http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Russo Luca,Avesani Giacomo,Gui Benedetta,Trombadori Charlotte Marguerite Lucille,Salutari Vanda,Perri Maria Teresa,Di Paola Valerio,Rodolfino Elena,Scambia Giovanni,Manfredi Riccardo 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.8
Immunotherapy is an effective treatment option for gynecological malignancies. Radiologists dealing with gynecological patients undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors should be aware of unconventional immune-related imaging features for the evaluation of tumor response and immune-related adverse events. In this paper, immune checkpoint inhibitors used for gynecological malignancies and their mechanisms of action are briefly presented. In the second part, patterns of pseudoprogression are illustrated, and different forms of immune-related adverse events are discussed.
Interplay Between Cognitive and Bowel/Bladder Function in Multiple Sclerosis
Antonio Carotenuto,Teresa Costabile,Marcello Moccia,Fabrizia Falco,Maria Petracca,Barbara Satelliti,Cinzia Valeria Russo,Francesco Saccà,Roberta Lanzillo,Vincenzo Brescia Morra 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2021 International Neurourology Journal Vol.25 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bowel/bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its associations with cognitive impairment. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 150 MS patients. Patients were administered the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Score (NBDS), and the Actionable Bladder Symptom Screening Tool (ABSST). The associations between bowel/bladder dysfunction and cognitive function were assessed through hierarchical regression models using the SDMT and clinicodemographic features as independent variables and NBDS and ABSST scores as dependent variables. Results: The prevalence of bowel/bladder deficits was 44.7%, with 26 patients (17.3%) suffering from bowel deficits and 60 patients (40%) from bladder deficits. The total NBDS and ABSST scores were correlated with the SDMT (β=-0.10, P<0.001 and β=-0.03, P=0.04, respectively) after correction for demographic features and physical disability. Conclusions: Bowel/bladder disorders are common in MS and are associated with both physical and cognitive disability burdens. As SDMT is embedded into routine clinical assessments, a lower score may warrant investigating bowel/bladder dysfunction due to the strong interplay of these factors.