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Factors Associated with Insomnia among the Elderly in a Korean Rural Community
WooJung Kim,Wontak Joo,Jiwon Baek,SungYun Sohn,Namkoong Kee,Yoosik Youm,HyeonChang Kim,YeongRan Park,SangHui Chu,EunLee 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4
Objective-Sleep disturbance is common in the elderly, which is result from multi-factorial causes encompassing socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. We aimed to identify factors associated with insomnia among the elderly in a rural community in South Korea, a country with a rapidly growing aged population. Methods-This cross-sectional study used the data from the second wave of the Korean Social life, Health and Ageing Project, which is a cohort study of individuals living in a typical rural community in South Korea. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Various factors suspected to be associated with insomnia were compared between elderly participants with and without insomnia, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for insomnia. Results-We found that 32.4% of 509 participants (72.8±7.7 years old) had insomnia. Female sex [odds ratio (OR)=2.19], low education level (OR=2.44), current smoking (OR=2.26), number of chronic diseases (OR=2.21 for 2-3 chronic diseases; OR=2.06 for 4 or more chronic diseases), and depression (OR=2.53) were independently associated with insomnia. Conclusion-We found that sex, education, chronic disease, and depression independently increase the risk of insomnia of the elderly in a Korean rural community. To overcome the elderly’s insomnia, interventions should target modifiable factors such as depression. To promote active aging, longitudinal studies of factors associated with insomnia among the elderly should be performed in different regions and communities.
Can North Korea Enforce Foreign Arbitration Awards?
WooJung Jon,Tae Jung Park 한국학술연구원 2023 Korea Observer Vol.54 No.3
The enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in North Korea is highly problematic due to the unique legal and economic structures. A dearth of enforcement options for property rights, rooted in limited individual ownership, widespread distrust in local currency, and limited movable assets, leads to a focus on real estate use right for enforcement actions. The absence of private real estate ownership and a proper registration system, however, pose considerable challenges. Article 65 of North Korea’s External Economic Arbitration Law provides seven grounds for refusal to recognize and enforce foreign arbitration awards, one of which allows for broad interpretation, possibly leading to governmental interference or non-enforcement. Furthermore, this article highlights the difficulties in enforcing arbitration awards via real estate assets due to restrictions on ownership and the absence of a real estate registration system. This article also analyzes ambiguities in transferring real estate use rights to foreign creditors following arbitration awards.
Lee Woojung,Kim Min-Hee,Park Juyeon,Kim You Jin,Kim Eiseul,Heo Eun Jeong,Kim Seung Hwan,Kim Gyungcheon,신학동,Kim Soon Han,김해영 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.2
Lettuce is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide. However, it has potential risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination because it is usually consumed raw. In this study, we investigated the changes in the bacterial community on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Chungcheong-do, South Korea, and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens on lettuce in different seasons using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Our data revealed that the Shannon diversity index showed the same tendency in term of the number of OTUs, with the index being greatest for summer samples in comparison to other seasons. Moreover, the microbial communities were significantly different between the four seasons. The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota varied according to the season. Family Micrococcaceae was most dominant in all samples except summer, and Rhizobiaceae was predominant in the microbiome of the summer sample. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus was greatest in spring samples, whereas Pseudomonas was greatest in winter samples. Potential pathogens, such as Staphylococcus and Clostridium, were detected with low relative abundance in all lettuce samples. We also performed metagenome shotgun sequencing analysis on the selected summer and winter samples, which were expected to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens, to support 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing dataset. Moreover, we could detect seasonal biomarkers and microbial association networks of microbiota on lettuce samples. Our results suggest that seasonal characteristics of lettuce microbial communities, which include diverse potential pathogens, can be used as basic data for food safety management to predict and prevent future outbreaks.
대장내시경 전처치로 Picosulfate Sodium/Magnesium Citrate 사용 후 발생한 혼수를 동반한 급성 저나트륨혈증 1예
김우중 ( Woojung Kim ),박상영 ( Sang Young Park ),김미정 ( Mi Jeoung Kim ),구향모 ( Hyang Mo Koo ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회지 Vol.91 No.2
결론적으로, PS/MC는 효과적인 대장내시경 전처치제이나 장점막에 미세한 염증반응을 일으키거나, 삼투 효과에 의한 장점막에서의 수분과 전해질의 이동, 메스꺼움 등 비삼투성자극을 통한 ADH 과분비를 유발함으로써 저나트륨혈증 등의 전해질 불균형이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 고령, 갑상선기능저하증, 기저 심장/신장/간질환이 있는 환자에게 처방시 특별한 주의가 요구되며, 갑작스러운 혈장량의 감소가 발생하지 않도록 전처치시 적절한 수분섭취를 교육하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 비교적 맛과 용량 면에서 순응도가 높은 하제임에도 PS/MC가 위팽만이나 구역, 구토를 유발할 수 있고 항진된 장운동 자체도 비삼투성 자극체로서 ADH를 상당 수준과발현시켜 의식 소실이나 신경학적 이상을 유발할 정도의 심각한 저나트륨혈증이 발생할 수 있으며, 이것이 탈수나 기타 위험 인자가 없는 상황에서도 충분히 합병될 수 있음을 의료진이 인지하여, 3% 고장성 식염수나 항경련제 등의 치료가 시기적절하게 진행될 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요하겠다. Picosulfate sodium/Magnesium citrate (PS/MC) is a common bowel cleansing agent for colonoscopy. It is equally effective and better tolerated by patients with regard to taste and volume than polyethylene glycol. However, because of its osmotically active characteristics, PS/MC can cause plasma volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances, such as hyponatremia. Here, we report a case of severe hyponatremia combined with loss of consciousness in a 59-year-old woman following ingestion of PS/MC as bowel preparation for a screening colonoscopy. Upon arrival, serum sodium level was 109 mEq/L and urine osmolality and sodium levels were 393 mOms/Kg and 99 mmol/L, respectively. She was euvolemic and showed normal kidney, thyroid, and adrenal function. Based on these findings, inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) was diagnosed. She was treated with 3% hypertonic saline and completely recovered without any neurologic sequelae. This case shows that SIADH can be caused by PS/MC (not accompanied by dehydration), even in patients without any underlying renal, heart, or liver diseases. (Korean J Med 2016;91:206-210)