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( Sarah Augustina ),( Sari Delviana Marbun ),( Sudarmanto ),( Narto ),( Deazy Rachmi Trisatya ),( Eko Budi Santoso ),( Dhimas Pramadani ),( Nanda Nur Afni ),( Tushliha Ayyuni Fariha ),( Gabriel Wiwind 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.6
Samama wood (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil) is a fast-growing and lesser-utilized wood species that has inferior properties; therefore, its quality needs to be improved. This research aimed to determine the effect of citric acid impregnation at high curing temperatures on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood. Citric acid solution with 10% concentration (w/w) was impregnated into wood samples by vacuum-pressure method (-0.5 cmHg, 30 min; 0.7 MPa, 3 h), followed by curing process at 140℃, 160℃, and 180℃ of temperature for 1 h. In comparison, the other wood samples were heat treated at the same temperatures and time. The results showed that the increase in curing and heat temperatures for both treatments were directly proportional to the dimensional stability, but inversely proportional to the mechanical properties. Citric acid impregnated had higher density, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties, except for modulus of rupture, than that of heat treatment. The optimum temperature is suggested at 160℃ in both treatments.
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Novie Amelia Chozie,Djajadiman Gatot,Bambang Sudarmanto,Susi Susanah,Rini Purnamasari,Pudjo Hagung Widjajanto,Susanto Nugroho,Olga Rasiyanti,Dian Puspitasari,Muhammad Riza,Maria Christina Shanty Laras 대한혈액학회 2022 Blood Research Vol.57 No.4
Background Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor diagnosis and surveillance in Indonesia are challenging owing to geographic conditions and the lack of laboratory facilities nationwide for inhibitor assays. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FVIII inhibitors in children diagnosed with hemophilia A (HA) in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 hospitals in eight provinces of Indonesia between 2020 and 2021. Factor VIII inhibitor screening was performed in a central hemostasis laboratory for all children with HA (≤18 yr) who had received a minimum of 10 exposure days to clotting factor concentrates. The FVIII inhibitor titer was determined using the Bethesda assay. Results Children (388) were enrolled in this study, including 219 (56.4%), 131 (33.8%), and 38 (9.4%) with severe, moderate, and mild HA, respectively. The prevalence of children who developed FVIII inhibitors was 37 out of 388 (9.6%). Factor VIII inhibitors were found in 25/219 (11.4%) severe, 11/131 (8.3%) moderate, and 1/38 (2.6%) children with mild HA. Thirteen children had low-titer inhibitors and 24 had high-titer inhibitors, with a median of 9.44 (1.48‒412.0) Bethesda Units. Among 13 children with low-titer inhibitors, eight underwent a confirmation test, of which five tested negative and were classified as transient. A significant difference in annual joint bleeding rate was found between patients with low and high inhibitor titers and those without inhibitors (P <0.001). Conclusion Factor VIII inhibitor prevalence in Indonesia was relatively low. However, the risk factors that may contribute to FVIII inhibitor development among Indonesian patients require further study.
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Governing Sustainability Transitions in Asia
Eric Zusman,So-Young Lee,Ryoko Nakano,Daisuke Sano,Unchulee Lualon,Sudarmanto Budi Nugroho 한국환경사회학회 2014 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.18 No.1
최근 아시아 여러 지역에서 발생하는 각종 환경문제는 지속가능한 사회를 위해 ‘전환’의 노력이 시급함을 예증하고 있으며 이에 따른 각국 정부의 전환적 시도 또한 주목할만하다. 유럽을 중심으로 활발히 진행되어 온 지속가능전환 연구는 지속가능 사회로의 전환과정에서 기술개발과 정부개입 뿐만 아니라 거버넌스와 사회적학습이 중요하며 특히 정책결정과정에서 중앙과 지방정부, 시민사회 행위자들의 역할의 중요성을 피력해 오고 있다. 주목할 부분은 앞서 언급한 아시아 지역에서의 다양한 시도들의 경우 지속가능전환을 유도하고 지원할 수 있는 사회변화나 거버넌스에 대한 관심이 여전히 미흡하다는 점이다. 본 논문은 지속가능전환 연구를 아시아 각국 사례에 적용분석하고 특히 의사결정 혹은 집행과정에 있어서 초래되는 사회적 배제와 그 결과를 살펴본다. 후쿠시마 이후 일본의 분산형 에너지 정책, 태국의 개방연소 및 연무오염 정책 입안 과정, 그리고 인도네시아의 지속가능교통 체제로의 전환 과정을 통해 소외된 이해당사자를 포함하는 것이 전환을 촉진시키는 기폭제로서의 역할을 수행할 수 있음을 증명한다. 이는 사회적 포함과 환경적 지속가능성의 양립에 대한 필요성뿐만 아니라 거버넌스가 이 관계를 강화할 수 있음을 전제한다. From North Asia’s “airpocalypses” to South Asia’s water crises, the signs that Asia needs to transition to more sustainable development models are as clear as they are compelling. There is also an equally compelling body of literature on how countries can transition to more sustainable development models. However, much of the sustainable transitions literature focuses on cases in Europe. This paper brings the literature on sustainability transitions to Asia. In so doing, it highlights the importance of governance arrangements that harness the energies of marginalised groups to initiate and advance sustainability transitions in three cases: decentralised energy policy in Japan; open burning and haze pollution in Thailand; and environmentally sustainable transport in Indonesia. The cases illustrate that the including marginalised stakeholders can indeed inject momentum into transitions. At the same time, they underscore that national and local governments may play a greater role in governing sustainability transitions in Asia than Europe.
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Nanosulfated Silica as a Potential Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Nitrobenzene
Khairul Amri,Aan Sabilladin,Remi Ayu Pratika,Ari Sudarmanto,Hilda Ismail,Budhijanto,Mega Fia Lestari,오원춘,Karna Wijaya 한국재료학회 2023 한국재료학회지 Vol.33 No.7
In this study, the synthesis of nitrobenzene was carried out using sulfated silica catalyst. The study delved into H2SO4/SiO2 as a solid acid catalyst and the effect of its weight variation, as well as the use of a microwave batch reactor in the synthesis of nitrobenzene. SiO2 was prepared using the sol-gel method from TEOS precursor. The formed gel was then refluxed with methanol and calcined at a temperature of 600 °C. SiO2 with a 200-mesh size was impregnated with 98 % H2SO4 by mixing for 1 h. The resulting 33 % (w/w) H2SO4/SiO2 catalyst was separated by centrifugation, dried, and calcined at 600 °C. The catalyst was then used as a solid acid catalyst in the synthesis of nitrobenzene. The weights of catalyst used were 0.5; 1; and 1.5 grams. The synthesis of nitrobenzene was carried out with a 1:3 ratio of benzene to nitric acid in a microwave batch reactor at 60 °C for 5 h. The resulting nitrobenzene liquid was analyzed using GC-MS to determine the selectivity of the catalyst. Likewise, the use of a microwave batch reactor was found to be appropriate and successful for the synthesis of nitrobenzene. The thermal energy produced by the microwave batch reactor was efficient enough to be used for the nitration reaction. Reactivity and selectivity tests demonstrated that 1 g of H2SO4/SiO2 could generate an average benzene conversion of 40.33 %.
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