronulatum Turz . )

Tea Yung Chung,Mi Ae Kim,A . Daniel Jones 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1996 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1996 No.2

Antioxidative Activity of Flavonoids Isolated from Jindalrae Flowers ( Rhododendron mucronulatum Turz . )

Tae Yung Chung,Mi Ae Kim,A . Daniel Jones 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1996 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1996 No.2

The cages, dynamics, and structuring of incipient methane clathrate hydrates

Walsh, Matthew R.,Rainey, J. Daniel,Lafond, Patrick G.,Park, Da-Hye,Beckham, Gregg T.,Jones, Michael D.,Lee, Kun-Hong,Koh, Carolyn A.,Sloan, E. Dendy,Wu, David T.,Sum, Amadeu K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.44

<P>Interest in describing clathrate hydrate formation mechanisms spans multiple fields of science and technical applications. Here, we report findings from multiple molecular dynamics simulations of spontaneous methane clathrate hydrate nucleation and growth from fully demixed and disordered two-phase fluid systems of methane and water. Across a range of thermodynamic conditions and simulation geometries and sizes, a set of seven cage types comprises approximately 95% of all cages formed in the nucleated solids. This set includes the ubiquitous 5<SUP>12</SUP> cage, the 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> subset (where <I>n</I> ranges from 2–4), and the 4<SUP>1</SUP>5<SUP>10</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> subset (where <I>n</I> also ranges from 2–4). Transformations among these cages occur <I>via</I> water pair insertions/removals and rotations, and may elucidate the mechanisms of solid–solid structural rearrangements observed experimentally. Some consistency is observed in the relative abundance of cages among all nucleation trajectories. 5<SUP>12</SUP> cages are always among the two most abundant cage types in the nucleated solids and are usually the most abundant cage type. In all simulations, the 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> cages outnumber their 4<SUP>1</SUP>5<SUP>10</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> counterparts with the same number of water molecules. Within these consistent features, some stochasticity is observed in certain cage ratios and in the long-range ordering of the nucleated solids. Even when comparing simulations performed at the same conditions, some trajectories yield swaths of multiple adjacent sI unit cells and long-range order over 5 nm, while others yield only isolated sI unit cells and little long-range order. The nucleated solids containing long-range order have higher 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP>2</SUP>/5<SUP>12</SUP> and 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP>3</SUP>/4<SUP>1</SUP>5<SUP>10</SUP>6<SUP>2</SUP> cage ratios when compared to systems that nucleate with little long-range order. The formation of multiple adjacent unit cells of sI hydrate at high driving forces suggests an alternative or addition to the prevailing hydrate nucleation hypotheses which involve formation through amorphous intermediates.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The dominant cages of clathrates are classified and the formation of multiple sI unit cells is reported from large-scale simulations. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1cp21899a'> </P>

Molecular cloning of the tomato <i>Hairless</i> gene implicates actin dynamics in trichome-mediated defense and mechanical properties of stem tissue

Kang, Jin-Ho,Campos, Marcelo L.,Zemelis-Durfee, Starla,Al-Haddad, Jameel M.,Jones, A. Daniel,Telewski, Frank W.,Brandizzi, Federica,Howe, Gregg A. Oxford University Press 2016 Journal of experimental botany Vol.67 No.18

<P>Trichomes are epidermal structures that provide a first line of defense against arthropod herbivores. The recessive <I>hairless</I> (<I>hl</I>) mutation in tomato (<I>Solanum lycopersicum</I> L.) causes severe distortion of trichomes on all aerial tissues, impairs the accumulation of sesquiterpene and polyphenolic compounds in glandular trichomes, and compromises resistance to the specialist herbivore <I>Manduca sexta</I>. Here, we demonstrate that the tomato <I>Hl</I> gene encodes a subunit (SRA1) of the highly conserved WAVE regulatory complex that controls nucleation of actin filaments in a wide range of eukaryotic cells. The tomato <I>SRA1</I> gene spans a 42-kb region containing both <I>Solyc11g013280</I> and <I>Solyc11g013290</I>. The <I>hl</I> mutation corresponds to a complex 3-kb deletion that removes the last exon of the gene. Expression of a wild-type <I>SRA1</I> cDNA in the <I>hl</I> mutant background restored normal trichome development, accumulation of glandular trichome-derived metabolites, and resistance to insect herbivory. These findings establish a role for <I>SRA1</I> in the development of tomato trichomes and also implicate the actin-cytoskeleton network in cytosolic control of specialized metabolism for plant defense. We also show that the brittleness of <I>hl</I> mutant stems is associated with altered mechanical and cell morphological properties of stem tissue, and demonstrate that this defect is directly linked to the mutation in <I>SRA1</I>.</P>

진달래꽃으로부터 분리된 플라보노이드 화합물의 항산화성에 관한 연구

정태영(Tae Yung Chung),김미애(Mi Ae Kim),(A . Daniel Jones) 한국응용생명화학회 1996 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.39 No.4

Seven antioxidative flavonoids were isolated from Jindalrae flowers (Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.), an edible plant in Korea. These compounds were identified as afzelin, ampelopsin, catechin, myricetin, myricitrin, quercetin and quercitrin on the basis of IR, UV, FAB-MS, ¹H NMR, and ^(13)C NMR data. These compounds were consisted of two flavonols, three flavonol glycosides, a flavane, and a dihydroflavonol. The flavonol glycosides (14.4 g) present in both ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions comprised up to 82% of their total flavonoid amount (17.6 g) finally recovered by means of polyamide C-200 column chromatography. preparative TLC, recrystallization, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The antioxidant activities were measured in an ethanol solution of linoleic acid in the presence of ferric thiocyanate. The antioxidant efficiency increased in the order of afzelin$lt;α-tocopherol$lt;catechin$lt;quercitrin$lt;quercetin$lt;myricitrin$lt;ampelopsin$lt;myricetin.

진달래꽃으로부터 분리된 페놀산 화합물의 항산화성에 관한 연구

정태영(Tae Yung Chung),김미애(Mi Ae Kim),(A . Daniel Jones) 한국응용생명화학회 1996 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.39 No.6

Six phenolic acids were isolated from Jindalrae flowers (Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.), an edible plant in Korea. These compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid on the basis of IR, UV, ¹H and ^(13)C NMR, FAB-MS, ES-MS and/or EI-MS data. Chlorogenic acid (0.2 g) present in both ethyl acetate and ethyl ether fractions comprised up to 38.5% of the total phenolic acid amount (0.52 g) finally recovered by means of polyamide C-200 column chromatography, preparative TLC, recrystallization, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The antioxidant activities were measured in an ethanol solution of linoleic acid in the presence of ferric thiocyanate. The antioxidant efficiency increased in the order of p-coumaric acid$lt;α-tocopherol$lt;ferulic acid$lt;caffeic acid$lt;chlorogenic acid$lt;4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid$lt;3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.