남부아프리카 지역통합의 대내외적 요인에 관한 연구

여강모(Yeo Kang Mo) 한국아프리카학회 2003 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.17 No.-

In the case of the regional integration in the Southern African area, the desirability of promoting regional integration among the states of Southern Africa is widely acknowledged. Multilateral agencies, non-governmental organizations, national governmental and academics, from within the regional and beyond, are united in their calls for some form of regional integration. With a few notable exception, there is remarkable degree of consensus that regionalism is not only desirable but also necessary. In fact, the most commonly cited justifications for regional integration arise from the problems associated with the small size of individual Southern African economies. Especially, the appeal of regionalism in Southern Africa is almost intuitive economically. By joining together, states are in a position to exploit larger scale economies, and at the same time, to restructure the regional economy in a way that benefits the production base of the region. This economic rationale explains why the creation of trading blocs has been, and continues to be, at the very center of intra-African cooperation. Ti is for this reason that the political economy of trade and trading blocs forms the focus of this paper. The aim of this paper is to review the state of regional in Southern Africa. It does this by, first of all, examining the theoretical background to regionalism in order to identify the principle policy options available to the states of Southern Africa. Second, it evaluates those factors most likely to determine the character and evolution of Southern African regionalism at the start of the 21st century. Finally it examines the political infrastructure of Southern African regionalism in the light of the policy options and principal factors outlined above.

Human Security-Development and the New Regionalism Discourse in Southern Africa

Hwang Kyu-Deug 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2007 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.21 No.-

Out of a long history of colonial and racist confrontation, Southern Africa embraces the basic tenets of human security-development and regionalism. Southern Africa in a post-apartheid era is an emerging region in transition from protracted colonial, apartheid and civil wars. Hence, it is a region which requires a cautious approach to security and development. The region's abundant resources in the form of rich and varied mineral resources, natural and wildlife resources and undeveloped human resources, are still to be secured to the benefit of the region's people. Moreover, the Southern African region is a region with a multiracial and multiethnic population. This region has not only experienced a long history of racial wars, but also established interstate and intercommunity-based economic, social and cultural connections. This implies that the Southern African region is placed with challenges as well as opportunities to constitutes the foundations around which a prosperous region must evolve. In particular, give the fact that underdeveloped situation from multi-sectors, including political, economic, military, societal and environmental sectors, human security-development and regional cooperation must thus provide strategies for promoting the discourse of accommodation while managing conflicts in the region. Within this context, this paper defines the concept of human security-development with looking for the interrelationship between human security and human development. In doing so, it will examine human development linked to human security in Southern Africa. Thereafter, it will conclude with projecting the new regionalist discourse to be applied to the concepts of human security-development in Southern Africa.

남부아프리카에서 신지역주의와 안보공동체의 구성주의적 접근 : SADC 사례를 중심으로

황규득(Hwang Kyu Deug) 한국아프리카학회 2006 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.23 No.-

Historically, the Southern African Development Community (SADC)'s region had experienced antagonism between many of the states. In Southern Africa: that is, the politics of apartheid in combination with the Cold War polarized the regional dynamics with a division between the Front Line States (FLS) and South Africa. Thus, until the collapse of the Cold War, the region could be characterized as a security complex with relations dominated by patterns of enmity rather than amity. Since the end of the Cold War and the demise of the apartheid, however, the region has experienced significant changes in which particular regional dynamics have played a critical role. Given the crucial issue of SADC, an analysis and evaluation of the processes of transformations of the region is called for in order to assess the prospects and challenges for moving toward security community that might result in peace-making linked to matured security cooperation. The purpose of this article is to explore the extent to which regional security cooperation in the SADC region contributes to the transformation of what Raimo Varynen calls regional conflict formations into regional security communities. In exploring the evolutionary processes of Southern African security cooperation in the context of the new regionalism, this article argues that it is necessary to open a space for alternative explanatory perspectives and prompt us to move away from a narrowly-defined and Western-centred view of rationalist theories such as neo-realism and neo-liberalism. In pointing out that rationalist theories have not given serious attention to the questions of social or ideational structures, but mainly to the questions of material structures, however, this article asserts that constructivism is useful not only to explore how norms, institutions and identities are (re )making the processes and characters of regional security mechanisms, but also to illuminate whether and to what extent SADC's new regionalism can be applied to the picture of regional security community in Southern Africa.

Globalization and the New Regionalism in Southern Africa

HWANG, Kyu-Deug(황규득) 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2015 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.37 No.-

탈아파르트헤이트 시기 남부아프리카의 지역적 역동성과 역내 개발과 안보 지역주의의 다양한 특성을 이해 및 접근하기 위해서는 세계화와 깊은 연관성을 가지고 있는 신지역주의를 연구할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 국제체제 속에서 새롭게 등장하고 있는 변형적 지역주의(transformative regionalism)와 비결정론적 또는 개방적 지역주의(open-ended regionalism)의 흐름과 추세에 따라 역동적인 변화와 새로운 지역 환경 및 구성요소들에 주안점을 두면서 본 연구의 핵심 개념인 세계화와 신지역주의의 특성을 살펴본다. 주요한 개념적 특성을 살펴 본 후, 본 논문은 탈아파르트헤이트 시기 첫 10 년 기간 동안 신지역주의의 맥락하에서 남부아프리카의 개발과 안보 지역주의가 어떠한 과정과 양상으로 발전하였는지를 고찰한다. In order to understand post-Apartheid Southern Africa’s regional dynamics and specifically how it has approached the conundrum of the various features of development and security regionalism, it is important to understand the forces of the new regionalism associated with globalization. Thus, this paper deals with the various concepts of the two important forces characterized by globalization and the new regionalism with outlining the dramatically changed situation and content of the renewed trend towards transformative and open-ended regionalism in the international system. Thereafter, it will try to examine the processes and patterns of development and security regionalism within the context of the new regionalism in Southern Africa with a focus on the first decade of post-Apartheid era.

A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement on the Economic Impacts of COVID-19 in North and Southern Africa

Pousseni Bakouan,Issaka Dialga,Issaka Dialga,Rélouendé Zidouemba 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2022 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.37 No.1

COVID-19 has forced many governments to take emergency health measures which are undermining productive capacities and disrupting global supply chains. Southern and Northern Africa have been heavily impacted by such measures. According to UNCTAD statistics (2021), the average annual growth rate of exports in Northern and Southern Africa fell by 27.61% and 6.96%, respectively in 2020. Yet, the effective operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) could have limited some of the pandemic’s economic impacts. Using a computable general equilibrium model, this paper first analyzes the pandemic’s economic impact and then assesses the ability of the AfCFTA to mitigate the economic impacts of COVID-19. The simulation results show that the AfCFTA would mitigate the economic impact in Southern and Northern Africa. It reduces the decline in intra-regional exports by 7.87 percentage points in 2021. The study emphasizes the need to remove non-tariff barriers to amplify potential positive effects.

남부아프리카 초 국경평화공원의 지정학적 접근

문남철(Moon, Nam Cheol) 한국지역지리학회 2017 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 초 국경평화공원의 세계적 확산에 선도적인 역할을 하고 있는 남부아프리카의 초 국경평화공원을 사례로 지정학적 관점에서 (초) 국경공원의 역할과 기능, 형태가 시대적 정치상황에 따라 어떻게 변화되어 왔고, 현재 초 국경평화공원의 문제점은 무엇인가에 대해 분석하였다. 남부아프리카의 국경공원은 식민지 시대와 아파르트헤이트 시기, 냉전 및 내전시기에 유럽열강의 충돌을 완화하고 광역 식민지를 분리・통치하고 공산주의와 흑인해방운동의 공간적 확산을 차단하기 위한 역할과 기능을 하였다. 그리고 냉전과 내전, 아파르트헤이트의 종식 이후 국경공원을 통합한 생태학적 초 국경평화공원은 국가 간, 지역 간, 인종 간 대립과 갈등을 해소하고 평화체제를 구축하기 위한 역할과 기능을 하고 있다. 그러나 남부아프리카의 생태학적 초 국경평화공원은 대립과 갈등의 해소와 평화체계의 구축에 효과적인 수단이라는 평가를 받고 있으나 국가 간 인적, 재정적, 기술적 자원의 불균형과 백인과 흑인 간의 경제적, 문화적 차이로 인해 남아프리카 공화국의 정치-경제적 지배와 인종집단 간 사회-공간적 갈등이 재생산될 수 있다는 비판도 받고 있다. This study has the purpose of geopolitical analysis on the role, function and problem of (trans) frontier park in Southern Africa. Frontier parks in Southern Africa had been used as a buffer zone between colonial empires and British colonial administration during the colonial period and as an interdiction zone of communism and black liberation movement during the apartheid regime, the cold war and the civil war. The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa which is integrating the adjacent Frontier parks is utilized as a means of a conflict resolution and peace building after the end of cold war, civil war and apartheid regime, The ecological transfrontier peace parks in Southern Africa is very highly regarded as an effective means for a conflict resolution and peace building. But it is also being criticized for a reproduction of South Africa"s politico-economic domination and of a socio-spatial division between racial groups.

Exploring Growth Linkages and Market Opportunities for Agriculture in Southern Africa

( Alejandro Nin Pratt ),( Xinshen Diao ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.1

The heterogeneity of southern African countries offers the region a unique opportunity to exploit agricultural potential and trade opportunities through regional integration. We analyze the implications of such opportunities using a regional general equilibrium model. We find that growth in South Africa benefits the region`s lowincome countries through increased demand for their agricultural exports, higher prices that stimulate production for domestic markets, and slower decline of prices from increased production. Agricultural productivity growth, however, is necessary for low-income countries to take advantage of South Africa`s growth. The largest benefits for low-income countries result from rising productivity of grain and livestock production.

남아프리카의 일부다처제에 관한 소고: 전통의 실체와 변화

설병수 ( Seol Byung-soo ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2019 비교문화연구 Vol.57 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 남아프리카의 일부다처제가 역사적 궤적과 노동 이주의 맥락에서 어떤 식으로 존재해 왔는지를 검토하는 데 있다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 사회ㆍ경제적 변화에도 불구하고, ‘문화적 관성’과 ‘실제적 필요성’ 때문에 일부다처제가 쉽게 소멸하지 않을 것이라는 주장을 펴고자 한다. 본 연구에서 논의된 주요 내용을 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남아프리카 전통 사회에서 일부다처제가 만연했다는 일반적 인식은 ‘신화’에 가깝다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 남아프리카의 일부다처제와 성적 관행은 개별 집단의 존재 조건과 행위 주체의 사회ㆍ경제적 배경에 따라 그 실천 양상이 다르게 나타난다. 셋째, 19세기 후반부터 시작된 대규모 노동 이주는 전통적 가족과 공동체 구조의 균열을 초래했다. 넷째, 1970년대 후반부터 시작된 남아공의 경기 침체는 일부다처제의 존속을 더욱더 위태롭게 하고 있다. 다섯째, 이런 상황에서도 남아공 사람 중 상당수는 일부다처제가 존속되길 원한다. 여섯째, 남성과 여성이 일부다처혼을 통해 획득하는 상징성은 각기 다르다. This paper aims to examine how polygyny in southern Africa has existed in the context of historical trajectory and labor migration. Through it all, the study tried to argue that, despite socioeconomic changes, polygyny will not easily disappear, because of cultural inertia and practical necessity. The points discussed in the paper can be summarized as follows. First, the general perception that polygyny prevailed in traditional southern African societies is close to a myth. Second, polygyny and sexual practices in the area manifest different aspects according to each group’s existential conditions and the agent’s socioeconomic background. Third, large-scale labor migration starting from the late 19th century resulted in the fissure of the traditional family and community structures. Fourth, the economic recession in South Africa that began in the 1970s has endangered the survival of polygyny more and more. Fifth, despite such a situation, most South African people want the institution to survive. Finally, men and women obtain different symbolic meanings from polygynous marriage.

Globalization and the New Regionalism in Southern Africa: With a Special Reference to Development and Security Regionalism in the First Decade of Post-Apartheid Era

황규득 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 아프리카연구소 2015 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.37 No.-

In order to understand post-Apartheid Southern Africa’s regional dynamics and specifically how it has approached the conundrum of the various features of development and security regionalism, it is important to understand the forces of the new regionalism associated with globalization. Thus, this paper deals with the various concepts of the two important forces characterized by globalization and the new regionalism with outlining the dramatically changed situation and content of the renewed trend towards transformative and open-ended regionalism in the international system. Thereafter, it will try to examine the processes and patterns of development and security regionalism within the context of the new regionalism in Southern Africa with a focus on the first decade of post-Apartheid era.

Constructing Politico-Security Regionalism in Southern Africa:The Case of SADC

황규득 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2007 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.14 No.1

This paper analyzes the mechanisms of politico-security regionalism in SADC with a special focus on the SADC Organ and the emergence of the SADC Mutual Defense Pact in 2003. The primary aim of this paper is not only to investigate the regional organization’s methods of how to approach regional security issues, but also to question whether and to what extent SADC provides a regional response to security challenges. In doing so, emphasizing the utility of constructivism, this paper argues that SADC attempts to construct the politico-security regionalism which is made and remade by the regional member states in the post-Cold War era.