Adiponectin deficiency contributes to sensitivity in human skin

( Eun Ju Kim ),( Dong Hun Lee ),( Yeon Kyung Kim ),( Hee Chul Eun ),( Jin Ho Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Background: Sensitive skin is a common, challenging skin condition of which pathophysiology and treatment strategy has been largely unexplored. Recently, we identified abnormal regulation of genes involved in muscle contraction, acidic homeostasis and metabolism in sensitive skin, by using a whole-genome microarray analysis of skin samples obtained from subjects with sensitive or non-sensitive skin, and suggest that sensitive skin is closely associated with impaired acidic homeostasis and pain provocation. Objectives: To investigate the role of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) in the pathogenesis of sensitive skin Methods: Healthy subjects with sensitive or non- sensitive skin were recruited based on standardized questionnaires and 10% lactic acid stinging test. In vitro transcript and physiologic changes were examined in human RD cells, as an in vitro model of human skeletal muscle. Results: Expression of ADIPOQ and its receptors, accompanied by low AMPK activity, were down-regulated in sensitive skin. Knockdown of ADIPOQ in vitro could recapitulate the unique gene signature and physiologic alterations in sensitive skin in vivo. Moreover, adiponectinsupplementation successfully reversed the aberrations associated with sensitive skin, raising the possibility of the therapeutic ADIPOQ stimulation in sensitive skin. Conclusion: In conclusion, we discovered that adiponectin, a well-known multifunctional adipokine, is a criticalregulator in the development of sensitive skin.

민감성 피부

이철헌 ( Cheol Heon Lee ) 한국피부장벽학회 2009 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Sensitive skin is a condition of abnormally hyperreactive to environmental factors or topically applied skin care products. Approximately half of the general population, when ask, report that they have sensitive skin, and sensitive skin is widespread since the use of cosmetics is increasing with increased concern about their skin and the advancement in economy. Signs of discomfort as itching, burning, stinging, and a tight sensation are commonly developed, associated or not with skin lesions such as erythema, papule, or scale. Stinging test using lactic acid has been frequently used for the assessment of sensitive skin. But some authors suggested that the term sensitive skin has to be used very differentiated such as sensitive skin, irritable skin, and stinger. They also suggested that there were no relation between sensitive skin and stinger. Sensitive skin patients should be evaluated thoroughly the underlying intrinsic skin diseases, irritants, or allergens, and must be treated their skin diseases, and should be eliminated related irritants or allergens from the formulation. Old cosmetics should be discarded and cosmetics less than 10 ingredients are recommended for sensitive skin. Sensitive skin products can minimize potential irritation by including anti-irritants.

The clinical characteristics of the sensitive skin

( Seok Young Kang ),( Jin Cheol Kim ),( Min Je Jung Bo ),( Young Chung ),( Chun Wook Park ),( Hye One Kim ) 한국피부장벽학회 2020 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Background: Sensitive skin exhibits various clinical characteristics. Baumann classified sensitive skin into the four categories; stinging, allergic, acne and rosacea types. Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of sensitive skin according to the classification of Baumann. Methods: With the sensitive skin scale-10, a questionnaire for measuring severity, the patients whose scores are over 50 and less than 20 were defined as sensitive skin group (n=37) and control group (n=21), respectively. Characteristics and objective measurements (transepidermal water loss [TEWL], epidermal moisture content, Von Frey filament test, demodex density) are recruited and sensitive skin group were divided according to the classification of Baumann. Results: Most patients with sensitive skin were female and the mean age was 36.78 ± 11.90. The most common subtype was rosacea type followed by allergic type. Overall, the average of the TEWL in patient group was 23.21 ± 13.28, higher than control group (8.90 ± 3.09) and the reference value (14.0 ± 8.80). The epidermal moisture content of patient group was statistically lower than control group. Mean age was statistically higher in rosacea type and disease duration was longer in acne type than other subtypes. There is no significant difference in epidermal moisture content, TEWL, von frey filament difference, and demodex density among subtypes. Conclusion: There are distinct clinical characteristics in the four subtypes in sensitive skin. Definition of sensitive skin should include the diversity of diseases and skin lesions. It will help to approach patients with sensitive skin.

International regulatory requirements for skin sensitization testing

Daniel, Amber B.,Strickland, Judy,Allen, David,Casati, Silvia,Zuang, Valé,rie,Barroso, Joã,o,Whelan, Maurice,Ré,gimbald-Krnel, M.J.,Kojima, Hajime,Nishikawa, Akiyoshi,Park, Hye-Kyung Elsevier 2018 Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology Vol.95 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Skin sensitization test data are required or considered by chemical regulation authorities around the world. These data are used to develop product hazard labeling for the protection of consumers or workers and to assess risks from exposure to skin-sensitizing chemicals. To identify opportunities for regulatory uses of non-animal replacements for skin sensitization tests, the needs and uses for skin sensitization test data must first be clarified. Thus, we reviewed skin sensitization testing requirements for seven countries or regions that are represented in the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM). We noted the type of skin sensitization data required for each chemical sector and whether these data were used in a hazard classification, potency classification, or risk assessment context; the preferred tests; and whether alternative non-animal tests were acceptable. An understanding of national and regional regulatory requirements for skin sensitization testing will inform the development of ICATM's international strategy for the acceptance and implementation of non-animal alternatives to assess the health hazards and risks associated with potential skin sensitizers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We reviewed regulatory requirements for skin sensitization testing, by chemical sector, of seven countries or regions. </LI> <LI> This review summarizes data needs for hazard classification, potency classification, and risk assessment. </LI> <LI> We identify preferred test methods and note whether non-animal alternative test methods are acceptable. </LI> <LI> This effort will inform an international strategy for implementing non-animal approaches for skin sensitization assessment. </LI> </UL> </P>

민감성 피부에서 부식성 및 비부식성 자극물질에 의한 피부자극에 관한 비교연구

이보현 ( Bo Hyun Lee ),박창근 ( Chang Keun Park ),김혜원 ( Hye One Kim ),조희진 ( Hee Jin Jo ),박천욱 ( Chun Wook Park ),이철헌 ( Cheol Heon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2007 대한피부과학회지 Vol.45 No.6

Background: Sensitive skin is largely agreed to be a lay term used by individuals who have reduced tolerance to frequent or prolonged use of cosmetics and toiletries, with symptoms ranging from subjective neurosensory forms of discomfort such as stinging, burning, itching, tightness and smarting sensations to visible signs of irritation such as erythema and scaling. Although the concept of sensitive skin is intriguing to many dermatologists, the diagnosis is dependant on self-perceived symptoms. Models to define sensitive skin are not standardized, and the term sensitive skin can be misleading. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate difference of influence to skin barrier function between corrosive and non-corrosive agents in sensitive skin. Methods: 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 2% solution of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 20% solution of nonanoic acid (NAA) were applied on volar forearm skin for 24 hours in healthy controls and self-perceived sensitive skin subjects without underlying problems. Clinical score, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and erythema-index (E-index) were compared between healthy controls and the sensitive skin group. Results: Clinical scores, TEWL values and E-indices showed a rising curve concentration for each irritant in a similar pattern. There were no significant differences in clinical score and TEWL value between non-sensitive and sensitive skin. In contrast, E-indices evaluated from sensitive skin subjects were much higher than those in a healthy controls. Conclusion: An elevated TEWL value indicates barrier impairment. An increase in the erythema parameter shows that cutaneous vascular reactions have an unspecifically exaggerated reaction to various irritants and this induces multifarious inflammatory reactions and vasodilation. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that sensitive skin without underlying disease is derived from cutaneous vascular hyperreactivity and various inflammatory reactions, rather than barrier impairment. (Korean J Dermatol 2007;45(6):551∼559)

여드름 환자에서의 여드름과 민감성 피부 연관성에 관한 연구

최원 ( Won Choi ),명기범 ( Ki Bum Myung ),한형진 ( Hyung Jin Hahn ),정승현 ( Seung Hyun Cheong ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회지 Vol.57 No.7

Background: Acne is a common inflammatory skin disease that involves the seborrheic area, developing not only in adolescence but also in adulthood. Abnormal epidermal barrier function in acne is reported and suspected as a risk factor that leads to sensitive skin through a few experimental studies. Impaired skin barrier function against environmental factors and irritants may play a role in increasing sensitivity of the skin in patients with acne. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acne and analyze the association between acne and sensitive skin. Methods: Acne severity and history of treatments were recorded and subjective symptoms of sensitive skin with aggravating factors were analyzed through a questionnaire. Acne severity was determined using the Investigator’s Global Assessment scale of acne severity and Global Acne Grading System. The score and severity of sensitive skin were determined using the Baumann skin-type test. Results: Of 100 patients with acne, 76% were actually confirmed to have sensitive skin. However, there was no significant association between acne severity and severity of sensitive skin (p=0.805). The most common aggravating factor of sensitive skin was washing the face (60%), followed by cosmetics use (56%) and hot weather (55%). The most common symptom of sensitive skin was itching (55%), which was proven as the only factor associated with severity of sensitive skin (p=0.016). Conclusion: Cosmetics use on the face is a noticeable important aggravating factor of sensitive skin, which can provoke itching, which is proven as the only symptom significantly related with severity of sensitive skin. Therefore, in the treatment of acne with sensitive skin, proper use of moisturizers and careful washing are required, and it is important to avoid hot weather and excessive sun exposure and carefully choose cosmetics. (Korean J Dermatol 2019;57(7):355∼362)

민감성 피부에서 젖산 자상 검사 및 기초경표피수분손실에 대한 연구

김진영 ( Jin Young Kim ),김상석 ( Sang Seok Kim ),조희진 ( Hee Jin Cho ),박천욱 ( Chun Wook Park ),이철헌 ( Cheol Heon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2006 대한피부과학회지 Vol.44 No.5

Background: Patients with sensitive skin are those individuals who state that their skin is more sensitive than the average person. But there is no clear-cut dermatological definition to describe, or standard method to evaluate sensitive skin. Objective: To elucidate the biophysical differences between sensitive and non-sensitive skins, we measured baseline transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and performed the lactic acid sting test. Methods: A total of 503 people responded to self-assessment questionnaires, composed of questions about self-perception, related factors, and symptoms and signs of sensitive skin. In 55 of these, we measured baseline TEWL and performed a 10% lactic acid sting test on the malar eminence of the face using a Hilltop chamber. In the lactic acid sting test, the stinging sensation was rated by patients every 1 minute, on a 4-point scale, with cumulative stinging scores. Results: The incidence of self-reported sensitive skin was 43.3% for women and 23.9% for men. The cumulative scores of the lactic acid sting test were not higher in the sensitive skin group (p>0.05). However, the onset time of the stinging sensation was faster in the sensitive skin group (p<0.05). There was no difference in the baseline TEWL (p>0.05) between the sensitive skin and non-sensitive skin groups. Furthermore there was no correlation between baseline TEWL and 10% lactic acid sting test in the sensitive skin group compared to the non-sensitive skin group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our experiment showed that the 10% lactic acid sting test is still not an adequate or ideal method to assess sensitive skin, and another new reproducible and objective method is necessary to assess sensitive skin. (Korean J Dermatol 2006;44(5):561~566)

The clinical characteristics of the sensitive skin Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea

( Seokyoung Kang ),( Jincheol Kim ),( Minje Jung ),( Boyoung Chung ),( Chunwook Park ),( Hyeone Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Sensitive skin exhibits various clinical characteristics. Baumann classified sensitive skin into the four categories; stinging, allergic, acne and rosacea types Objectives: We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of sensitive skin according to the classification of Baumann Methods: With the sensitive skin scale-10, a questionnaire for measuring severity, the patients whose scores are over 50 and less than 20 were defined as sensitive skin group (n=37) and control group (n=21), respectively. Characteristics and objective measurements (transepidermal water loss [TEWL], epidermal moisture content, Von Frey filament test, demodex density) are recruited and sensitive skin group were divided according to the classification of Baumann Results: Most patients with sensitive skin were female and the mean age were 36.24 ± 11.90. The most common subtype was rosacea type followed by allergic type. Overall, the average of the TEWL in patient group was 23.21 ± 13.28, higher than control group (8.90 ± 3.09) and the reference value (14.0 ± 8.80). The epidermal moisture content of patient group was statistically lower than control group. There is no significant difference in TEWL and epidermal moisture content among subtypes. The demodex density of rosacea type is statistically higher than that of acne and stinging type Conclusion: There are distinct clinical characteristics in the four subtypes in sensitive skin. It will help to approach patients with sensitive skin

P226 : Sensitive skin in Korean population

( Yu Ri Kim ),( Hae Jeong Youn ),( Min Jung Kim ),( Soo Young Kim ),( Nam Kyung Roh ),( Ho Jung Jung ),( Jae Wook Jung ),( Yu Na Lee ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Sensitive skin is characterized by the occurrence of sensations of tingling, prickling, heat, burning, pain or itching and, on occasion, erythema in response to multiple physical, chemical or hormonal factors that do not have irritant properties by themselves. Objectives: This study sought to identify the proportion of sensitive skin and their charicteristics in Korean population. Methods: Representative nationwide samples of the Korean populations aged 18 and over were selected. The individuals were questioned by telephone and selected as per the quotas method. Results: Among the 1000 individuals, 55.3% of men and 59.4% of women answered “sensitive” or “very sensitive”. The difference between the 2 sexes is significant (p<0.02). The sensitive skin group are 2 to 4 times more to declare dermatosis, and are 2 or 3 times more reactive to environmental factors, cosmetics and food intake compared with the non-sensitive skin group. Conclusion: 56.8% of Korean appear to have sensitive skin. It is the highest prevalence among the countries reporting theirs. Respondents complaining of sensitive skin appeal more reactive skin to unexpected factors than those with non-sensitive skin. Dermatologists should therefore routinely question their patients’ skin sensitivity and provide them more care.

Sol-M®의 피부 자극성 및 감작성 연구

이혜숙,황석연 한국피부과학연구원 2010 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The use of atopic agents has been recently increased in various kinds of products, although there were some reports that atopic agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study was conducted to investigate the skin irritation and skin sensitization induced by Sol-M® which contains Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex, Pinus densiflora Sieb., Mori Cortex Radicis in rabbits and guinea pigs according to Korea Food and Drug Agency(KFDA) guidelines for toxicological test. GPMT(The Guinea Pig Maximization Test) method was applied to evaluate the sensitization potential of Sol-M® in Hartley guinea pigs. In primary skin irritation test, rabbits were treated with 5 %, 10 % and 20 % of Sol-M® for 24 hrs. Sol-M® did not induced any adverse reaction such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed edema 24 hrs after topical application. So 5 %, 10 % and 20% of Sol-M® was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on the score 0.21, 0.33 and 0.27 of primary irritation index. In the sensitization test, guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1 ml Sol-M® for 24 hrs. After 1 week, Sol-M® was treated on the site of injection and challenged 2 weeks later. 10 % and 20 % of Sol-M® was classified to grade Ⅲ and Ⅴ, indicating moderate and extreme sensitizers, respectively. From results of the present study, it is suggested that 10 % Sol-M® is a practically-safe material to skin without potential of irritation and sensitization. 본 연구는 아토피 피부에 사용되는 천연추출 복합물인 Sol-M®을 면역독성 평가의 일환으로 접촉성 과민반응 유발의 가능성을 접촉성 알러지 시험에 많이 사용되는 동물인 기니픽을 실험동물로 하는 GPMT(The Guinea Pig Maximization Test)를 이용하여 감작 및 피부자극성을 평가하였다. 피부자극시험에서는 Sol-M® 5, 10 그리고 20 % 농도별로 토끼의 피부에 적용한 후 국소적으로 나타나는 피부자극성을 평가하기 위하여 홍반, 가피 및 부종의 형성정도를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 Sol-M® 5, 10 그리고 20 % 처치군에서 제모 한 정상 피부 및 인위적으로 손상을 준 피부에서 홍반과 가피가 형성되지 않았지만 약간의 부종은 확인되었다. 피부자극 평가표 및 일차피부자극지수를 산출한 결과 Sol-M® 5, 10, 20 %의 P.I.I.는 매우 낮은 수준인 0.21, 0.33, 0.27로 확인되어 최고 20 % 농도까지 비자극 물질인 것으로 사료된다. 피부감작시험에서는 반응유도 후 시험물질을 제거하고 최종 관찰한 결과, 용매인 증류수 투여군과 고농도인 Sol-M 10 % 처치군에서 약 50 %의 경미한 피부감작성이 관찰되었다. Sol-M 20 % 처치군은 자극 지수 1의 경도 반응을 나타낸 동물이 6마리 중 5마리가 나타나 등급 Ⅴ(매우강함)로 평가되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 10 % 이하의 Sol-M®을 임상에 적용할시 약물에 의한 자극성 및 면역반응에 의한 감작성 부작용을 유발하지 않을 것으로 판단된다.