최근 한국사회의 사회이동 추세: 1990-2000

차종천(Cha Jongchun) 한국사회학회 2002 韓國社會學 Vol.36 No.2

그 동안 사회이동연구가 신뢰할 만한 자료의 부족으로 어려움을 겪어왔다는 점에서 지난 1990년부터 시작되어 5년 주기로 세 차례나 실시되어 온 불평등과 공정성 조사는 불평등과 사회이동에 관한 자료의 질 문제를 크게 향상시킨 시도로 주목할 만하다. 이 연구는 동 조사 자료에서 얻어진 사회이동표들에 대하여 주로 상호연관모형, 대각선외부완전 이동모형, 통과모수모형을 적용하여 분석한 것이다. 그 결과, 1990년과 1995년에 실시된 1, 2차 조사 자료의 분석 결과들이 상당히 유사하게 나타나는 반면, 2000년 자료의 그것과 차이를 나타낸다는 점이 상당히 일관적으로 드러났다. 상호연관모형들 가운데에서는 3차 조사의 경우에 일양적상관효과모형의 부합도가 탁월하게 나타난 데 비하여, 1, 2차 조사의 경우에는 열모형의 부합도가 상대적으로 나은 것으로 드러났으며, 세 사회이동표를 결합한 3차원 교차표를 분석해 보아도 1, 2차 조사의 결과가 비슷하고, 3차 조사의 그것과 구별된다는 의미에서 제한적인 이질적 열효과모형이 보다 잘 들어맞는 것으로 드러났다. 그리고, 일련의 대각선외부완전이동모형들 가운데에서도 같은 의미로 제한적인 육체근로자완전이동모형이나 의사완전모형의 부합도가 우수하게 나타났다. 또한, 논의과정에서 육체근로자완전이동모형과 통과모수모형의 등가성이 발견되어 이동체제의 상이점에 초점을 맞춰서 비교하였는데, 장차 이 문제에 대한 본격적인 대수적 규명이 시급히 촉진되어야 할 것이다. Until recently research in social mobility has suffered from lack of reliable and representative data. In the light of this situation, the efforts that have been made by the Social Inequality and Justice(SIJ) project team to collect data through a series of national sample surveys for more than a decade appear to be a notable contribution to current research in social stratification and mobility. This study analyzes the structure of and the trends in intergenerational occupational mobility by applying association models, off-diagonal cells perfect mobility models, and crossings parameters model to the mobility tables obtained from SIJ-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ, and -Ⅲ surveys that had been conducted in 1990, 1995, and 2000, respectively. To a considerable extent, results show consistently that mobility patterns of SIJ-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ data are similar to each other, while differentiated from that of SIJ-Ⅲ data. Among association models, uniform association model appears to be the best-fitting model for SIJ-Ⅲ data, whereas column-effects model shows relatively good fit for SIJ-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ data. Among a group of off-diagonal cells perfect mobility models, constrained perfect blue-collar mobility model and quasi-perfect mobility model turn out to show better fits to the data. Along the course of discussion, it is also noted that perfect blue-collar mobility model and crossings parameters model are indeed equivalent. Accordingly mobility regimes derived from interaction parameter estimates of both models are examined, but there is hardly any doubt that further research is needed to clarify algebraically the underlying mechanism causing the equivalence itself.

Performance Evaluation and Comparison of IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee MAC Protocols Based on Different Mobility Models

Elmustafa S.Ali Ahmed,Bakhita El.Sheikh Ali,Eman Omer Osman,Tagwa Amin M. Ahmed 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.2

Wireless systems continue to rapidly gain popularity. This fact is extremely true for data networks in the local and personal areas. Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocols have a critical role in making a typical Mobile ad hoc network and Personal ad hoc network more reliable and efficient. Choice of MAC layer protocol and other factors including number of nodes, mobility, traffic rate and playground size dictates the performance of a particular WLAN and WPAN. The aim of this paper is to analysis the performance of mobility models in IEEE802.11 MAC and IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee MAC using NS2.34.These mobility models are RPGM, RWM, Freeway mobility and city section mobility model. Then extraction of the simulation results based on the performance metrics to calculate a Packet Delivery Ratio, data loss, end-to-end delay and Throughput.

Hierarchical Coloured Petri Net based Random Direction Mobility Model for Wireless Communications

( Naeem Akhtar Khan ),( Farooq Ahmad ),( Syed Asad Hussain ),( Mudasser Naseer ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.8

Most of the research in the area of wireless communications exclusively relies on simulations. Further, it is essential that the mobility management strategies and routing protocols should be validated under realistic conditions. Most appropriate mobility models play a pivotal role to determine, whether there is any subtle error or flaw in a proposed model. Simulators are the standard tool to evaluate the performance of mobility models however sometimes they suffer from numerous documented problems. To accomplish the widely acknowledged lack of formalization in this domain, a Coloured Petri nets (CPNs) based random direction mobility model for specification, analysis and validation is presented in this paper for wireless communications. The proposed model does not suffer from any border effect or speed decay issues. It is important to mention that capturing the mobility patterns through CPN is challenging task in this type of the research. Further, an appropriate formalism of CPNs supported to analyze the future system dynamic status. Finally the formal model is evaluated with the state space analysis to show how predefined behavioral properties can be applied. In addition, proposed model is evaluated based on generated simulations to track origins of errors during debugging.

Designing sustainable personal mobility station based on an advertising business model

Pilbin Kwon(권필빈),Changsu Kim(김창수),Gyeongwon Lee(이경원),Soo In Cho(조수인),Da Young Ju(주다영) 대한인간공학회 2021 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Objective: In this study, we propose a station service that guarantees personal mobility (Last Mile Mobility : LMM) users’ sustainable safety and operation of the station by applying an advertising revenue model to the LMM station. The new concept of the station we proposed is called “Lastaion” meaning Last Mile Station. Background: After the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for public transportation is declining and users of LMM have increased. The problems due to LMM continue to occur as the users of LMM increases. From the result of big data analysis in social media, the inconvenience of pedestrians and vehicle drivers due to the chaotic parking of LMM and safety problems caused by LMM users not wearing helmets were emerging as the most essential issues. To solve this problem, major cities around the world are developing LMM stations. In addition, we propose a sustainable LMM station service based on an advertising revenue model to support active usage of future mobility and suggest users use the station continuously. Method: Literature study and big data analysis on trend were conducted to derive current LMM, existing LMM station, and user safety issues. Next, SWOT analysis, SWOT mixed matrix, and STP analysis were performed to propose an advertising revenue model to secure the sustainability of the station. Finally, 3D modeling and 2D rendering were conducted to propose the design of the LMM station, helmet, and application design of the LMM station. Results: Through big data-based analysis, safety problems of LMM, users, and problems of existing LMM stations were derived. First, the LMM parking problem was derived due to the lack of motivation to park in a specific place. Second, due to not wearing helmets brings safety issues to the users. Users avoid wearing helmets because of its uncomfortable fit, weight, volume, and uncleanliness. Third, the problem of existing LMM stations was derived that they could not continue to operate because they did not have their profit model. Fourth, the advertising revenue model is proposed by analyzing various tools. Additionally, the advertising business model of the bus stop, an advertising revenue model that generates profits and enables continuous operation were referenced to structure the business model. Fifth, through the scenario setting and use case analysis, we proposed a station design that is movable compact module suitable for parking lot size. Finally, provide a disposable paper helmet for free of charge by posting advertisements can continue to provide to users a helmet with no charge. Additionally, by providing a station application to users, that will bring users to have a comfortable and convenient user experience. Conclusion: The proposed LMM station service is an advertising-based unique revenue model utilization station. This is the basis for implementing additional services such as providing rewards when returning LMM. Free disposable paper helmets with advertisements encourage users to wear helmets to ensure user safety. Additionally, the user is provided with station information and rescue request service in case of an emergency through the application. Ultimately, Lastation is a sustainable LMM station with serving various functions that secured the safety of mobility user. Application: This study is meaningful in that it can establish a safe future mobility environment and secure user safety by proposing a sustainable LMM station service applying an advertising revenue model.

DIGITAL READINESS INFLUENCE ON MOBILE ADVERTISING ACCEPTANCE AMONG YOUNG MILLENNIALS

Reza Ashari Nasution,Dwine Fatimah Azzahra,Devi Arnita 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Purpose – Research on technology acceptance involves one's psychological aspect, known as technology readiness. Particularly in the digital acceptance context related to mobile advertising, this psychological condition is referred to digital readiness. Nasution, Rusnandi, Qodariah and Arnita (2018) argue that digital readiness is a prominent factor in the adoption of technology and digital applications. They have proven the importance of this digital readiness in their research on digital mastery level in a telecommunication company in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of digital readiness on the acceptance toward mobile advertising among millennials in Bandung, Indonesia. Relevant theories – Mobile advertising is part of digital advertising, as stated by Nasution & Aghniadi (2016), they define mobile advertising as a form of digital advertising that has attentions on engaging a strong communication to audience. This type of advertising adoption is still continuously growing and becoming preferable form of advertising for the Millenials. Researchers developed a model that links the influence of digital readiness to mobile advertising acceptance. In addition to these relationships, the research model they developed from the Technology Acceptance Model also included the influence of perceived usefulness and perceived risk to mobile ads acceptance. Design/methodology/approach – The research model is developed from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with a specific attention to assessing whether digital readiness influences the respondents’ perception of usefulness and risk of mobile advertising. The research performs quantitative approach using survey that is formed based on previous literature and conceptual model. Structural equations modelling (SEM) is also conducted to test the constructed model and the proposed hypotheses. Byme (2010) states the significance of the estimated coefficients for the hypothesis relationships which indicate whether the relationship between constructs held true or not. This research will then compare between three models that are differed by range of respondents’ ages. First model will be combined age that is 17-24 years old, second model is 17-20 years old and third model is 21-24 years old. Findings – The results show that digital readiness has a significant influence towards mobile advertising acceptance among Millennials, in which action readiness is more considered than attitudinal readiness in terms of further assessing mobile advertising. In addition, the study also illustrates Millennials’ perception of usefulness and risk of receiving mobile advertising. Younger group (17 – 20 years old) will not be affected much by usefulness of mobile advertising rather than the older group who will consider much about usefulness on accepting mobile advertising. The group also will take risk along with their ability to accept mobile advertising. It contradicts with the older group (21 – 24 years old) who see risk as hindrance in accepting mobile advertising. Research limitations/implications – The area coverage of respondents only included several cities across Java and does not concern about the place of origin of respondents. Besides, this research also possesses an age limit for its respondents that range from 17 to 24 years old to limit the diversity of attitudes, beliefs and perceptions. Originality/value – This study focuses on the concept of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in which the digital readiness is applied in the context that has not been conducted in Indonesia. Researchers conducted an empirical study on the effect of digital readiness on mobile advertising that is part of digital technology. The results of this research provide opportunities for digital readiness applications in research on the adoption of other digital technologies. Paper type - Applied research

공유형 개인이동장치 불법 주차 영향요인 분석

김지원,오흥운 한국도로학회 2023 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.25 No.6

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze factors affecting improper parking behaviors in a perspective of personal mobility users. Detailed purposes are as follows. Firstly, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Secondly, structural equation model were constructed. Hypothesis for the structural equation model were established. Then model’s goodness of fit was analyzed and following the result model was modified. Lastly, factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior was found out. METHODS : Based on the literature review, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Correlation between latent variables and their observed variables was defined to build structural equation model. According to the model hypothesis was established. In order to collect data, survey was conducted on personal mobility users. Model’s goodness fit was verified and the model was modified. Lastly in order to find out the factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior path analysis was conducted. RESULTS : Based on literature review, based on 6 of latent variables the structural equation model was made. Survey was conducted on 341 participants who has used personal mobility at least once based on Likert 5-point scale. Out of 341 responses 22 responses considered as careless responses were removed. As a result of analysis of structural equation model, it turned out that ‘ease of transfer’ had a positive effect on improper parking of personal mobility meanwhile ‘convenience’ and ‘road condition’ had a negative effect. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the proximity and accessibility to the transfer facility could be important when installing personal mobility parking lot as improper parking behavior of personal mobility users could be affected by ease of transfer to other traffic mode. Also, interval of parking lots, location and its road condition should be considered in order to make it convenient for users to find parking lot and to encourage them to use it more often.

MANET 환경에서 에너지 효율적인 Stochastic 노드 이동 모델

윤대열(Yun Dai-Yeol),윤창표(Chang-Pyo Yoon),황치곤(Chi Gon Hwang) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

모바일 애드혹 네트워크(Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork, MANET)는 고정 네트워크에 종속되지 않은 이동 노드들로 이루어지고, 자체 네트워크를 형성할 수 있는 특징을 가져서 많은 분야에 활용되고 있다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에 적용되는 이동 모델은 활용 목적에 따라 다양하게 적용할 수 있다. 랜덤 이동 모델은 간편하고 구현하기가 쉽다는 장점이 있어서 가장 많이 활용되고 있다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서 개별 노드들은 독립적으로 이동한다고 가정한다, 랜덤 이동 모델은 이러한 독립성을 표현하기에는 좋은 모델이다. 그러나, 개별 노드들의 무작위 속성으로 전체 노드 특성을 표현하기에는 부족하다. 본 논문은 MANET에서 적용 가능한 확률적 이동 모델을 제한한다. 제안 확률 이동 모델과 랜덤 이동 모델과 비교한다. 제안 이동 모델을 라우팅 프로토콜에 적용하여 에너지 소비 효율 측면에서 향상된 특성을 보임을 확인한다. MANETs(Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) are composed of mobile nodes that are not subordinate to fixed networks and have the feature that can form their own networks. they are used in various fields for specific goals. The mobility model in MANET can be applied in various ways depending on the purpose of usage. The random mobility model has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement, so it is being used the most. In a MANET, it is assumed that each node moves independently. The random movement model is a good model for expressing this independence of each node. However, it is insufficient to express the characteristics of all nodes with only random properties of individual nodes. This paper limits the stochastic mobility model applicable in MANET. we compare the proposed stochastic mobility model and the random mobility model. We confirm that the proposed mobility model is applied to the routing protocol to show improved characteristics in terms of energy consumption efficiency.

내장형 시스템을 위한 사용자 인터페이스 모델 기반 모바일 웹앱 자동 생성 도구

최기봉(Kibong Choi),김세화(Saehwa Kim) 한국정보과학회 2017 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문에서는 사용자 인터페이스(UI) 모델로부터 모바일 웹앱을 자동으로 생성하는 도구를 제시한다. UI 모델은 UI 중심적인 내장형 시스템을 UI 모델링을 통해 효율적으로 개발하기 위한 방법인 PELUM(Pattern and Event based Logical UI Modeling)을 기반으로 한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 도구는 모델 편집기와 코드 생성기로 이루어져 있다. 모델 편집기는 웹 상에서 논리적 UI 모델(LUM)과 프로그래밍 인터페이스 모델(PIM)을 모델링하는 환경을 제공한다. 코드 생성기는 LUM을 기반으로 앱의 화면구성 및 이벤트 동작을 설정하고 PIM을 기반으로 로컬 데이터베이스 스키마를 자동으로 구성하여 모바일 웹앱을 생성한다. 또한 PIM에서 외부 혹은 open API 주소를 입력 받아 매쉬업 웹앱을 생성하는 기능도 제공한다. 생성된 모바일 웹앱은 사용자가 손쉽게 최적화할 수 있도록 Model-View-Controller(MVC) 아키텍처로 구현하였다. 이를 통해 사용자는 웹 상에서 UI를 모델링하여 여러 기기에서 동작 가능한 모바일 웹앱을 생성할 수 있다. This paper presents a tool that automatically generates mobile web applications from user interface (UI) models which are based on PELUM (Pattern and Event based Logical User Interface Modeling). PELUM is a method for the effective development of UI-centered embedded systems via UI modeling. The proposed tool consists of a model editor and a code generator. The former provides an environment for modeling a Logical UI Model (LUM) and a Programming Interface Model (PIM) on the web. On the other hand, the code generator sets the screen configuration and events’ behavior, according to the LUM, synthesizing a local database schema according to the PIM, and then generates an executable mobile web app. It also can produce mashup web apps by receiving an open API address via the PIM. The generated mobile web apps follow the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture in order for users to easily customize them. The proposed tool enables them to generate mobile web apps that can be executed on various devices by modeling logical UIs on the web.

모델 변환 기법을 활용한 윈도우즈 모바일 어플리케이션 개발

김우열(WooYeol Kim),손현승(HyunSeung Son),김재승(JaeSeung Kim),김영철(YoungChul Kim) 한국정보과학회 2010 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.16 No.11

기존의 스마트폰용 소프트웨어 개발은 플랫폼에 종속적으로 만들어 지기 때문에 플랫폼별로 개발해야한다. 애플은 코코아플랫폼, 구글은 안드로이드, 마이크로소프트는 윈도우 모바일 등 각 벤더마다 고유의 플랫폼으로 개발한다. 본 논문에서는 한 번의 개발을 통해 이종의 소프트웨어 개발할 수 있도록 모델변환기법을 적용한다. 이 방법은 독립 모델과 종속 모델을 분리하고 이 둘의 차이를 변환언어를 통해 자동 변환하는 기법이다. 모델 변환 기법 수행을 위해서는 모델, 메타모델, 모델변환언어가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 스마트폰에 적용하기 위해서 모델은 UML, 메타모델은 UML 메타모델, 모델변환언어는 ATL을 사용하였다. 적용사례로 윈도우 모바일 플랫폼환경에서 모델변환을 이용하여 개발하는 방법을 보여준다. 본 논문의 플랫폼 독립모델을 사용하고 모델 변환 규칙을 재정의 하면 아이폰, 안드로이드 등의 이종의 플랫폼으로 변환이 가능하다. The existing smart-phone software is dependent on the platform, which should be developed per each different platform. Each vendor will develop its own platform such as Apple's Cocoa platform, Google Android, Microsoft Windows Mobile, etc. In this paper, we apply model transformation technique for developing heterogenous software at a time in heterogenous smart phone area. This approach separates the independent model and dependent model. and automatically transforms the difference between them with model transformation language. To execute model transformation, it is required with meta model, model transformation language. In this paper, we are applied to smart-phones as follows: model will be UMLmodel, metamodel be UML metamodel, and choose ATL as Model transformation language. We show examples of the Windows Mobile platform environment to be developed using model transformation. As a result, if we use platform-independent model in this paper and redefine model transformation rules for the iPhone or Android, it will be automatically transformed into heterogenous platforms.

Analytical Approach of New Random-walk Based Mobility Management Scheme in IP-based Mobile Networks

Myungseok Song,Jongpil Jeong,Jun-Dong Cho 국제문화기술진흥원 2014 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.2 No.1

In next-generation wireless networks, provisioning of IP-based network architecture and seamless transmission services are very important issues for mobile nodes. For this reason, a mobility management mechanism to support global roaming is highly regarded. These technologies bring a broader life by using a global roaming account through the connection of multiple devices or technology to mobile users; they also provide real-time multimedia services. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of fast handover for hierarchical mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6), hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) using the fluid-flow model and random-walk model. As a result, the location update cost of the PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6 is better than that of HMIPv6 and F-HMIPv6. These results suggest that the network-based mobility management technology is superior to the hierarchical mobility management technology in the mobility environment.