베트남의 國號와 領土

송정남 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2007 東南亞硏究 Vol.16 No.2

The name and territory of Vietnam underwent much changes in truth in long period of history. Vietnam, China and France, utilizing geopolitical factors, has been major players that brought about changes. Vietnam, Bordering on China, has been subject to incessant infiltration and interference from China for political and economic reasons. As a result, its name and territory underwent much changes. During the period of absolute monarchy Vietnam has strived for territorial expansion to the South. As a result, Chiem Thanh disappeared in the map and fair part of Cambodian soil was admitted into Vietnam. This brought about serious dispute between Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand. France was also responsible for the changes of name and territory of Vietnam. With France's advance major actors for the changes of Vietnam's name and territory changed from China and Vietnam to France. On this account Vietnam lost not only its name but also territories that its has merged from Laos and Cambodia. Furthermore, it ended Vietnam's prolonged territorial expansion policy to Laos and Cambodia. Therefore, both Cambodia and Laos was given opportunities for recovering their own territories with France's advance into the region. Both faces of Vietnam history is well reflected in the change of its name and territory. On the one hand it was realized as Vietnam's struggle for recovering its lost name and territory, but on the other it appeared as a form of encroaching on its neighbours.

베트남 후레왕조의 영토확장

송정남 ( Jung Nam Song ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2012 東南亞硏究 Vol.22 No.1

Territorial expansion of Vietnam is one of the examples that shows the history of mankind has been governed by the law of the jungle. Due to the logics of power and geopolitics Vietnam`s territorial expansion has been made mainly toward the South. Just like its long history, Vietnam`s territorial expansion has been pursued over the long haul. Vietnam`s territorial expansion started from the Ly Dynasty(1009-1225). This study is aimed at analyzing territorial expansions during the Late Le Dynasty which has pursued the objective most actively. Historically Vietnam has been the target of Chinese territorial expansion policy on the one hand and at the same time pursued its own version of territorial expansion policy towards the weak Champa and Cambodia. As a result, its history has been characterized by the ambilaterality of struggling nationalism and aggressive nationalism. In its territorial expansion into the South, Chinese immigrants` contribution was decisive factor. It was because the Chinese, by supplying the much needed labor, has accelerated the commercial development and made Vietnam as a multi-racial and multi-cultural society. On the other hand, Vietnam`s territorial expansion validates the historical experience that "the relationship has never been friendly between neighboring countries." It is true in the cases of Vietnam-China relations and Vietnam-Cambodia relations. Ties between Vietnam and Thailand in which the two countries has hotly contended for the domination of Cambodia was unfriendly, too. Despite some exceptions Vietnam-Laos relations was also the case.

중국과 베트남의 갈등관계 분석 및 고찰-베트남의 입장을 중심으로-

정혜영 중국지역학회 2014 중국지역연구 Vol.1 No.1

베트남은 인도차이나 반도에 위치하여 지리적으로 동남아시아와 연결되는 중요한 위치를 점하고 있어, 과거이래로 끊임없는 이민족의 침략을 받아왔다. 한편 중국은 역사 이래 중화사상으로 무장한 채, 주변 국가들을 병합하기 위한 외교정책을 끊임없이 펼쳐왔다. 이에 베트남은 중국의 황제로부터 책봉을 받고 조공을 바쳐야 하는 관계에 있었으며, 그렇지 않으면 중국으로부터 끊임없는 침략을 받아야하는 처지였다. 베트남과 중국의 지난 수세기 동안의 역사는, 이러한 양국과의 관계로 이루어진 화친이거나 군사충돌의 연속이었다. 그러나 베트남은 중국과 관계된 역사 질서 안에 있으면서도, 끊임 없이 자주독립을 위해 투쟁하는 강인한 민족성을 역사 안에서 보여준다. 중국과 베트남은 국경을 접하고 있어, 오랜 세월 동안 충돌과 갈등, 협력의 관계를 반복해오면서 가까우면서도 먼 관계를 유지하고있다. 이러한 갈등관계는 21세기를 사는 오늘날에도 반복되고 있는데, 베트남의갈등관리는 과거와는 다른 양상인 ‘갈등 하에서도 협력하는 이중적 관계’, 혹은‘갈등을 표면화 시키지 않고 관리’하는 협력의 관계로 나아가고 있다. 본 논문은 베트남의 입장에서 중국을 바라보는 시각으로 베트남과 중국의 갈등관계와 그 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 또한 베트남과 중국의 관계에서 한반도의상황에 대한 대응의 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 즉 주변 강대국들과의 관계 여하와 그갈등관리 대처방법에 따라 한반도 정세가 변화하는 작금의 상황하, 과거와 현재의중-베의 갈등관계를 고찰하는 일은, 한국과 중국의 관계 정립에 있어서 일정한 시사점을 얻을 수 있을 것이다. This article mainly aims to analyze the study and the prospect of Vietnam and China’s conflict relation with Vietnam’s perspectives. Geography and history have jointly made Vietnam into one of the countries most sensitive to developments in South East Asia. Half of Vietnam’s past was under Chinese rule. In almost another half, Vietnam looked at China as the largest source of challenges. Now as well as then, Vietnam lies on china’s Opportunities and Challenges. But Vietnam have an own strategies against China that from the historical experience. Currently, Vietnam still has territorial disputes to solve problem with China. But Vietnam still can handle territorial disputes with multilateral international cooperation and the solution of economic compensation through economic relationship with China. Moreover, Interaction of balance of power among China, America, and ASEAN is used for Vietnam’s china respondence of strategy. Vietnam and China’s conflict relation is still repeating in the 21st century. But their conflict relation began to take on a different aspect compared to those of the past. That is to say “Conflict based on the bilateral relationship of cooperation” or “Mutual cooperation for their conflict management” China and Vietnam has own their strategies from ancient relationship to current territorial disputes. And From their historical experience, we hope to get the message for the Korea’s response strategy of china’s challenges.

베트남의 남중국해 영유권 문제와 영토교육

이상균 ( Saangkyun Yi ),최희 ( Hee Choi ),융티탄프엉 ( Duong Thi Thanh Phuong ),김종근 ( Jong-geun Kim ) 한국지리학회 2017 한국지리학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Vietnam and Korea have a lot of aspects similar both in historically and geopolitically. Especially, the difficulties that Vietnam is going through, due to the sovereignty issues surrounding the South China Sea, has much to suggest us. For Korea, who is facing difficult national issues such as the sovereignty of Dokdo island as well as the naming of `The East Sea` etc., the timing seems just right in reviewing the Vietnam`s case study. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the Vietnam`s response methodology and the status on territorial education regarding the sovereignty issues they are facing. As a result of the research, in Vietnam, the East Sea (Bien đong) related academic conferences are led annually by the government organizations such as Vietnam Diplomatic Academy, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, East Sea (Bien đong) Research Foundation, and Vietnam Legal Society. The East Sea (Bien đong) Research Foundation offers a variety of academic awards in order to encourage researchers` interests and participations. In addition to the academic researches, Vietnamese people, via SNS, are propagating throughout the world the illegal activities by Chinese and their unfair situation that they face, in order to attract worldwide netizens` interest and sympathy. At school, students strengthen their determination in protecting their territories by listening to lectures on `The Islands` in the East Sea or by participating themselves in performances that symbolize the Vietnamese territory. In addition, a systematic territorial education is being conducted through the regular courses such as History, Geography, Civic Education, and Defense Education.

Contested Sovereignty: Local Politics and State Power in Territorial Conflicts on the Vietnam-China Border, 1650s–1880s

Vũ Đường Luân 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.20

This article analyzes territorial disputes and political relationships at the border between China and Vietnam from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Predominant Western scholarship argues that, owing to the tributary relationship among states and polities, there was no territorial boundary in premodern Asia; furthermore, it suggests, the concept of the “geo-body” of a nation or sovereign state only arose with the transfer of new mapping technology from Europe. This article argues instead that the absence of lines of demarcation on Vietnamese and Chinese maps before the late nineteenth century does not connote a lack of consciousness of the existence of borders. The quest for autonomy throughout history by local communities living between China and Vietnam gave rise to border conflicts, which led to the intervention by and expansion of these two states, as well as negotiations and territorial division between them. The transformation of the China-Vietnam border from a premodern to a modern form thus did not depend solely on its cartographic representation; it also involved the power of the state to control space. Additionally, this article demonstrates that tensions over the border did not simply involve central governments but often resulted from a combination of local conflicts and the complicated relations between local actors and the state. The article suggests a new approach to exploring the history of state borders from the perspective of local people, in which the “in-between communities” are not seen as passive objects of border demarcation but are also a driving force in the establishment of a frontier. While the “in-between communities” discussed in this article were behind conflicts over land and its division into national territories, their manipulations of ethnic identity and transgressive mobility also helped blur the border between the two countries.

베트남의 국호(國號)와 령토(領土)

송정남 ( Jeong Nam Song ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.16 No.2

Introduction to “Mapping Vietnameseness”

Hue-Tam Ho Tai 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.20