A comprehensive review of food rheology: analysis of experimental, computational, and machine learning techniques

Nnyigide Osita Sunday,현규 한국유변학회 2023 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.35 No.4

The main objective of food rheology is to identify food structure and texture by rheological measurements, thereby reducing the requirement for sensory analysis in evaluating food products. However, determining food texture and structure exclusively from rheological measurements can be challenging because of the complicated composition and structure of food, as well as the complexities of factoring in the changes that occur during food mastication. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current experimental, computational and machine learning techniques used in food rheology to probe the structure and texture of food products. The textural attributes and structural information that can be inferred from each measurement technique is discussed and recent studies that carried out the measurements are highlighted. Also presented in this review are the recent progress in the experimental techniques and challenges.

Rheological characterization of BCC and FCC structures in aqueous diblock copolymer liquid crystals

Connor S. Valentine,Lynn M. Walker 한국유변학회 2019 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.31 No.4

Low molecular weight, amphiphilic diblock copolymers in selective solvent exhibit complex phase behavior and macroscopic properties that affect the processing and application of these materials. The mechanical properties of the crystalline phases seen in concentrated solutions are dependent on nanoscale structure and sample history. The goal of this study is to characterize macroscopic properties and thermal history effects of lyotropic liquid crystals in aqueous diblock copolymer solutions. Rheological temperature ramps are used to characterize three aqueous concentrations of diblock copolymer [Brij-58®, C16H33(CH2CH2O)20OH]. Between these three samples the order-disorder transitions (ODTs) for BCC and FCC are accessible in addition to the order-order transition (OOT) between BCC and FCC. These transitions are distinguished using rheology. Frequency sweeps are performed across a range of temperatures and parameterized with a loglinear fit to the phase angle data to extract the crossover frequency. We find that a single frequency sweep does not distinguish BCC and FCC structures. By normalizing the temperature with respect to the ODT, we are able to use a series of frequency sweeps to distinguish characteristic trends in the response of BCC and FCC structures to thermal history.

Examination of thermo-gelation behavior of HPMC and HEMC aqueous solutions using rheology

Yoo, Young Jin,Um, In Chul 한국유변학회 2013 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.25 No.2

In this study, the thermo-gelation behavior of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) were examined by rheology. Temperature sweep shear viscosity measurements revealed a significant decrease in the shear viscosity of HPMC and HEMC at the aggregation temperature ($T_{agr}$), which depended on the substitution type (HPMC or HEMC) and degree of substitution. In the dynamic test, G' decreased slightly at $T_{agr}$ and increased significantly at the gelation temperature ($T_{gel}$). The shear viscosity and shear storage modulus (G') can be utilized complementarily to examine $T_{agr}$ and $T_{gel}$. $T_{agr}$ could be detected clearly by the shear viscosity measurement but could not be observed in the G' measurement. On the other hand, $T_{gel}$ could not be detected in the shear viscosity measurement although it can be clearly recognized in G' measurement. Conclusively, the two rheological measurements could be utilized complementarily in detection of $T_{agr}$ and $T_{gel}$. In the meanwhile, HPMC with more hydrophobic residues (methoxy and hydroxypropyl residues) showed smaller $T_{agr}$ and $T_{gel}$ than HEMC, which has hydroxyethyl and methoxy groups. $T_{agr}$ and $T_{gel}$ decreased with increasing number of hydrophobic groups. Molecular weight almost did not affect $T_{agr}$ and $T_{gel}$ of HPMC solution.

Iconography connecting art and rheology based on Dalí’s paintings

서용석,최형진 한국유변학회 2018 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.30 No.4

Through two paintings by the Surrealistic artist Dali, the common tracks of subconscious expressionism in humans and the physics of the indescribable cosmos were sought by drawing an analogy between his paintings and rheology. A hitherto unexplored subject, yet astounding similarities could be found in his two masterpieces from the rheological point of view. Dalí’s subconscious development was in keeping with the advances in rheology because of his desire to depict the invisible world based on scientific notions.

In-Mold Rheology 평가를 통한 분말사출성형공정 최적화

장진만(Jin Man Jang),차범하(Bermha Cha),서정식(Jungsik Seo),고세현(Se-Hyun Ko),손성호(Seong Ho Son),이원식(Wonsik Lee),나영상(Young-Sang Na) 한국생산제조학회 2011 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.4

두 종류의 피드스톡과 몰드를 이용하여 각각의 몰드에 대한 In-mold Rheology 곡선을 산출하였으며, 이를 통해 rheology거동을 변화시키는 요인에는 피드스톡의 물리적 특성(점도) 뿐 아니라 몰드의 형상 및 크기 또한 포함이 됨을 확인하였다. Rheology평가를 통해 설정된 최적의 사출속도가 사출 성형체와 소결체에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 전체적인 형상 및 크기는 유사하게 나타나는 반면 가장자리 부분의 예리함과 조직의 차이를 나타내었다.

Droplet deformability and emulsion rheology: steady and dynamic behavior

Clive A. Prestidge,Yasushi Saiki 한국유변학회 2005 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.17 No.4

The static and dynamic rheological behavior of concentrated sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) stabilized, deformability controllable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsions is reported and comparisons made with silica (hard sphere) suspensions. Steady-mode measurements indicate hard (viscoelastic) droplets behave as hard spheres, while soft (viscous) droplets induce structural flexibility of the emulsion against shear. Dynamic-mode measurements reveal that viscoelasticity of droplets provides the great magnitude of elasticity for the hard emulsion, while formation of planar films between droplets is the origin of the elasticity of soft emulsions. Combination of steady and dynamic rheological behavior has enabled depiction of droplet structure evolution in relation to the shear stress applied, especially by taking advantage of the normal force that reflects the transient deformation of droplets.

Ideal and nonideal mixing effects of amino acid based-surfactant on interfacial rheology and foam properties

배정은,김경환,Nae Gyu Kang 한국유변학회 2021 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.33 No.2

Surfactants are mainly used as mixtures to obtain the foam properties which are suitable for use and purpose. In this study, it was found that a mixture of glycinate- and glutamate-based surfactants produced a relatively rigid foam compared to that of single component only when the mixture was diluted with tap water and not deionized water. When the surfactant mixtures were diluted with deionized water, the foam hardness was linearly dependent on the weight fraction of the glycinate based surfactant. Meanwhile, the mixtures diluted with tap water produced foam which could withstand vertical loads. We observed the rheological behavior of the air-water interface to understand the ideal and nonideal mixing effect of amino acid-based surfactants. It was confirmed that the synergistic effect on the interfacial modulus and the foam texture was due to the divalent ions of tap water. However, the interaction by the divalent ions did not affect the foam stability. It is worth to noting that the existence of divalent ions is one of the important factors that should be considered to control the foam quality as well as interfacial rheology.

Examination of thermo-gelation behavior of HPMC and HEMC aqueous solutions using rheology

Young Jin Yoo,엄인철 한국유변학회 2013 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.25 No.2

In this study, the thermo-gelation behavior of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) were examined by rheology. Temperature sweep shear viscosity measurements revealed a significant decrease in the shear viscosity of HPMC and HEMC at the aggregation temperature(Tagr), which depended on the substitution type (HPMC or HEMC) and degree of substitution. In the dynamic test, G’ decreased slightly at Tagr and increased significantly at the gelation temperature (Tgel). The shear viscosity and shear storage modulus (G’) can be utilized complementarily to examine Tagr and Tgel. Tagr could be detected clearly by the shear viscosity measurement but could not be observed in the G’ measurement. On the other hand, Tgel could not be detected in the shear viscosity measurement although it can be clearly recognized in G’ measurement. Conclusively, the two rheological measurements could be utilized complementarily in detection of Tagr and Tgel. In the meanwhile, HPMC with more hydrophobic residues(methoxy and hydroxypropyl residues) showed smaller Tagr and Tgel than HEMC, which has hydroxyethyl and methoxy groups. Tagr and Tgel decreased with increasing number of hydrophobic groups. Molecular weight almost did not affect Tagr and Tgel of HPMC solution.

Droplet deformability and emulsion rheology: steady and dynamic behavior

Saiki Yasushi,Prestidge Clive A. The Korean Society of Rheology 2005 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.17 No.4

The static and dynamic rheological behavior of concentrated sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) stabilized, deformability controllable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsions is reported and comparisons made with silica (hard sphere) suspensions. Steady-mode measurements indicate 'hard' (viscoelastic) droplets behave as hard spheres, while 'soft' (viscous) droplets induce structural flexibility of the emulsion against shear. Dynamic-mode measurements reveal that viscoelasticity of droplets provides the great magnitude of elasticity for the 'hard' emulsion, while formation of planar films between droplets is the origin of the elasticity of 'soft' emulsions. Combination of steady and dynamic rheological behavior has enabled depiction of droplet structure evolution in relation to the shear stress applied, especially by taking advantage of the normal force that reflects the transient deformation of droplets.

Relations between rheological and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced mortar

Mingli Cao,Li Li,Ling Xu 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2017 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.20 No.4

Fresh and hardened behaviors of a new hybrid fiber (steel fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber and calcium carbonate whisker) reinforced cementitious composites (HyFRCC) with admixtures (fly ash, silica fume and water reducer) have been studied. Within the limitations of the equipment and testing program, it is illustrated that the rheological properties of the new HyFRCC conform to the modified Bingham model. The relations between flow spread and yield stress as well as flow rate and plastic viscosity both conform well with negative exponent correlation, justifying that slump flow and flow rate test can be applied to replace the other two as simple rheology measurement and control method in jobsite. In addition, for the new HyFRCC with fly ash and water reducer, the mathematical model between the rheological and mechanical properties conform well with the quadratic function, and these quadratic function curves are always concave upward. Based on mathematical analysis, an optimal range of rheology/ flowability can be identified to achieve ideal mechanical properties. In addition, this optimization method can be extended to PVA fiber reinforced cement-based composites.