중국 禁忌談

유동청 경희대학교 민속학연구소 2003 한국의 민속과 문화 Vol.7 No.-

China has magnificent history and culture for nearly five thousand years. As one king of the culture of folk custom, the taboo plays a very important role in daily life, and it has influenced people's material and cultural life from many aspects. Many kinds of taboo exists extensively in every society in the world. However, Chinese taboo has the longest history, the most complicated changes, and the biggest impact to the society. It transformed from barbarous social customs into a political and civilized system, the Feudalism. The Feudalism has lasted for thousands of years. Although the Feudalism collapsed a long time ago, the Chinese taboo passed on from generation to generation, and has become a imperceptiblied habit in daily life. In this paper, I chose a few kinds of Chinese taboo, and I'm going to study the background and social origin of Chinese taboo. The first part I quoted taboo's definition is from the Encyclopedia of Chinese Taboo. The second part, Chinese Taboos are divided by five directories, and every one is explained with some instances. The third part, According to the taboo target, Chinese taboos are mentioned in detail, such as objects, living things, peoples, time, taboo language. The forth part, the importance of studying Chinese taboos is expounded.

Bacterial Community Structure and Function Shift in Rhizosphere Soil of Tobacco Plants Infected by Meloidogyne incognita

Wenjie Tong(Wenjie Tong),Junying Li(Junying Li),Wenfeng Cong(Wenfeng Cong),Cuiping Zhang(Cuiping Zhang),Zhaoli Xu(Zhaoli Xu),Xiaolong Chen(Xiaolong Chen),Min Yang(Min Yang),Jiani Liu(Jiani Liu),Lei Yu 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6

Root-knot nematode disease is a widespread and catastrophic disease of tobacco. However, little is known about the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community and root-knot nematode disease. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt to assess bacterial community structure and function changes in rhizosphere soil from Meloidogyne incognita-infected tobacco plants. We studied the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of M. incognita-infected and uninfected tobacco plants through a paired comparison design in two regions of tobacco planting area, Yuxi and Jiuxiang of Yunnan Province, southwest China. According to the findings, M. incognita infection can alter the bacterial population in the soil. Uninfested soil has more operational taxonomic unit numbers and richness than infested soil. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed clear separations between bacterial communities from infested and uninfested soil, indicating that different infection conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial community structures in soils. Firmicutes was prevalent in infested soil, but Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were prevalent in uninfested soil. Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant bacteria genera, and their abundance were higher in infested soil. By PICRUSt analysis, some metabolism-related functions and signal transduction functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community in the M. incognita infection-tobacco plants had a higher relative abundance than those uninfected. As a result, rhizosphere soils from tobacco plants infected with M. incognita showed considerable bacterial community structure and function alterations.

Clearance Measurement Equipment for Gas Lubricated Dynamic Pressure Bearing of Gyro Motor

Tong-qun Ren,Zhi-rou Liu,Xiang-dong Xu,Yu Liu,Xiaodong Wang 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.12

The clearance of gas lubricated dynamic pressure bearing of gyro motor refers specifically to small internal air gap between the rotor and stator. The clearance size is an important indicator of running performance of a motor. In this work, a dedicated clearance measurement equipment is developed. The clearance is converted to external micro displacement and measured by dual inductive probes with relative measurement principle. For this purpose, three main functional modules are designed together with corresponding electronic and pneumatic control systems. The clamp fixation module helps to support the measured bearing flexibly at the shaft end, which is conducive to protect the bearing and ensure the smoothness of force application. The force application module consists of a 3-D precision motion platform and a triaxial force sensor. It converts internal air gap to external micro displacement in cooperation with the clamp fixation module. The displacement measurement module is a 2-D precision motion platform carrying dual inductive probes. Based on theoretical analysis and practical experiments, the measurement accuracy is superior to 0.3 μm. Moreover, it realizes controllable and continuous force application, which is suitable for batch measurement.

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of SOX11 in Breast Cancer

Liu, Dao-Tong,Peng-Zhao, Peng-Zhao,Han, Jing-Yan,Lin, Fan-Zhong,Bu, Xian-Min,Xu, Qing-Xia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Recently, the transcription factor SOX11 has gained extensive attention as a diagnostic marker in a series of cancers. However, to date, the possible roles of SOX11 in breast cancer has not been investigated. In this study, immunohistochemical staining for SOX11 was performed for 116 cases of breast cancer. Nuclear SOX11 was observed in 42 (36.2%) and cytoplasmic SOX11 in 52 (44.8%) of breast cancer samples. Moreover, high expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear SOX11 was associated with clinicopathological factors, including earlier tumor grade, absence of lymph node metastasis and smaller tumor size. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated high nuclear SOX11 expression to be associated with more prolonged overall survival than those with low expression and it could be an independent predictor of survival for breast cancer patients. It is worthwhile to note that cytoplasmic SOX11 was not correlated with prognosis of breast cancer patients. These data suggest the possibility that nuclear SOX11 could be as a potential target for breast cancer therapy.

Driver`s Face Detection Using Space-time Restrained Adaboost Method

( Tong Liu ),( Jianbin Xie ),( Wei Yan ),( Peiqin Li ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.9

Face detection is the first step of vision-based driver fatigue detection method. Traditional face detection methods have problems of high false-detection rates and long detection times. A space-time restrained Adaboost method is presented in this paper that resolves these problems. Firstly, the possible position of a driver`s face in a video frame is measured relative to the previous frame. Secondly, a space-time restriction strategy is designed to restrain the detection window and scale of the Adaboost method to reduce time consumption and false-detection of face detection. Finally, a face knowledge restriction strategy is designed to confirm that the faces detected by this Adaboost method. Experiments compare the methods and confirm that a driver`s face can be detected rapidly and precisely.

Silencing of Rac3 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Lung Cancer Cells

Liu, Tie-Qin,Wang, Ge-Bang,Li, Zheng-Jun,Tong, Xiang-Dong,Liu, Hong-Xu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: Rac3, a member of the Rac family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), regulates a variety of cell functions, including the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, and invasion. Overexpression of Rac3 has been reported in several human cancers. However, the role of Rac3 in lung cancer (LC) has not been determined in detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silencing of Rac3 expression in human LC cells and the consequences for cell survival. Materials and Methods: Lentivirus small hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference techniques were utilized to knock down the Rac3 gene. Gene and protein expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. LC cell apoptosis was examined by annexin V-APC /propidium iodide staining. Results: Efficient silencing of Rac3 strongly inhibited A549 cell proliferation and colony formation ability, and significantly decreased tumor growth. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that knockdown of Rac3 led to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest as well as an excess accumulation of cells in the G1 and S phase. Conclusions: Thus, functional analysis using shRNAs revealed a critical role for Rac3 in the tumor growth of LC cells. shRNA silencing of Rac3 could provide an effective strategy to treat LC.

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and F-box Proteins in Pathogenic Fungi

( Tong Bao Liu ),( Chao Yang Xue ) 한국균학회 2011 Mycobiology Vol.39 No.4

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is one of the major protein turnover mechanisms that plays important roles in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. It is composed of E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 ubiquitin ligases that transfer ubiquitin to the substrates that are subjected to degradation in the 26S proteasome. The Skp1, Cullin, F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligases are the largest E3 gene family, in which the F-box protein is the key component to determine substrate specificity. Although the SCF E3 ligase and its F-box proteins have been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only limited studies have been reported on the role of F-box proteins in other fungi. Recently, a number of studies revealed that F-box proteins are required for fungal pathogenicity. In this communication, we review the current understanding of F-box proteins in pathogenic fungi.

Finger Vein Representation by Modified Binary Tree Model

Tong Liu,Jianbin Xie,Huanzhang Lu,Wei Yan,Peiqin Li 한국산학기술학회 2013 SmartCR Vol.3 No.2

Finger vein recognition has high identification accuracy and strong security performance, which can be used in banks, offices, factories, etc. Although image representation is not a necessary process for finger vein recognition, a proper representation method can help to explore distribution regularities and structure differences of finger veins, and provides instructive information for finger vein recognition. It is very difficult to represent finger veins because of their irregular structure. Therefore, four principles (caliber uniformity, node replication, loop splitting, and virtual connection) are proposed in this paper, first to simplify the finger vein structure as a binary tree structure. Then a modified binary tree model is proposed based on the binary tree structure. The new model uses the binary tree to describe the relationships between different vein branches and uses a B-spline function to describe the spatial structure of vein branches. Experiments show that this model can quantitatively describe the relationships between, and the spatial structure of, vein branches with little representation error and low storage space requirements.

Video smoke detection with block DNCNN and visual change image

( Tong Liu ),( Jianghua Cheng ),( Zhimin Yuan ),( Honghu Hua ),( Kangcheng Zhao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.9

Smoke detection is helpful for early fire detection. With its large coverage area and low cost, vision-based smoke detection technology is the main research direction of outdoor smoke detection. We propose a two-stage smoke detection method combined with block Deep Normalization and Convolutional Neural Network (DNCNN) and visual change image. In the first stage, each suspected smoke region is detected from each frame of the images by using block DNCNN. According to the physical characteristics of smoke diffusion, a concept of visual change image is put forward in this paper, which is constructed by the video motion change state of the suspected smoke regions, and can describe the physical diffusion characteristics of smoke in the time and space domains. In the second stage, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to classify the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features of visual change images of the suspected smoke regions, in this way to reduce the false alarm caused by the smoke-like objects such as cloud and fog. Simulation experiments are carried out on two public datasets of smoke. Results show that the accuracy and recall rate of smoke detection are high, and the false alarm rate is much lower than that of other comparison methods.

Cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 26Al) erosion rate constraints in the Badain Jaran Desert, northwest China: implications for surface erosion mechanisms and landform evolution

Tong Zhao,Wenjing Liu,Zhifang Xu,Taoze Liu,Sheng Xu,Lifeng Cui,Chao Shi 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.1

Both tectonics and climate affect surface erosion and change the landform. Long-term surface erosion rates determined by in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides are useful quantitative constraints for landform evolution in geological time scale. Measurements of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in the granitic rocks exposed in the Badain Jaran Desert, give a mean erosion rate of 7.3 ± 2.6 m/Ma, which is an order of magnitude higher than those reported in other extremely arid regions. Tectonic activity is supposed to be the first order control on regional erosion rate by comparing the 10Be erosion rates of arid regions with different precipitation ranges and tectonic activities worldwide. However the higher erosion rates in the Badain Jaran Desert compared with other arid regions within the stable tectonic background were attributed to the wind erosion and periodically warmer and wetter climate since late Pleistocene. Besides, the estimated eroded mass flux of 7.8 × 104 t/y suggests that erosion products of bedrocks in the Badian Jaran Desert only contribute minor desert deposits, which indicates massive exogenous materials input to the desert.