The Education of Character in the Philosophy of Taekwondo: On the Qualitative Individual

( Peter Ha ) 국제태권도학회 2017 International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies Vol.2017 No.-

The objective of this paper is to clarify the meaning of character education in the philosophy of Taekwondo. Taekwondo has never been considered a mere physical training in the case of sports, for it is also concerned with the education of character. In dealing with an analysis of the moral character education, however, we discover that it is not only Taekwondo masters but also philosophers such as Confucius and Mencius who also emphasize the importance of character formation in their teachings. In fact, some Taekwondo tenets are derived from Confucianism. But, there is a fundamental difference in regarding the education of character in a martial artist (武人) and in a man of letters (文人). This difference will be elucidated in two points. Firstly, we will focus on explaining the distinction between a beast of prey and an herbivorous animal and argue that whereas the education of character by a man of letters regards man in terms of an herbivorous animal, the education of character by a martial artist defines man in terms of a carnivorous animal. Then, we will seek to suggest a positive aspect of a beast of prey. Secondly, the character education by a martial artist defined as a beast of prey will be further clarified in respect to the concept of ‘qualitative individual’ distinguished from ‘quantitative individual.’ In contrast to the ‘quantitative individual,’ who is without a unique character, the ‘qualitative individual’ is not to be identified with standardized people. We will argue that the prototype of a qualitative individual that is established in their personal character is only discovered in the carnivorous behavior of martial artists.

층화 조건부 이산양적 확률화응답모형

이기성(Gi-Sung Lee),박경순(Kyung-Soon Park) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.4

본 논문에서는 모집단이 층으로 구성되어 있고 얻고자 하는 민감한 속성에 대한 정보가 이산양적인 경우에 대하여 덜 민감한 속성을 이용한 층화 조건부 확률화응답모형을 제안하였다. 먼저, 덜 민감한 속성을 이용한 Carr, Marascuilo(1982)의 모형에 층화추출법을 적용하여 층별 민감한 질적 정보를 얻을 수 있는 층화 Carr, Marascuilo의 모형에 대하여 살펴보았다. 다음으로 덜민감한 속성을 이용한 Lee, Hong, Son(2009)의 조건부 이산 양적모형에 층화추출법을 적용하여층별 민감한 이산 양적정보를 얻을 수 있는 층화 조건부 이산양적모형을 제안하여 그 이론적 체계를 마련하였다. 그리고 층화 조건부 이산양적모형에서 각 층에 표본을 배분하는 방법으로 비례배분과 최적배분을 다루었다. 또한 Liu-Chow 모형에 층화추출법을 적용한 층화 Liu-Chow 모형을 제안하여 층화 조건부 이산양적모형과의 효율성을 비교한 결과, l h1<1일 때 층화 조건부 이산양적모형이 효율적이었고, l h1=1인 경우 두 층화 모형이 같은 모형이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 층화 조건부 이산양적모형과 층화 Liu-Chow 모형간의 효율성을 수치적으로 비교한 결과 ph값과 th값이 커질수록 2단계 절차를 거친 층화 조건부 이산양적모형이 층화 Liu-Chow 모형보다효율적인 것으로 나타났다. When the population is composed of several strata and the information we want to estimate is a sensitive discrete quantitative character we propose a stratified conditional discrete quantitative randomized response model using less than sensitive character. First, we apply stratified sampling to the model of Carr, Marascuilo.(1982) which used less than sensitive character and look the results of obtaining sensitive qualitative information. Then, we applly stratified sampling to the model of Lee, Hong, Son.(2009) which used less than sensitive character as a condition to obtain information for a sensitive discrete quantitative character and establish a theoretical system for obtaining quantitative sensitive information by stratum. We dealt with the proportional and optimal allocations are examined as a method of allocating samples to each stratum. We also propose a stratified Liu-Chow model by applying stratified sampling and compare the efficiency between the suggested two models. Finally, in case of numerical comparison between two models, we find that the values of ph and th are more increasing the stratified conditional discrete quantitative randomized response model is the more efficiency than the stratified Liu-Chow model.

越南漢喃古籍《千字文解音》所見喃字研究

李宇,何華珍 경성대학교 한국한자연구소 2018 한자연구 Vol.0 No.22

The development of Nom characters is promoted on the basis of and in attachment with Chinese characters, and in this regard The Phonetic Annotation of The Thousand Character Classic《千字文解音》 compiled in the late Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam was a very practical textbook for learning Chinese characters and Nom characters. Based on categorizing Nom characters, the paper intends to clarify several notions on Nom characters of The Phonetic Annotation of The Thousand Character Classic. In the beginning, Nom characters can be divided into two major types: the directly borrowed Chinese characters and the independently invented ones. The former includes borrowing sounds, meanings, and both. The latter, according to the components of Chinese character formations, can be divided into the pictophonetic of Chinese characters and that of Nom characters. In the last part of the article, we summarize the relationship between Chinese characters and Nom characters. It is necessary not merely to consider the relationship but to understand the comparisons between them. With the aid of studying Nom characters, we can find that irrespective of whether they are directly-borrowed from Chinese or independently invented, the sound of Chinese characters is the most important feature for them. But we cannot ignore the ideographic parts of Nom characters because they, on the one hand, make up the phonetic deficiency of Chinese characters while promoting the development of Nom characters on the other. In our modern society, Chinese characters and Nom characters came to drift apart, and the latter especially was withdrawn from the historical stage, but the traditional culture of Vietnam is still recorded in literature both in Chinese characters and Nom characters. Moreover, the Nom character is one of the most important representatives of Vietnam’s traditional culture. For this reason solely, this research shall be a great help to further understanding of significant cross-cultural aspects between China and Vietnam, and more specifically of histories related to the spreading, application, and development of Chinese characters in Vietnam. The development of Nom characters is promoted on the basis of and in attachment with Chinese characters, and in this regard the Phonetic Annotation of the Thousand Character Classic《千字文解音》 compiled in the late Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam was a very practical textbook for learning Chinese characters and Nom characters. Based on categorizing Nom characters, the paper intends to clarify several notions on Nom characters of the Phonetic Annotation of the Thousand Character Classic. In the beginning, Nom characters can be divided into two major types: the directly borrowed Chinese characters and the independently invented ones. The former includes borrowing sounds, meanings, and both. The latter, according to the components of Chinese character formations, can be divided into the pictophonetic of Chinese characters and that of Nom characters. In the last part of the article, we summarize the relationship between Chinese characters and Nom characters. It is necessary not merely to consider the relationship but to understand the comparisons between them. With the aid of studying Nom characters, we can find that irrespective of whether they are directly-borrowed from Chinese or independently invented, the sound of Chinese characters is the most important feature for them. But we cannot ignore the ideographic parts of Nom characters because they, on the one hand, make up the phonetic deficiency of Chinese characters while promoting the development of Nom characters on the other. In our modern society, Chinese characters and Nom characters came to drift apart, and the latter especially was withdrawn from the historical stage, but the traditional culture of Vietnam is still recorded in literature both in Chinese characters and Nom characters. Moreover, the Nom character is one of the most important representatives of Vietnam’s traditional culture. For this reason solely, this research shall be a great help to further understanding of significant cross-cultural aspects between China and Vietnam, and more specifically of histories related to the spreading, application, and development of Chinese characters in Vietnam.

반복계통추출법에 의한 양적속성 무관질문모형

이기성 한국자료분석학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.18 No.3

When the population is consisted of sensitive quantitative characters, we present a quantitative unrelated randomized response model using more than two independent systematic samples, called a quantitative unrelated randomized response model by replicated systematic sampling (QURRM_RSS) and extend it to the two sample quantitative unrelated randomized response model by replicated systematic sampling (TS_QURRM_RSS) embracing the unknown proportions of unrelated characters. We also suggest a quantitative unrelated randomized response model by stratified replicated systematic sampling (QURRM_StRSS) of selecting more than two independent systematic samples from every stratum of sensitive population and then extend it to two sample QURRM_StRSS embracing the unknown proportions of unrelated characters. For QURRM_RSS we cover both of two allocation methods, the proportional and optimum allocation respectively. Finally we compare and analyse the efficiency of two suggested models, QURRM_RSS and QURRM_StRSS. 본 논문에서는 조사하고자 하는 모집단이 민감한 양적속성으로 구성되어 있을 때, 두 개 이상의 계통표본을 독립적으로 추출하는 반복계통추출법을 이용한 양적속성 무관질문모형을 제안하였고, 이를 무관한 변수에 대한 정보를 알지 못할 때 민감한 양적 정보를 얻을 수 있는 반복계통추출법에 의한 이표본 양적속성 무관질문모형으로 확장하였다. 그리고 조사하고자 하는 모집단이 민감한 양적속성을 갖는 여러 개의 층으로 구성되어 있는 경우에 층화 반복계통추출법을 이용한 양적속성 무관질문모형을 제안하였고, 이를 무관한 변수에 대한 정보를 알지 못할 때 적용 가능한 층화 반복계통추출법에 의한 이표본 양적속성 무관질문모형으로 확장하였다. 또한 제안한 층화 반복계통추출법에 의한 양적속성 무관질문모형에서 각 층의 표본배분하는 문제를 비례배분과 최적배분 측면에서 다루었다. 마지막으로 제안한 반복계통추출법에 의한 양적속성 무관질문모형과 층화 반복계통추출법에 의한 양적속성 무관질문모형과의 효율성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 층화 반복계통추출법에 의한 양적속성 무관질문모형은 민감한 변수의 선택확률 p값이 작을수록, p_{11}값과 p_{12}값의 차이가 커질수록 반복계통추출법에 의한 양적속성 무관질문모형보다 효율성이 좋게 나타났다.

《字課圖說》的教育用字研究

黃笛飛,陳黎明 경성대학교 한국한자연구소 2023 한자연구 Vol.- No.36

First published in 1901, “Chengzhong Mengxuetang Zike Tushuo (澄衷蒙學堂字課圖說)” is the first Chinese textbook compiled by schools in China by Liu Shuping, Bai Zuolin, Cai Yuanpei and so on. The textbook mainly includes four parts: “ordinary examples”, “character inspection”, “character classification” and “Tushuo”, and contains “character selection”, “sequence arrangement of Chinese characters”, “rank division” and so on. This paper believes that the textbook has made a good explanation and practice on the Chinese character type selection, quantitative grading, classification of sequencing, and initially established the basic framework of the study of educational characters, which still has important enlightenment and guiding significance for the study of Chinese character education today.

돌산갓의 원예적 특성 및 RAPD에 의한 유연관계 분석

박한주(Han Ju Park),이인호(In Ho Lee),김회택(Hoy Taek Kim),양승렬(Seung Yul Yang),노일섭(Ill Sup Nou) 한국원예학회 2007 원예과학기술지 Vol.25 No.4

김치 제조용 갓 24종의 원예적특성을 조사하였으며, 주성분 분석을 통하여 유사성 정도를 분석하였다. 주성분 분석결과 생체중, 건물중, 엽장, 엽수의 누적기여도가 높게 나타났으며 이 4가지 요인만으로도 24종의 유연관계를 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 수량면에서 가장 우수한 종으로‘Goheung dongil’을 선발하였다. RAPD분석에 의해 24종간의 DNA다형성 정도와 유전적 유연관계를 검토하였다. DNA 다형성을 나타내는 4종의 primer를 선발하였으며, 표지 12개를 선발하여 계통 및 품종 식별의 단서를 마련하였다. UPGMA 분석에 의해 갓 24종은 5개의 군으로 분류되었으며, 각 수집종간의 유전적 유사도를 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나 양적형질 분석에서 유전적 거리가 가깝게 나타난 종들이 반드시 RAPD 분석결과와 일치하지는 않았다. 실험결과 얻어진 양적형질, 형태적 특징 및 RAPD분석에 의한 유사도 결과는 세포질 웅성불임성을 이용한 F1 생산의 기초자료로 이용할 것이다. The characteristics of 24 leaf mustard (Brassia juncea) accessions were analyzed using quantitative characters and principal component analysis. Cumulative contribution of fresh weight, dry weight, leaf length and number of leaf showed high volume by the principal component analysis. The genetic relationship among 24 accessions can be analized by these four characters. In addition the ‘Goheung dongil’ was selected for greatest accessions in only yield side. RAPD marker was used to analysis the DNA polymorphism and genectic relationship among 24 accessions. Four random primers were selected by which 12 polymorphic bands. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis 24 accessions were separated into five groups. However, the results that showed very close relationship in quantitative character analysis were not constantly agreed with RAPD analysis. The results of quantitative analysis and application of the 12 RAPD markers are available for the F1 hybrid production by using cytoplasmic male sterility of leaf mustard.

Variation for Morphological Characters in Cultivated and Weedy Types of Perilla frutescens Britt. Germplasm

Binod Prasad Luitel,Ho-Cheol Ko,On-Sook Hur,Ju-Hee Rhee,Hyung-Jin Baek,Kyoung-Yul Ryu,Jung-Sook Sung 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Morphological variation between cultivated and weedy types of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa were studied in 327 germplasm by examining 17 morphological characters. The germplasm between the two varieties were varied for their qualitative and quantitative characters. The seed coat color of cultivated P. frutescens var. frutescens is commonly light brown and brown while deep brown color was observed in the weedy type P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. The leaf size, cluster length, plant height, flower number per cluster and seed weight in cultivated P. frutescens var. frutescens were significantly (P<0.05) different from weedy type P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. The cultivated P. frutescens var. frutescens exhibited significantly higher plant height (158.6 ㎝) compared to the weedy P. frutescens var. crispa (133.8 ㎝). Likewise, seed weight was significantly higher in cultivated (1.9 g) than in the weedy type of P. frutescens var. frutescens (1.6 g) and P. frutescens var. crispa (1.4 g). Principal component analysis (PCA) result showed that the first and second principal component cumulatively explained 86.6% of the total variation. The cultivated type P. frutescens var. frutescens and its weedy accessions were not clearly separated with P. frutescens var. crispa by PCA. Hence it requires the use of molecular markers for better understanding of their genetic diversity.

有 · 無限伸育型 콩 品種間 雜種初期世代에서 量的形質들에 대한 組合能力

Hong Sig Kim(金弘植),Eun Hi Hong(洪殷熹),Seok Dong Kim(金奭東),Sang Il Park(朴相一),Seung Keun Jong(鄭丞根) 한국육종학회 1994 한국육종학회지 Vol.26 No.3

This study was conducted to study on the inheritance of growth characters and yield components at the Crop Experiment Station, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea in 1990. Some quantitative characters in F₁ and F₂ of crosses between four determinate soybean cultivars as male parents(Hwangkeumkong, Jangyeobkong, Paldalkong and Suwon 148) and two indeterminate soybean cultivars as female parents(Clark and L63-2404) were investigated and analyzed for combining ability. In F₁ general combining ability(GCA) of male parents indicating principal contribution of additive genetic effects was significant in stem height, number of nodes on mainstem, number of branches, number of nodes per plant, and mainstem dependence rate of number of nodes. GCA of male and female as well as specific combining ability(SCA) was significant in days to maturity, suggesting that additive and non-additive genetic effects of male and female act simultaneously. Both GCA and SCA effects were not significant in yield components. In F₂, both GCA of male and SCA effects were significant in stem height, number of nodes, number of pods, mainstem dependence rate, and grain weight per plant. GCA effect of male was significant in number of branhces. GCA effects of both male and female were significant in days to maturity and 100 seed weight. Non-additive genetic effects were shown in number of pods on mainstem, number of pods per plant and number of grains per plant. The significance and directions of GCA and SCA effects varied according to males and females, generations and relevant characters. According to the estimated GCA, Clark and Deogyukong were found to be desirable parents for greater vegetative growth and yield, whereas Suwon 148 for earlyness, Hwangkeumkong for large seed size, and Paldalkong for high mainstem dependence rate and short stem. The estimated SCA effect for yield and lateness was great in the crosses of L63-2404×Dogyukong and Clark×Suwon 148, while SCA effect for earlyness was large in L63-2404×Suwon 148 and Clark×Dogyukong.

정량자들의 체계적 분석을 통한 감성 평가 척도 기법 연구

권규식 ( Kyu Sik Kwon ),박소영 ( So Young Park ) 한국경영공학회 2012 한국경영공학회지 Vol.17 No.2

In this study, 20 female and male college students are chosen as a target to determine human sensibility rating scales by using questionnaire methods and compared with quantitative characters. Based on the experimental result, evaluation items of quantitative characters was analyzed to identify the quantitative characteristics of gender differences and evaluated scores were compared with analysis results. To measure human sensibility more objectively and evaluate the identified characteristics through these sensibility rating methods, various assessment characters has been applied. And it will be able to arrange framework for systematic assessment of sensibility ergonomics techniques which depends on how it can be clearly expressing whether certain amount of emotional feeling.

한국과 중국 인삼자원들의 양적 형질 특성과 유전적 유연관계 분석

송범헌,오문국,김도현,정종욱 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Background: This study was conducted to acquire basic information on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the germplasm of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from China and Korea, and identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. Methods and Results: Quantitative parameters were evaluated, and used to compare and analyze on genetic polymorphisms in the germplasm. The genetic characteristics and classifications were compared and analyzed for each character. Stem length followed a normal frequency distribution ranging from 15.5 ㎝ to 40.5 ㎝, with showing approximately 40% having a stem length of 20 - 30 ㎜. Stem diameters ranged from 2.7 ㎜ to 11.3 ㎜. Stem number per plant ranged from 1 to 3; approximately 50% had a single stem, and 45% had two stems. A non-normal frequency distribution was observed for petiole number, with approximately 60% of the germplasm having 3 - 5 petioles. Petiole length exhibited a normal frequency distribution, raging from 4.5 to 10.6. Petiole angle in the germplasm ranged from 28° to 89° and seedstalk length ranged from 5.6 ㎝ to 27.3 ㎝. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms identified by complete linkage clustering based on the quantitative characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from Korea and China were classified to 6 groups, namely I, II, III, IV, V, and VI with frequencies of 6.7%, 20.0%, 31.7%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively.