리조트 중앙 발전 시설

김대중 (번역자),Al Butkus,P.E,Member ASHRAE 대한설비공학회 2011 설비저널 Vol.40 No.9

Flow Regimes and Thermal Patterns in 15th Century BC Tombs of the Valley of Kings

( Essam E Khalil ),( Fellow Asme ),( Fellow Ashrae ),( Fellow Aiaa ) 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2012 신소재연구 Vol.24 No.-

The cultural heritage left by the Egyptian Pharaohs in the tombs of the Valley of the Kings represents some of the key elements of the Egyptian cultural and tourism wealth and standing monuments demonstrating the wealth and technology of the pharaohs. These tombs were prepared to bury the Kings` mummies and artifacts for eternal life. Many of the wall paintings identifying the various ancient rituals and life style are in good conditions as the tombs were only recently opened to the public and resulted, in many instances, to dramatic deterioration of the wall paintings due in part to excessive humidity. Basically, ventilation air design systems are considered here for the tomb passage of King Ramses VII, Ramses IV, Siti II and Bay including different visitors (obstacles) alternative positioning to adequately predict the actual air flow, thermal and moisture patterns in the tombs and hence to provide energy efficient design of ventilation system and reduce the adverse effect of excessive humidity. The present work made use of packaged Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) programs. For the present work, following similar work of Abdel Aziz et al [1] and Khalil [2], a numerical study is carried out to define the optimum airside design of the tombs air ventilation and conditioning systems, which provides the optimum comfort and healthy conditions with optimum energy utilization. Basically, airside design types are considered here for the tomb passage of King Ramses VII, Ramses IV, Siti II and Bay, including different visitors (obstacles) alternative positioning to introduce the capability of the design to provide the optimum characteristics. The primary objective of the present work is to assess the airflow characteristics, thermal pattern and moisture distribution in the different tombs ventilation configurations in view of basic known flow characteristics. Tombs consist, typically of three gently sloping corridors. The free air supply and mechanically extracted ducted air play an important role in shaping the main flow pattern where the internal obstacles can distort the airflow pattern by increasing the recirculation zones or by deflecting the main airflow pattern, [3 and 4].

Energy Performance Analyses in Low Carbon Buildings

( Essam E Khalil ),( Fellow Asme ),( Fellow Ashrae ),( Fellow Aiaa ) 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2012 신소재연구 Vol.24 No.-

The Developing communities in their path for rapid development is endeavoring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. Governmental organizations were established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building as well as devising the necessary codes and standards. Throughout the Nation Energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. Energy rationalization and audit exercises were developed and monitored by Governmental authorities, Universities and Research centers through the past two decades with a definitive positive energy reduction and beneficiation. The development of the relevant codes for Residential and Commercial Energy Efficiency in Building is underway through the governmental bodies responsible for the research and development in the building Technology sector and is the umbrella under which the National and Unified Arab Codes are developed and issued. A proposed new Energy Performance in Buildings Directive would fulfill the following main targets of Energy Performance Directive: 1. “Legestilative authorities shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. … 2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as currant legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for cost-effective improvement of the energy performance…” The following steps are required for the energy certification: 1. Develop methodologies for energy declaration of the buildings 2. Develop reference values (key numbers) and /or systems for benchmarking 3. Provide a labeling system for selected buildings 4. Describe an energy signature for the building.

Holistic Approach to Energy Efficient Smart Green Buildings

( Essam E Khalil ),( F Asme ),( F Aiaa ),( F Ashrae ) 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2013 신소재연구 Vol.25 No.-

This review paper presents a recent status quo of HVAC airside design for the air-conditioned spaces under holistic approach for green and smart buildings. This briefly summarizes the current status, future requirements, and expectations. It has been found that, the experimental investigations should be considered in the new trend of energy investigations, not to merely to validate the numerical tools, but also to provide a complete database of the airflow characteristics in the air-conditioned spaces. Based on this analysis and the vast progress of computers and associated software, the artificial intelligent technique is sought as a prominent competitor candidate to the experimental and numerical techniques. Finally, the researches that relate between the different designs of the HVAC systems and energy consumption should concern with the optimization of airside design as the expected target to enhance the indoor environment.

CALCULATION OF SOME TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF SPLICES AND LINKS OF GRAPHS

Ashra, Ali Reza,Hamzeh, Asma,Hossein-Zadeh, Samaneh The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.1

Explicit formulas are given for the first and second Zagreb index, degree-distance and Wiener-type invariants of splice and link of graphs. As a consequence, the first and second Zagreb coindex of these classes of composite graphs are also computed.

COUNTRY RISK ASSESSMENT USING DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

Mohammed Ashraful Haque People&Global Business Association 1996 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.1 No.2

The purpose of this study is to identify the economic and financial variables which affect a country's credit worthiness. Once the variables are identified, a model is developed using discriminant analysis to separate the forty developing countries used in this study into three specific risk categories: (1) low risk, (2) medium risk, and (3) high risk. Several financial and economic variables are tested, but only six were considered significant enough to be used in the model. These six variables are gross national product per capita, debt service ratio, export, import, debt outstanding and disbursed as a percentage of GNP and, finally, international reserve to debt outstanding.

Two-Dimensional WO₃ Nanosheets Chemically Converted from Layered WS₂ for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices

Azam, Ashraful,Kim, Jungmo,Park, Junyong,Novak, Travis G.,Tiwari, Anand P.,Song, Sung Ho,Kim, Bumsoo,Jeon, Seokwoo American Chemical Society 2018 NANO LETTERS Vol.18 No.9

<P>Two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal oxides (TMOs) are an attractive class of materials due to the combined advantages of high active surface area, enhanced electrochemical properties, and stability. Among the 2D TMOs, 2D tungsten oxide (WO<SUB>3</SUB>) nanosheets possess great potential in electrochemical applications, particularly in electrochromic (EC) devices. However, feasible production of 2D WO<SUB>3</SUB> nanosheets is challenging due to the innate 3D crystallographic structure of WO<SUB>3</SUB>. Here we report a novel solution-phase synthesis of 2D WO<SUB>3</SUB> nanosheets through simple oxidation from 2D tungsten disulfide (WS<SUB>2</SUB>) nanosheets exfoliated from bulk WS<SUB>2</SUB> powder. The complete conversion from WS<SUB>2</SUB> into WO<SUB>3</SUB> was confirmed through crystallographic and elemental analyses, followed by validation of the 2D WO<SUB>3</SUB> nanosheets applied in the EC device. The EC device showed color modulation of 62.57% at 700 nm wavelength, which is 3.43 times higher than the value of the conventional device using bulk WO<SUB>3</SUB> powder, while also showing enhancement of ∼46.62% and ∼62.71% in switching response-time (coloration and bleaching). The mechanism of enhancement was rationalized through comparative analysis based on the thickness of the WO<SUB>3</SUB> components. In the future, 2D WO<SUB>3</SUB> nanosheets could also be used for other promising applications such as sensors, catalysis, thermoelectric, and energy conversion.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

N-acetyl-L-cysteine and cysteine increase intracellular calcium concentration in human neutrophils

Md. Ashraful Hasan,안원균,송동근 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.5

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and cysteine have been implicated in a number of human neutrophils’ functional responses. However, though Ca2+ signaling is one of the key signalings contributing to the functional responses of human neutrophils, effects of NAC and cysteine on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]і) in human neutrophils have not been investigated yet. Thus, this study was carried out with an objective to investigate the effects of NAC and cysteine on [Ca2+]і in human neutrophils. We observed that NAC (1 mM ~ 1 mM) and cysteine (10 mM ~ 1 mM) increased [Ca2+]і in human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. In NAC pre-supplmented buffer, an additive effect on N-formyl-methionine-leucinephenylalanine (fMLP)-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in human neutrophils was observed. In Ca2+-free buffer, NAC- and cysteine-induced [Ca2+]i increase in human neutrophils completely disappeared, suggesting that NAC- and cysteine-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i in human neutrophils occur through Ca2+ influx. NAC- and cysteine-induced [Ca2+]і increase was effectively inhibited by calcium channel inhibitors SKF96365 (10 mM) and ruthenium red (20 mM). In Na+-free HEPES, both NAC and cysteine induced a marked increase in [Ca2+]i in human neutrophils, arguing against the possibility that Na+-dependent intracellular uptake of NAC and cysteine is necessary for their [Ca2+]і increasing activity. Our results show that NAC and cysteine induce [Ca2+]і increase through Ca2+ influx in human neutrophils via SKF96365- and ruthenium reddependent way.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-noceceptive action of the crude extracts of Costus specious on rodents

Alam, Ashraful,Subhan, Nusrat,Awal, Abdul,Alam, Shohidul,Akramudau, Kazi Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.3

The effect of alcoholic extracts of Costus specious (Family: Zingiberaceae) was evaluated in experimental models of pain and inflammation. Oral administration of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of C. specious extracts were used for the above study. Crude extracts of C. specious (300 mg/kg dose) showed maximum time needed for the response against thermal stimuli ($7.242\;{\pm}\;0.532\;s$) which is comparable to diclofenac sodium ($8.471\;{\pm}\;0.25\;s$) in the hot plate test. The MPH (Maximum Possible Analgesia) has been found to be 14.285 for 300 mg/kg dose of the crude extract while the MPH for diclofenac was 15.857 after 60 min of administration in the hot tail-flick method. The crude extract at 300 and 200 mg/kg doses showed significant reduction in acetic acid induced writhings in mice with a maximum effect of 59.661% reduction at 300 mg/kg dose which is comparable to standard diclofenac sodium (73.4%). Alcoholic extract of C. specious showed significant inhibition in serotonin and egg albumin induced hind paw oedema in rats at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of the crude extracts respectively (Serotonin induced edema 44.22; 53.75; 58.51%; egg albumin induced edema - 41.317; 53.892; 59.880% inhibition after 4 h respectively). The antiinflammatory effects showed by the extract were comparable to that of standard indomethacin 5 mg/kg (Serotonin induced edema 77.56%; egg albumin induced edema 77.844% inhibition after 4 h). These results suggest that the extract possesses both the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on mice and rat model.

Sequential Multi-Directional Elemental Image Projection Scheme for the Viewing Angle Enhancement of Integral Imaging 3D Display

Md. Ashraful Alam,Kaniz Fatema Kakolee,Nam Kim 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.- No.-