운동 강도에 따른 장기간 저항성 운동이 중년여성들의 과산화지질(MDA)과 항산화효소(SOD)에 미치는 영향

박일봉 ( Il Bong Park ),강성훈 ( Sung Hwun Kang ),여남회 ( Nam Heow Yeo ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 체육과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 운동 강도에 따른 장기간 저항성 운동이 중년여성들의 MDA(지질 과산화물) 및 SOD(항산화효소)에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 데 있다. 실험대상자는 중년여성으로서 저항성 운동그룹(N=8, age=46.23±3.89yrs.)과 대조군(N=8, year=45.86±4.67)으로 나누어 연구하였다. 저항성 운동프로그램은 16주간 4주씩 Stage 1-4, 4개의 단계로 각 단계 간 1RM을 측정하여 강도는 60-80%로 점진적 과부하의 원칙으로 단계별로 나누어 구성하였으며, 운동은 주 3회 1일 60분간 실시하였다. 또한 MDA 및 SOD는 운동전, 중(8주후), 후(16주후)로 나누어 측정하였다. 그 결과 MDA는 운동군에서 8주후 유의(p<0.05)하게 감소하였고, 8주후부터 16주까지는 증가는 있었지만 유의차는 없었다. 그리고 두 그룹 간 측정시기별 상호작용효과는 유의(p<0.05)한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SOD는 운동군에서 16주후에 유의(p<0.05)하게 증가되었고, 반면 대조군에서는 16주후, 유의(p<0.05)하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 두 그룹 간 측정시기별 상호작용효과는 유의(p<0.01)한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 종합하면, 16주간 점진적 운동 강도에 따른 저항성 운동이 중년여성들에게 있어 MDA를 감소시키고, SOD를 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 운동 강도에 따라 MDA는 운동군에서 1RM의 60-70%일 때는 유의하게 감소하였지만, 강도(1RM의 70-80%)가 올라갈수록 서서히 증가되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 반면 SOD는 강도가 증가하더라도 긍정적인 결과를 나타냈다. 이상과 같이 장기간 운동 강도에 따른 저항성 운동은 중년여성들에게 있어 MDA를 감소시키고, SOD를 증가시켜 활성산소에 대한 산화적응 및 방어기전을 높이는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of long-term resistance exercise according to exercise intensity of middle-aged women on MDA and SOD. The object of the study was middle aged women, which was divided into exercise group(N=8, year=46.23±3.89) and control group(N=8, year=45.86±4.67). Resistance exercise program consisted of Stage 1-4, 4 stages taking 16 weeks, each 4 weeks measuring 1RM in each stage with 60-80% of intensity according to gradual overload principle, and the exercise was made 3 times a week for 60 minuets a day. And MDA and SOD was measured before exercise, in exercise and after exercise. As the result, MDA was decreased significantly in exercise group after 8 weeks and between 8 weeks and 16 weeks, there was any increase, but no significant difference. In control group, there was no change and interaction effect by measurement period among two groups showed significant difference. And SOD increased significantly in excise group after 16 weeks, on the contrary in control group, it decreased significantly after 16 weeks. And interaction effect by measurement period among two groups showed significant difference. As the result of this study, resistance exercise according to exercise intensity for 16 weeks for middle aged women decreased MDA and increased SOD. Especially, it was found that MDA decreased significantly at 60-70% of 1RM in exercise group, but as intensity goes up, it increased gradually. On the contrary, SOD showed positive result though intensity increased. In conclusion, it was showed that resistance exercise according to exercise intensity of long period for middle aged women had effect on raising oxidation adaptation and defence capacity about free radical by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD.

Factors Affecting the Minimum Detectable Activity of Radioactive Noble Gases

Ji-young Park,Young Gun Ko,Hyuncheol Kim,Jong-Myoung Lim,Wanno Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.3

핵분열로 인해 생성되는 방사성 노블가스는 주변국의 핵활동을 감시할 수 있는 중요한 지표 핵종이다. 특히 제논은 생성량이 많고 반감기가 짧아 핵실험 탐지에 적합하며 크립톤은 핵연료 재처리 탐지의 추적자로 활용되고 있다. 방출된 방사성 노블가스는 막대한 대기에 희석되어 농도가 감소하고 일부는 시간에 따라 방사능이 감쇠하기 때문에 대기 중에는 매우 극미량으로 존재하게 된다. 따라서 측정을 통해 의미 있는 데이터를 얻기 위해서는 가능한 낮은 수준의 MDA를 설정하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 방사성 제논과 크립톤을 동시 포집 할 수 있는 장비인 BfS-IAR시스템을 활용하여 이론을 통해 MDA 를 산출하였다. 또한 MDA 산출방식의 변화, 신뢰수준의 정도는 물론 계측 조건의 변화에 따른 영향을 확인하고 MDA를 저감하기 위한 방안들을 모색하였다. 그 결과 배경농도가 극미량인 제논의 경우 전처리과정의 효율화와 안정적인 계측 성능 유지가 가장 중요한 요소로 판단되었으며, 크립톤의 경우 제논과 달리 시료의 방사능이 높기 때문에 MDA 재설정을 통한 분석조건이나 시스템 최적화를 통해 효율적인 분석을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Anthropogenic radioactive noble gases formed by nuclear fission are significant indicators used to monitor the nuclear activity of neighboring countries. In particular, radioactive xenon, owing to its abundant generation and short half-life, can be used to detect nuclear testing, and radioactive krypton has been used as a tracer to monitor the reprocessing of nuclear fuels. Released radioactive noble gases are in the atmosphere at infinitesimal amounts due to their dilution in the air and their short half-life decay. Therefore, to obtain reliable and significant data when performing measurement of noble gases in the atmosphere, the minimum detectable activity (MDA) for noble gases should be defined as low as possible. In this study, the MDA values for radioactive xenon and krypton were theoretically obtained based on the BfS-IAR system by collecting both noble gases simultaneously. In addition, various MDA methods, confidence level and analysis conditions were suggested to reduce and optimize MDA with an assessment of the factors affecting MDA. The current investigation indicated that maximizing the pretreatment efficiency and performance maintenance of the counter were the most important aspects for Xe. In the case of Kr, since sample activities are much higher than those of Xe, it is possible to change the target MDA or to simplification of the analysis system.

Impact of RGD Peptide Tethering to IL24/mda-7 (Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene-7) on Apoptosis Induction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Bina, Samaneh,Shenavar, Fatemeh,Khodadad, Mahboobeh,Haghshenas, Mohammad Reza,Mortazavi, Mojtaba,Fattahi, Mohammad-Reza,Erfani, Nasrollah,Hosseini, Seyed Younes Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7)/interleukin-24 (IL-24), a unique tumor suppressor gene, has killing activity in a broad spectrum of cancer cells. Herein, plasmids producing mda-7 proteins fused to different RGD peptides (full RGD4C and shortened RGD, tRGD) were evaluated for apoptosis induction with a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep-G2. The study aim was to improve the apoptosis potency of mda-7 by tethering to RGD peptides. Materials and Methods: Three plasmids including mda-7, mda-7-RGD and mda-7-tRGD genes beside a control vector were transfected into Hep-G2 cells. After 72 hours incubation, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, the rate of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using PI/annexin staining. To detect early events in apoptosis, 18 hours after transfection, expression of the BAX gene was quantified by real time PCR. Modeling of proteins was also performed to extrapolate possible consequences of RGD modification on their structures and subsequent attachment to receptors. Results and Conclusions: In MTT assays, while all mda-7 forms showed measurable inhibition of proliferation, unmodified mda-7 protein exhibited most significant effect compared to control plasmid (P<0.001). Again, flow cytometry analysis showed a significant apoptosis induction by simple mda-7 gene but not for those RGD-fused mda-7 proteins. These findings were also supported by expression analysis of BAX gene (P<0.001). Protein modelling analysis revealed that tethering RGD at the end of IL-24/Mda7 disrupt attachment to cognate receptor, IL-20R1/IL-20R2. In conclusion, fusion of RGD4C and shortened RGD peptides to carboxyl terminal of mda7, not only reduce apoptosis property in vitro but also disrupt receptor attachment as demonstrated by protein modelling.

한국잔디 유전자원의 내마모성 지표로서 MDA함량과 형태적 특성과의 상관분석

배은지(Eun-Ji Bae),조현민(Hyun-Min Cho),윤준혁(Jun-Hyuck Yoon),진언주(Eon-ju Jin),이긍주(Geung-Joo Lee) 한국잡초학회 2021 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.10 No.4

본 연구는 한국잔디 수집 유전자원의 답압 처리에 따른 지상부 마모 스트레스 정도를 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 지표를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 그 중 스트레스 환경에서 지질막 구성물질의 높은 산화 정도를 정량적으로 나타낼 수 있는 MDA (malondialdehyde) 함량과 잔디 지상부 형태적 특징과의 상관관계를 분석하여 통계학적으로 유의성이 높은 지표들을 조사하였다. 전국에서 수집된 한국잔디류(Zoysia spp.) 242개체 중 높은 피복률을 보이는 적응력이 우수한 144개체를 선발하여 형태적 특징을 조사하였고, 해당 유전자원들을 답압 처리 후 마모스트레스를 주어 MDA 함량을 측정하였다. 식물체가 환경적 스트레스에 노출 시 유발되는 생리적 산화 반응물인 MDA의 축적 정도가 유전자원간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 이용한 MDA 함량의 통계적 차이로 서로 독립된 세 개 집단(L, M, 그리고 H)으로 분류할 수 있었다. 상관성 분석 결과, 마모 스트레스 후에도 생체 내 산화 반응 정도가 낮아 스트레스로 인한 피해 수준이 적을 것으로 보이는 낮은 MDA 함량 그룹(L)에서 포복경 마디지름이 두껍고, 엽폭이 넓고, 엽장이 길고, 초장과 최하위 잎 높이가 높으며, 잎각도가 좁게 발달하는 형태적 특징을 갖는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 잎각도를 제외한 나머지 5개 형태적 특성은 MDA 함량 수준과 매우 밀접한(P<0.001) 연관이 있는 것으로 조사되었지만, 다른 연구에서와 같이 실제 내마모성 기작과 높은 관련성이 있는 줄기밀도, 신초의 탄력성, 리그린 및 리그노셀룰로오스 함량, 잎의 K 함량 등도 추가적으로 조사되어 종합적으로 분석된다면 MDA 함량 측정으로 내마모성을 어느 정도 예측할 수 있을지 판단하는데 도움이 될 것으로 여겨진다. This study was conducted to find out indicators to quantitatively evaluate the degree of wear stress on aerial shoots after traffic stress on zoysiagrass collections in South Korea to be used in the school playground. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) which may indicate the oxidation degree of cell membrane under stress was correlated with morphological characteristics of zoysiagrass shoots. A wear simulation roll made of aluminum cylinder at 40 kg weight and 1.1 m width with circular studded projections was used to apply artificial traffic stress of pressure and wear for 144 zoysiagrass accessions that had 70% or more of ground coverage. The equipment was driven by the motor at a steady speed rate to reciprocate in the designated potted turfgrass trays in the greenhouse. For morphological characteristics, plant height, leaf length, lowest leaf height, leaf width, leaf angle, stolon length, internode length and diameter of stolon, and stolon node number were investigated. It appeared that there was a statistically significant difference among zoysiagrass accessions in the MDA content, with grouping into 3 categories. From the correlation analysis, the low MDA content group (L) where shoot damage is expected to be relatively weak due to the low degree of stressful oxidation in vivo even after the traffic stress showed thicker node diameter, wider leaf width, longer leaf length, higher plant height and lowest leaf, and narrower leaf angle. Although significantly correlated with those morphological measurements, it was thought that the MDA content alone had a limit to be used as a wear tolerance index.

한국적 해양정보체계(K-MDA) 구축을 위한 시론적 연구 - 일본 MDA 분석을 통한 시사점 도출을 중심으로 -

허경준 ( Heo Kyoungjun ),윤성현 ( Yoon Sunghyun ),이정욱 ( Lee Jungwook ) 한국경찰학회 2021 한국경찰학회보 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 한국과 해양에서의 이해관계가 첨예한 일본의 해양정보체계를 분석하여 한국 해양정보체계에 대한 시사점 도출을 목적으로 한다. 일본 해양정보체계는 MDA를 근간으로 하고 있다. MDA (Maritime Domain Awareness)란 유무인 첨단 감시자산을 활용하여 해양에서 발생하는 모든 정보를 탐지하고 이를 집약ㆍ분석하여 국가정책 전반에 활용함은 물론 나아가 그 정보를 국제협력에 활용하는 국가전략을 의미한다. 일본은 지난 2019년 ‘우미시루(海しる / 바다를 알다)’라 불리는 해양상황표시시스템을 통해 MDA 체계를 완성하였다. 반면 한국은 아직 MDA에 대한 개념조차 생소한 실정으로 한ㆍ일 양국의 해양정보력은 현격한 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 차이는 해양영유권 분쟁(예 : 독도 영유권, 배타적 경제수역 경계획정, 한ㆍ일 어업협정 등), 북한 미사일 발사 문제와 주로 해양을 통해 표출되는 미ㆍ중 갈등 양상 등 외교 안보적 현안은 물론 경제ㆍ산업ㆍ환경 등 국가정책 전반에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 우려된다. 따라서 현시점에서 일본의 해양정보 활동이 국가정보 네트워크로 연결되는 과정과 그 결과물인 MDA 체계를 체계적으로 분석하여 그 시사점을 도출함으로써 한국의 해양정보체계의 발전 방향을 모색하는 것은 매우 유의미한 연구가 될 것이다. The study aims to derive implications for maritime information system in Korea by analyzing maritime information system in Japan that has conflicting interests with Korea at sea. The maritime information system in Japan is based on Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). The MDA refers to national strategies to be applied for overall national policies as well as international cooperation by utilizing advanced manned and unmanned monitoring assets and detecting all the information collected at sea for information integration and analysis. On the other hand, even the concept of the MDA has not yet been fully understood in Korea, which is in stark contrast to Japan in terms of maritime information capabilities. This gap will inevitably affect not only diplomatic and security issues including maritime territorial disputes between Korea and Japan, North Korean missile launches and the tensions between the U.S. and China mainly displayed at sea, but other national challenges related to economy, businesses, and environment. Therefore, it is significant to shed light on the future directions of the maritime information system in Korea by analyzing the process of integrating Japan’s maritime information into its national information network for the MDA and drawing its implications.

지표면 침적 방사성핵종에 대한 NaI(Tl), LaBr3(Ce) 및 CeBr3 검출기의 MDA 비교 평가

이준호,김봉기,이동명,변종인 한국방사성폐기물학회 2019 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구에서는 원자력 사고 또는 방사선 비상 시 지표면에 침적될 수 있는 감마선방출 핵종의 방사능을 신속하게 평가하기위해 이용될 수 있는 NaI(Tl), LaBr3(Ce) 및 CeBr3 섬광검출기의 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 검출성능은 최소검출가능방사능(MDA, Minimum Detectable Activity)을 통해 평가하였으며, 각 검출기의 지표면 침적 감마선방출 핵종에 대한 검출효율은수학적 모델링과 점선원을 이용하여 반실험적으로 산출하였다. MDA 평가를 위한 백그라운드 감마선에너지스펙트럼은 비교적 넓고 평탄한 초지에서 측정되었으며, 원자력 사고 시 방출될 수 있는 주요 핵종에 대한 각 검출기의 MDA를 산출하였다. 그 결과 일반 환경방사능 준위에서 지표면 침적 감마핵종에 대한 각 검출기의 MDA 크기는 대체로“NaI(Tl)> LaBr3(Ce)> CeBr3”로 평가되었으며, 백그라운드 준위가 유사한 에너지 영역에서는 분해능이 가장 우수한 LaBr3(Ce)에서 최소 값을 보였다. 이는 관심 핵종의 감마선에너지 영역에 대한 각 검출기의 자체 및 측정 환경 백그라운드, 측정 효율, 그리고 에너지 분해능 특성을 바탕으로 비교 분석되었다. The detection performances of the NaI(Tl), LaBr3(Ce) and CeBr3 scintillation detectors, which can be used to rapidly evaluate the major artificial radionuclides deposited on the soil surface in a nuclear accident or radiological emergency, were compared. Detection performance was assessed by calculating the minimum detectable activity (MDA). The detection efficiency of each detector for artificial radionuclides was semi-empirically determined using mathematical modelling and point-like sources having certified radioactivity. The background gamma-ray energy spectrum for MDA evaluation was obtained from relatively wide and flat grassland, and the MDA values of each detector for the major artificial radionuclides that could be released in nuclear accidents were calculated. As a result, the relative MDA values of each detector regarding surface deposition distribution at normal environmental radiation level were evaluated as high in the order of the NaI(Tl), LaBr3(Ce), and CeBr3 detectors. These results were compared based on each detector’s intrinsic and measurement environment background, detection efficiency, and energy resolution for the gamma-ray energy region of the radionuclide of interest.

Inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation by cytosolic RNA sensor MDA5

( Changhyeon Kim ),( Dongkyun Hong ),( Mira Choi ),( Yullye Hwang ),( Jaekyung Lee ),( Young Lee ),( Youngjoon Seo ),( Changdeok Kim ),( Jeunghoon Lee ),( Sooil Kim ),( Youngho Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The etiology of psoriasis is not fully understood, but the genetic background is considered to be the most important factor. To date, many psoriasis-related genes have been discovered, but the role of many important genes has not been well understood. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to uncover possible roles of MDA5 in psoriasis. Methods: Expression of MDA5 was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Then, MDA5 was overexpressed in keratinocytes using a recombinant adenovirus. Results: As a result of immunohistochemical staining, the expression of MDA5 was significantly increased in the epidermis of psoriasis compared to normal skin. Similarly, the expression of MDA5 was increased in imiquimodinduced psoriasiform dermatitis model. In cultured keratinocytes, TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) induced expression of MDA5 at both mRNA and protein levels. When MDA5 was overexpressed using a recombinant adenovirus, poly(I:C)- induced cytokine expression was significantly increased. Finally, MDA5 overexpression significantly inhibited calcium-induced differentiation of keratinocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that MDA5 increases in psoriasis and negatively regulates keratinocyte differentiation.

Potential Role of Cytosolic RNA Sensor MDA5 as an Inhibitor for Keratinocyte Differentiation in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

( Dong-kyun Hong ),( Mi-ra Choi ),( Yul-lye Hwang ),( Jae Kyung Lee ),( Young Lee ),( Young-joon Seo ),( Sooil Kim ),( Young-ho Lee ),( Chang-deok Kim ),( Jeung-hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 Annals of Dermatology Vol.33 No.4

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The etiology of psoriasis is not fully understood, but the genetic background is considered to be the most important factor. To date, many psoriasis-related genes have been discovered, but the role of many important genes has not been well understood. Objective: The purpose of this study is to uncover possible roles of MDA5 in psoriasis. Methods: Expression of MDA5 was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Then, MDA5 was overexpressed in keratinocytes using a recombinant adenovirus. Results: As a result of immunohistochemical staining, the expression of MDA5 was significantly increased in the epidermis of psoriasis compared to normal skin. Similarly, the expression of MDA5 was increased in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis model. In cultured keratinocytes, toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C) induced expression of MDA5 at both mRNA and protein levels. When MDA5 was overexpressed using a recombinant adenovirus, poly(I:C)-induced cytokine expression was significantly increased. Finally, MDA5 overexpression significantly inhibited calcium-induced differentiation of keratinocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that MDA5 increases in psoriasis and negatively regulates keratinocyte differentiation. (Ann Dermatol 33(4) 339∼344, 2021)

30대 직장여성의 편백정유 림프드레니쥐가 정신 건강에 미치는 영향

송정희 한국화장품미용학회 2019 한국화장품미용학회지 Vol.9 No.3

This study examines the influence of chamaecyparis obtusa oil and manual lymph drainage (MLD) on mental health in 30´s carrier women. 11 subjects were assigned to the chamaecyparis obtusa oil lymphatic drainage (CLG) group, 11 subjects to the lymphatic drainage group (LG), and 12 subjects to the control group (CG), Over 8 weeks, the participants were given 16 sessions of MLD, twice a week, targeting the neck, abdomen, and lower extremity. The following items were measured: edema index, serum cortisol, CRP, MDA were analyzed at 4 time points: before the sessions, after the sessions, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the sessions. The edema index decreased for the CLG and LG, as indicated by the post hoc test between groups and treatment timings. cortisol levels dropped after treatment compared to pre-treatment. Post-hoc analysis of groups and treatment timings indicated that MDA was lower in the CLG and LG compared to the CG. There were no correlations between groups and treatment timings in terms of CRP. The above results indicate that MLD was effective for edema and MDA, which differed between groups. The participants were female working professionals in their 30s, who experience a wide variety of environmental, physical, and psychological changes, and this study applied therapy using chamaecyparis obtusa oil, known for its antioxidant properties, resulting in lower MDA levels and edema indices by activating lymph circulation. 본 연구는 30대 직장여성을 대상으로 편백정유와 림프드레니쥐가 정신 건강에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 대상은 수도권에 거주하는 직장여성 중 스트레스, 우울, 불안 설문지를 150부 배포하여 상위 30%에 해당하는 34명 중 편백정유 림프드레니쥐그룹(CLG) 11명, 림프드레니쥐그룹(LG) 11명, 대조그룹(CG) 12명을 선정하였다. 8주에 걸쳐 주 2회 40분간 총 16회에 걸쳐 목, 복부, 하지부위에 림프드레니쥐를 실시하였다. 측정항목은 부종지수, 혈중 cortisol, CRP, MDA는 직전, 직후, 4주 후, 8주 후 총 4회에 걸쳐서 분석하였다. 8주간의 림프드레니쥐 후 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인바디에 대한 결과 1) 부종지수는 집단과 처치시점 간 사후검증 결과 CLG와 LG의 경우 부종이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 혈액 지표의 변화 1) cortisol은 처치 전에 비해 처치 직후 상대적으로 낮아졌다. 2) CRP는 집단과 처치시점 간 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 3) MDA는 집단과 처치시점에 따른 사후검증을 실시한 결과 CG에 비해 CLG와 LG의 경우 상대적으로 MDA가 낮은 것으로 나타났고 사후검증 결과 처치 전에 비해 처치 직후, 처치 4주에 상대적으로 MDA가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 볼 때 부종과 MDA가 집단에 따른 프로그램의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 환경적 · 신체적 · 심리적 변화가 많은 30대 직장여성을 대상으로 항산화 효과가 알려진 편백정유를 적용한 테라피의 효과로 MDA 수치가 감소하고, 림프 순환 촉진으로 인하여 부종지수가 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 다만, 대상자들의 집단 간 사전 혈액지표의 동질성 검증이 이루어지지 않았고, 식습관, 생활습관, 신체활동의 수준에 대하여 통제가 이루어지지 않았으며, 연구 대상자가 소수의 인원으로 진행되어 편백정유와 림프드레니쥐의 효과를 일반화시키기에는 다소 무리가 있지만, 향후 30대 직장여성 뿐만 아니라 대상을 확대하고, 편백정유 농도 조절로 인한 항산화 효과와 림프드레니쥐의 테라피 간격, 테라피 적용 부위, 횟수, 테라피 대상자를 환자군과 어린이 등으로 다양하게 조절하여 정신건강 증진 효과, 통증과 부종완화에 미치는 영향에 관하여 과학적 증명을 위한 지속적인 연구가 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

Attenuated anti‑tumor activity of NK‑92 cells by invasive human breast carcinoma MDA‑MB‑231 cells

Hwan Hee Lee,Hyosun Cho 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Background Natural killer (NK) cells are typical innate lymphocytes that directly kill cancer cells. However, the anti-tumor function of NK cells can be modulated by various cancers in a tumor microenvironment. Objective We investigated whether the functional characteristics of NK cells are affected by coculture with human breast carcinoma MCF-7 or MDA-MB231 cells and further examined the underlying molecular mechanisms that are associated with attenuated anti-tumor activity of NK cells. NK-92 cells were cocultured with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells at a ratio of 1:2 (target:effector) for 6 h. The cytotoxic effect of NK-92 cells was measured using CytoTox96 assay. The frequency of CD56, NKp30+, NKp44+, NKG2D+, and NKG2A+ in NK-92 cells was investigated using individual fluorescent antibodies and flow cytometry. In addition, the production of cytokines was measured using Human Cytokine Array C1 kit. Proteins in cancer cell lysates were quantified and the expressions of PI3K, pAkt, Stat3, and pStat3 were examined by western blot analysis. Results The cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells is greater against MCF-7 than against MDA-MB-231 cells and cocultures with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells increased the frequency of CD56dim population in NK-92 cells as well as IFN-γ production. The frequency of the NKp30+ or NKG2D+ population in NK-92 cells was significantly decreased in coculture with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the frequency of NKG2A+ expression in NK-92 cells was significantly increased in coculture with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells. The secretions of IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and granulocyte– macrophage colony-stimulating factor were significantly higher in supernatant from coculture of NK-92 and MDA-MB-231 cells than in supernatants from NK-92 cell single culture or coculture of NK-92 and MCF-7 cells, which positively correlates with the enhanced expression of pStat3 in MDA-MB-231 cells cocultured with NK-92 cells. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the anti-tumor function of NK-92 cells is significantly suppressed by an invasive human breast carcinoma, MDA-MB-231, and the impairment of NK-92 cell function is associated with the upregulation of the IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway.