코로나19와 이주사회를 위한 입법

박효민 ( Park¸ Hyomin ),김현정 ( Kim¸ Hounjoung ),최윤철 ( Choi¸ Yooncheol ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 一鑑法學 Vol.- No.49

유례없는 코로나19 재난으로 인해 전세계가 고통을 받고 있지만, 그중에서도 이주민은 많은 사회에서 약자이며, 이로 인해 더 많은 위험과 어려움에 직면하게 된다. 특히 인간의 삶의 질에 중대한 영향을 미치는 의료, 직업, 교육의 측면에 이주민이 처한 현실은 매우 어렵다는 점이 여러 실증적 자료로부터 나타나고 있다. 이 연구에서는 이와 같은 관점에서 한국사회 뿐만 아니라 국제적으로 나타나고 있는 이주민에 대한 불균등한 재난의 영향에 주목하고, 이를 나타내는 여러 지표들을 살펴본다. 많은 국가에서 이주민은 코로나19 감염에 상대적으로 많이 노출되어 있었으며, 노동 이주를 위한 입·출국과 실업률 면에서 취약성을 나타내고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 많은 국가에서 이주민 자녀들의 인터넷 접근성이 비교적 떨어짐에 따라 비대면 교육 과정에서 교육기회의 불균등을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 그럼에도 한국의 입법체계는 국적을 가진 국민을 중심으로 하므로 재난상황에서 이주민에 대한 배려와 포용이 상대적으로 미흡하다. 코로나19 이후 여러 시행착오와 구체적 문제에 직면하면서 어느 정도 정책적 대처가 있었으나, 여전히 정책의 사각지대가 남아 있다. 이 논문에서는 현재의 코로나19 재난상황에서 외국인의 상황에 비추어 공정한 회복(just recovery)를 위한 외국인 관련 입법과 정책에 대해 논의하였다. While the world is suffering from the unprecedented COVID-19 disaster, migrants, who are socially disadvantaged in many societies, face with more risks and difficulties. In particular, various empirical data show that migrants are very difficult in the aspects of medical care, occupation, and education, which have a significant impact on the quality of human life. From this perspective, this study pays attention to the impact of unequal disasters on migrants not only in Korean society but also internationally, and examines several indicators that show the phenomena. In many countries, migrants have been exposed to relatively high levels of COVID-19 infection, showing vulnerability in terms of international migration and employment. In addition, in many countries, it appears that children of migrants are experiencing unequal educational opportunities in the non-face-to-face education process as their Internet access is relatively low. On the other hand, Korea’s legislative system is centered only on the people who has nationality, so consideration for migrants in disaster situations is relatively insufficient. After COVID-19, there have been some policy responses in the face of trial and error and specific problems, but there are still blind spots in the policy. In this paper, we discussed legislation and policies related to foreigners for just recovery in light of the situation of foreigners in the current COVID-19 disaster situation.

Fundamental Rights of Foreigners in Korea

( Hyomin Park ),( Hounjoung Kim ) 건국대학교 이주사회통합연구소 2019 Journal of Migration and Social Integration (JMSI) Vol.4 No.1

As the South Korean Constitution define “citizens” as the subjects of fundamental rights, subjectivity of foreigners has been a matter of academic and judicial discussion. The Constitutional Court of Korea argues that foreigners can be subjects of rights of human, while they cannot enjoy rights of citizens. Even when the Court recognizes certain fundamental rights of a foreigner, it sometimes applies the less strict standard of review, namely prohibition of arbitrariness, in the cases where it would apply the proportionality test if the claimant was a citizen. It is also pointed out that the South Korean judiciary including the Constitutional Court should actively take international human rights treaties into account to protect foreigners’ rights. Meanwhile, the 2018 presidential proposal for constitutional amendment suggested making a new constitution and changing the subject of some fundamental rights from citizen to human. As it is connected to serious social issues like racial discrimination, a cautious approach is needed. (hyominp@gmail.com)

Analysis of aluminum back surface field at different wafer specifications in crystalline silicon solar cells

Park, Sungeun,Park, Hyomin,Kang, Yoonmook,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kim, Donghwan Elsevier 2016 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.16 No.9

<P>The purpose of this work is to investigate a back surface field (BSF) at a number of wafer resistivities for industrial crystalline silicon solar cells. As indicated in this manuscript, doping a crucible-grown Czochralski (Cz)-Si ingot with Ga offers a sure way of eliminating light-induced degradation (LID) because LID is composed of B and O complex. However, the low segregation coefficient of Ga in Si causes a much wider resistivity variation in the Ga-doped Cz-Si ingot. This resistivity variation in a Cz-Si wafer at different locations varies the performance, as is already known. In the light of a B-doped wafer, we made wider resistivity in Si ingot; we investigated how resistivities affect the solar cell performance as a function of BSF quality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Effect of unfiltered molecule implantation for silicon solar cell

Hyomin Park,Yoonmook Kang,Hae-Seok Lee,Donghwan Kim 한국진공학회 2017 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2017 No.2

Effect of Acceleration Voltage on Phosphorus-Implanted Emitter of p-Type Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell

Park, Hyomin,Park, Sungeun,Lee, Seunghun,Kang, Yoonmook,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kim, Donghwan American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.10

<P>In this study, the effect of acceleration voltage on emitter properties was investigated. Phosphorus ion was implanted into a silicon substrate at acceleration voltages of 7, 13, and 20 KeV. As the acceleration voltage increased, the amorphous layer thickness increased from 14 to 33 nm. The projected ranges were around 10 to 13 nm, and little change was observed with the acceleration voltage. The as-implanted phosphorus concentrations as well as the junction depth were higher for higher acceleration voltages. As the phosphorus acceleration voltage increased, a larger and rougher area of contrast was observed at the amorphous/crystalline interface. After thermal treatment at 750 degrees C, strains were observed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction for all acceleration conditions. It was observed that a higher acceleration voltage resulted in a higher intensity of rocking curves with more fringes. Sheet resistances decreased rapidly after thermal treatment above 850 degrees C. The sheet resistance decreased with increasing annealing temperature, while at every temperature, the sample at 7 KeV acceleration voltage showed a higher sheet resistance than the samples at 13 and 20 KeV. The mobility increased for temperatures up to 850 degrees C but the carrier concentrations showed little change. Above 850 degrees C, the mobility did not show much change, but the carrier concentration increased. It is considered that the dopant activation was highly affected by the carrier concentration and not by the mobility.</P>

Optimization of Controllable Factors in the Aluminum Silicon Eutectic Paste and Rear Silicon Nitride Mono-Passivation Layer of PERC Solar Cells

Park, Sungeun,Park, Hyomin,Kim, Dongseop,Yang, JungYup,Lee, Dongho,Kim, Young-Su,Kim, Hyun-Jong,Suh, Dongchul,Min, Byoung Koun,Kim, Kyung Nam,Park, Se Jin,Kim, Donghwan,Lee, Hae-Seok,Nam, Junggyu,Kang Springer-Verlag 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.3

<P>Passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) is a promising technology owing to high efficiency can be achieved with p-type wafer and their easily applicable to existing lines. In case of using p-type mono wafer, 0.5-1% efficiency increase is expected with PERC technologies compared to existing Al BSF solar cells, while for multi-wafer solar cells it is 0.5-0.8%. We addressed the optimization of PERC solar cells using the Al paste. The paste was prepared from the aluminum-silicon alloy with eutectic composition to avoid the formation of voids that degrade the open-circuit voltage. The glass frit of the paste was changed to improve adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy revealed voids and local back surface field between the aluminum electrode and silicon base. We confirmed the conditions on the SiNx passivation layer for achieving higher efficiency and better adhesion for long-term stability. The cell characteristics were compared across cells containing different pastes. PERC solar cells with the Al/Si eutectic paste exhibited the efficiency of 19.6%.</P>

Native Koreans’ Attitudes toward Immigrants in Ethnic Enclaves

( Hyomin Park ),( Seokho Kim ),( Sanglim Lee ) 건국대학교 이주사회통합연구소 2019 Journal of Migration and Social Integration (JMSI) Vol.4 No.1

The objective of this research is to examine the attitudes toward immigrants and migration policies among South Korean natives residing in ethnic enclaves in Seoul and Kyeonggi areas. Based on the empirical data, we argue that studies should focus on the settlement of immigrants. It has already passed one generation since the influx of immigrants into South Korea, and the number of immigrant increase fast. Based on that immigrants in South Korea build their own communities by establishing ethnic enclaves. This draws much attention from researchers on immigrants’ living conditions and characteristics of the enclaves. Current study shows that those enclaves are the front line where the interaction between immigrants and native Koreans occurs, and attempts to examine the attitudes among the native Koreans toward immigrants and migration policies. The results reveal that the people who are living in the ethnic enclaves are more likely to evaluate their living environment. They also show higher social distances to foreigners than those who are living in the enclaves. OLS regression shows lower quality of neighborhood environment than enclave. The results suggests that future research on immigrants needs to expand their scopes to provide better understanding of the current situation in South Korea regarding immigration. (hyominp@gmail.com)

Lifetime Analysis for Comparing POCl₃ Diffused Emitter Doping Characteristics in p-Type Silicon Solar Cells Using QSSPC

Park, HyunJung,Kim, Soo Min,Jeong, Sujeong,Shin, Seung Hyun,Park, Hyomin,Kang, Yoonmook,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kim, Donghwan American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.7

<P>Analysis of the emitter property of solar cells is important because the emitter doping characteristics can affect the surface recombination velocity, contact resistance, emitter saturation current density, and cell efficiency. To analyze the emitter quality, we used the following methods: the four-point probe method, quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The four-point probe method is used to measure the doping dose in the emitter. Using QSSPC, we can characterize the emitter quality, including the lifetime of the emitter, and using SIMS, we can measure the concentration of dopants as a function of depth in the emitter. However, SIMS measurement is destructive and limited to the measurement of planar surface wafers. To solve this problem, we investigated the relationship between the minority carrier lifetime and the emitter doping profile using the QSSPC. The relationship between the lifetime and emitter doping profile showed that the lifetime of the emitter decreases as the emitter doping concentration increases. From this result, we performed a lifetime analysis for differently doped POCl3-diffused emitters. The results obtained using the theoretical model for the lifetime agreed with experimental SIMS measurement results, indicating that the model can be used as a quantitative model for comparing emitter doping characteristics.</P>

Religion, Food and Indigenousness – Korean Christianity’s Indigenousness and food

Hyomin Park 한국식생활문화학회 2017 한국식생활문화학회학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

Rapid and Accurate Measurement of Ideality Factor and Parasitic Resistances of Thin Film Solar Cells

Park, Sungeun,Kim, Soo Min,Park, Se Jin,Bae, Soohyun,Park, Hyomin,Nam, Jung gyu,Lee, Dongho,Yang, Jung Yup,Kim, Dong Seop,Mo, Chanbin,Kim, Young-Su,Kim, Jihyun,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kang, Yoonmook The Electrochemical Society 2018 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.7 No.6

<P>The sunshade method for the measurement of the ideality factor and resistances of solar cells is commonly used in silicon solar cells. However, the method is rarely employed for thin-film solar cells. In this paper, the sunshade method is applied to CIGS solar cells, and it is shown that the three major assumptions of the method remain valid for CIGS solar cells. The extracted parameters are compared to those calculated using other common methods, and the ideality factors and R-s values are quickly determined and found to be nearly the same as those extracted through illuminated I-V fitting and dark I-V fitting. (C) 2018 The Electrochemical Society.</P>