Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

M. G. Haider,E. H. Chowdhury,M. A. H. N. A. Khan,M. T. Hossain,M. S. Rahman,송희종,M. M. Hossain 한국가금학회 2008 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 2 × 107 CFU, 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 2 × 107 CFU, 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

Haider, M.G.,Chowdhury, E.H.,Khan, M.A.H.N.A.,Hossain, M.T.,Rahman, M.S.,Song, H.J.,Hossain, M.M. The Korean Society of Poultry Science 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

이 실험은 추백리의 병원성을 연구하고자 2006년 2월부터 12월까지 Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum 야외주를 분리한 후, 이를 건강한 닭에 실험적으로 감염시킨 다음 임상증상, 여러 기관의 육안 및 조직병리학적 검색과 아울러 공격주의 재분리와 동정을 시도하였다. S. Pullorum에 혈청학적으로 음성인 12주령의 100수의 암탉을 $A{\sim}E$까지 20수씩 5그룹으로 구분하였다. $A{\sim}DS$. Pullorum을 $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$로 각각 경구 감염시켰고, E는 비감염 대조군으로 삼았다. 실험 방법으로는 부검, 조직병리학적 검사, Salmonella에 대한 세균 배양, 염색, 생화학적 특성을 조사하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Fabrication of Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4)Nanoparticles by a Facile Route

M. F. Rahman,M. S. Haque,M. Hasan,M. A. Hakim 한국전기전자재료학회 2019 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.20 No.6

Monoclinic bismuth vanadate (m-BiVO4 ) has attracted many researchers as an advanced photocatalyst for hydrogen production via water splitting and degradation of organic contaminants. In this study, pure m-BiVO4 nanoparticles were fabricated by an easy reproducible solid state route at different temperatures (500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C and 700 °C) for 2 h. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray Diff ractometer where all the diff raction patterns reveal characteristic peaks corresponding to m-BiVO 4 with space group C2/c. Obtained m-BiVO4 particles have the lattice parameters: a = 7.2477 Å, b = 11.6970 Å, c = 5.0900 Å and the volume of the unit cell is 309.23 (106 pm 3 ). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy exhibits formation of Bi–O bond in the prepared nano powders. Ultraviolet–Visible diff use refl ectance spectroscopy suggests that nanostructured BiVO4 particles possess strong energy absorption properties both in visible and ultraviolet region. The particles show red shift of band gap as the calcination temperature rises and possible reasons have been discussed. Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy confi rms presence of Bi, V, and O without any contaminant, while particle’s morphology was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope.

A COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREM IN AN M*-METRIC SPACE AND AN APPLICATION

Gharib M. Gharib,Abed Al-Rahman M. Malkawi,Ayat M. Rabaiah,Was A. Shatanawi,Maha S. Alsauodi 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.27 No.2

In this paper, we introduce the concept of M*-metric spaces and how much the M*-metric and the b-metric spaces are related. Moreover, we introduce some ways of generating M*-metric spaces. Also, we investigate some types of convergence associated with M*-metric spaces. Some common fixed point for contraction and generalized contraction mappings in M*-metric spaces. Our work has been supported by many examples and an application.

Enhanced protection against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets by oral co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interferon-α and interleukin-18

Lee, B.M.,Han, Y.W.,Kim, S.B.,Rahman, M.M.,Uyangaa, E.,Kim, J.H.,Roh, Y.S.,Kim, B.,Han, S.B.,Hong, J.T.,Kim, K.,Eo, S.K. Pergamon Press 2011 Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectiou Vol.34 No.4

The enhanced effect of cytokine combinations has been assessed empirically, based on their immunobiological mechanisms. However, far less is known of the enhanced protection of practical cytokine combinations against viral infection in the livestock industry, due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. This study demonstrates the enhanced protection of oral co-administration of swine interferon-α (swIFN-α) and interleukin-18 (swIL-18) against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in piglets using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as carrier of cytokine proteins. A single oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α and swIL-18 induced enhanced alleviation of the severity of diarrhea caused by TGEV infection, compared to piglets administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α or swIL-18 alone. This enhancement was further observed by the reduction of TGEV shedding and replication, and the expression of IFN-stimulated gene products in the intestinal tract. The results suggest that the combined administration of the swIFN-α and swIL-18 cytokines using attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier provides enhanced protection against intestinal tract infection with TGEV.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Heritiera fomes (Buch.-Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans

Islam Md. Emdadul,Islam Kazi Mohammed Didarul,Billah Md. Morsaline,Biswas Rana,Sohrab Md. Hossain,Rahman S. M. Mahbubur 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.2

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Heritiera fomes ethanolic extract was evaluated.Query Ethanolic extraction of dried and grinded plant leaves and bark was performed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were also determined. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by in vitro human RBC membrane stabilizing assay and in vivo mice paw edema test. Ethanolic bark and leaf extracts of H. fomes (S1 and S2, respectively) showed significant scavenging effect on DPPH scavenging 68.51 µg/ml for S1 and 108.64 µg/ml for S2. Potent reduction potential (FRAP) was observed in S1 (83.75 mM of ferrous equivalent) while the FRAP of standard ascorbic acid was found 86.66 μM of ferrous equivalent. S1 also exhibited 87.43% β-carotene bleaching inhibition as comparable to standard butylated hydroxytoluene with 98.85% inhibition. Substantial phenolic and flavonoid content was also observed in S1 (136.83 μg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and 76.67 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively). S1 could provide 61.73% and 53.27% protection of RBC membrane in hypotonicity and heat induced lysis of RBC, respectively while the standard diclofenac sodium provided 91.66% and 86.66% protection, respectively. Furthermore, 44.16% reduction in mice paw edema at 40 μg/kg bw concentration was observed in S1 as compared to standard indomethacine (53.54% in 10 μg/kg bw concentration). The results revealed that the bark extract (S1) of H. fomes possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Natural wind-driven ultra-compact and highly efficient hybridized nanogenerator for self-sustained wireless environmental monitoring system

Rahman, M. Toyabur,Salauddin, Md,Maharjan, P.,Rasel, M.S.,Cho, Hyunok,Park, Jae Yeong Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.57 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Owing to the climate change and energy crisis, harvesting energy from our surroundings and the construction of self-powered wireless environmental monitoring systems are promising approaches in modern times. In this paper, an ultra-compact highly efficient miniaturized windmill comprising a hybridized nanogenerator (MW-HNG) is reported based on three conversion mechanisms <I>i.e.</I> triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), and electromagnetic generator (EMG). The MW-HNG is designed as a 3D-printed fully-enclosed structure for the natural wind energy harvesting by converting into rotational motion: all harvesting units reside in a common rotation system to effectively and simultaneously produce electricity. At a wind speed of 6 m/s, the flexible-blade-based hybridization-mode (contact–lateral sliding–separation–contact) TENG and coupled PENG can generate maximal power values of 1.67 mW and 1.38 mW at optimal load resistances of 10 MΩ and 330 KΩ, respectively. In contrast, the multipole-magnet-based EMG can obtain a maximal output power of 268.6 mW at 180 Ω. The MW-HNG demonstrates a quick charging ability for capacitors and the capability to feed hundreds of LEDs. Further, a self-powered wireless sensor system is developed for real-time environmental monitoring by combining an MW-HNG, a customized power management circuit, and wireless sensor unit (a smartphone to display sensor data). Our proposed MW-HNG is suitable for self-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the subway system by generating high-power electrical output from moving-induced wind mechanical energy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 3D-printed fully-enclosed hybridized nanogenerator for wind energy harvesting. </LI> <LI> Integrated three popular conversion mechanisms into a single energy harvesting unit. </LI> <LI> Flexible-blade-based hybridizing TENG, coupled PENG and multipole-magnet-based EMG. </LI> <LI> Potential application in subway system for illuminating billboard and animated LEDs. </LI> <LI> Self-powered wireless environmental sensor with real-time monitoring <I>via</I> smartphone. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of Lubricant with Nanodiamond Particles in Sliding Friction

M. H. Adzaman,A. Rahman,Y. Z. Lee,S. S. Kim 한국트라이볼로지학회 2015 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.31 No.4

This paper presents the experimental effects of lubricant with nanodiamond particles in sliding friction. In order to improve the performance of lubricants many additives are used, such as MoS2, cadmium chloride, indium, sulfides, and phosphides. These additives are harmful to human health and to the environment, so alternatives are necessary. One such alternative is nanodiamond powder, which has a large surface area. In order to investigate the effect of nanodiamonds in lubricants under sliding friction, they are dispersed in the lubricant at a variety of concentrations (0 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1 wt%) using the matrix synthesis method. Friction and wear tests are performed according to the ASTM G99 method using a pin-on-disc tester at room temperature. The specimens used in this experiment are AISI 52100 ball bearings and AISI 1020 steel discs. During the test, lubricant mixed with nanodiamond is supplied constantly to keep the two bodies separated by a lubricant film. To maintain boundary lubrication, the speed is set to 0.18 m/s and a load of 294 N is applied to the disc through the pin. Results are recorded by using workbench software over the test duration of 10 minutes. Experimental results show that when the concentration of nanodiamond increases, the coefficient of friction decreases. However, above a nanodiamond concentration of 0.5 wt%, both the coefficient of friction and wear volume increase. From this experiment, the optimum concentration of nanodiamond showing a minimum coefficient of friction of 0.09 and minimum wear volume of 0.82 nm2 was 0.5 wt%.

Immune Defense of Rats Immunized with Fennel Honey, Propolis, and Bee Venom Against Induced Staphylococcal Infection

S.M. Sayed,Ghada A. Abou El-Ella,Nahed M. Wahba,Neveen A. El Nisr,Khaled Raddad,M.F. Abd El Rahman,M.M. Abd El Hafeez,Ahmed Abd El Fattah Aamer 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potency of bee product-immunized rats to overcome an induced Staphylococcus aureus infection. Forty rats were divided to eight groups: T1, T3, and T5 received, respectively, fennel honey, ethanol, and aqueous propolis extracts orally, and T2, T4, and T6 were administered the respective materials intraperitoneally; T7 received bee venom by the bee sting technique; and T8 was the control group. All groups were challenged by a bovine clinical mastitis isolate of S. aureus. Each rat received 2mL of broth inoculated with 1×105 colony-forming units/mL intraperitoneally. Two weeks post-induced infection all rats were sacrificed and eviscerated for postmortem inspection and histopathological study. Three rats from T8 and one rat from T7 died before sacrifice. Another two rats, one each in T4 and T5, had morbidity manifestations. The remaining experimental animals showed apparently healthy conditions until time of sacrifice. Postmortem inspection revealed that all T8 rats showed different degrees of skeletal muscle and internal organ paleness with scattered focal pus nodules mainly on lungs and livers. All rats of the treated groups showed normal postmortem features except three rats. A dead rat in group T7 showed focal pus nodules on the lung surface only, whereas the affected two rats in groups T4 and T5 appeared normal except with some pus nodules, but much smaller than in the control, scattered on the hepatic surface and mesentery. Histopathological studies revealed that T8 rats had typical suppurative bronchopneumonia and or severe degenerative and necrobiotic changes in hepatic tissues. Three affected rats of the treated groups showed slight bronchopneumonia or degenerative hepatic changes only. The other animals of the treated groups showed completely normal parenchymatous organs with stimulated lymphatic tissues. It was concluded that all tested previously bee product-immunized rats could significantly challenge the induced S. aureus infection (P<.01). The effects were more pronounced in rats that had received fennel honey solution.

Effects of Faecal Sludge and Food Waste Composts on Seed Germination and Initial Growth Performance of Acacia auriculiformis (A. Cunn. ex Benth.) and Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

Rahman, Md. Rayhanur,Hosen, Nowshad Md. Sohrab,Huda, S.M. Shamsul,Faraj, Turki Kh. Institute of Forest Science 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.4

The study was conducted to observe the effects of compost of faecal sludge (FSC) and food waste (FWC) on seed germination and initial growth performance of Acacia auriculiformis and Swietenia mahagoni seedlings at the nursery of Chittagong University, Bangladesh. Before sowing the seeds, different combinations of FSC and FWC were incorporated with nutrient-deficient natural forest soils. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings were recorded after two, three and four month of seed sowing. We observed that seed germination (%) and seedlings growth parameters varied significantly (p<0.05) in the soil added with FSC and FWC in comparison to control. The highest germination was observed 88.89% for A. auriculiformis in combination of soil and FSC at 3:1 and 92.59% for S. mahagoni where soil combined with FWC at 4:1. The seedling biomass and other growth parameters of A. auriculiformis and S. mahagoni was also observed with combinations of soil with FSC 3:1 and soil with FWC 4:1. Therefore, the study revealed that the compost of both FS and FW can be a good soil conditioner for the initial growth of forest seedlings and the proven combinations can help to grow quality seedlings in the nursery.