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Consumption and disposal behaviors of primary and secondary batteries from households
( Junya Yano ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-
Batteries are one of the indispensable products in our society. Among 4.4 billion of batteries sold in Japan as of 2019, secondary ((rechargeable) battery battery accounted for 64%. In recent years, it was reported that ignition and fire accidents caused by lithium-ion batteries during waste collection, intermediate treatment, and waste treatment processes has been increased. Considering countermeasures, understanding investigate actual consumption, usage, and disposal behaviors by the consumers is important. Therefore, an internet questionnaire survey (valid respondents: 3,973) was conducted to clarify the actual status of primary (disposable) and secondary battery from households. This survey was used to estimate the inflow, stock, and discharge of small household batteries, as well as to clarify behaviors and attitudes related to the purchase and discharge of primary and secondary batteries. As results, it was found that the highest response rate for both reasons for purchasing and not purchasing secondary battery was for economic aspects (long-term economic benefits and high initial cost), indicating the importance of recognizing correct information on economic efficiency. Number of batteries annually purchased and disposed from households were estimated to be 5.96 and 4.67 per capita, respectively. As domestic stocks, number of batteries unused, in used, and stocked after usage, were estimated to be 4.96, 5.11, and 2.01 per capita, respectively. Among the batteries disposed, secondary battery accounted for 7.2%. However, secondary batteries accounted for 22% of batteries in use. The proportion of secondar batteries disposed will likely increase in the future. It was also found that only 57% and 44% of respondents in Kyoto city disposed primary and secondary batteries properly in accordance with the guidance by the municipality. Therefore, further dissemination of correct sorting methods is needed.
( Junya Yano ),( Tatsuki Aoki ),( Kazuo Nakamura ),( Kazuo Yamada ),( Shin-ichi Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Hydrogenated biodiesel (HBD) is envisaged as a new type of diesel. Some byproducts of the HBD production process could also replace fossil fuels; therefore, increasing these substitution amounts could contribute to reducing the burden on the environment. The purpose of this study was to clarify the reduction of the environmental burden brought about by combining the HBD production from waste cooking oil with the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted, in which a combined functional unit was established, which included “the treatment of the household waste and the waste cooking oil annually generated in Kyoto city” and “running a diesel vehicle for household waste collection.” The base scenario was that all household waste and waste cooking oil were incinerated. The results indicated that compared with the base scenario, utilizing the combined HBD production system and the AD of food waste could bring about a reduction of 41.8% in the integrated environmental effects (global warming, fossil fuel consumption, acidification, and urban air pollution). The reduction of greenhouse gases compared with the base scenario was 18,100 t-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr. Substitutions with the byproducts of the HBD production process could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1,070 t-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr.