차량 발화에 의한 선박화재사고에 대한 소고

김득봉,김화영 한국해양경찰학회 2018 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.8 No.4

The fire accident of ‘M/V Auto Banner’ of May 2018 was the worst historic disaster of Incheon port. The fire from the car engine room was spreaded over the entire ship for the next 67 hours, despite the mobilization of 226 fire-fighting equipment, fire-fighters, and police officers. 1,460 cars were burned by the fire accident, and ‘M/V Auto banner’ went a procedure to make a scrapped vessel. In addition, about 300 international automobile trading companies are in crisis. In 2018, car fires were many years. By the end of July this year, It was estimated that there were 2,981 car fire accidents. This study was carried out for effective fire evolution and prevention, causes analysis of car fire, cases of similar accidents, an overview of fire accident of ‘M/V Auto banner.’ For the study, we used statistics of marine accidents, statistics of the fire department, judgment of Marine safety tribunal, safety management procedure of car carriers, and educational materials. The results of this study are as follows; The main cause of fire accidents in automobiles was electrical defects. For effective evolution, we proposed to rapid fire zone containment and an active use of fixed CO2 fire extinguishing systems must be priorities. We also proposed to connect fire hydrant to the manifold of fixed CO2 fire extinguishing system and use of shaped explosives. Finally, to prevent similar car-carrier fire, we proposed a method of connecting the rubber hose to the battery and a method of remaining a car hood half-open state. 2018년 5월 인천항에서 발생한 자동차운반선 오토배너호 화재사고는 인천항 개항 이후 최악의 사고로 꼽히고 있다. 자동차 엔진룸에서 시작된 화재는 소방장비 226대, 소방관 및 경찰 847명의 동원에도 불구하고 67시간이 지나서야 진화할 수 있었다. 이 사고로 자동차 1,460대가 전소되었고, 화재 선박은 폐선 절차에 들어갔다. 또한 자동차 수출·입 관련업체 300여 곳이 심각한 손해를 입었다. 2018년도는 다른 해에 비해 자동차 화재가 많은 해였다. 7월말까지 집계된 자동차 화재 건수는 2,981건에 이르고 있다. 본 연구는 오토배너호 화재사고를 계기로 자동차 화재의 원인과 효과적인 화재진화 및 예방 방안을 제안하기 위해 수행하였다. 이 연구를 위해 해양사고 통계자료, 소방청 통계자료, 해양안전심판원의 재결서, 자동차운반선 운용선사의 안전관리 절차서 및 교육자료 등을 활용하였다. 이 연구를 통해 자동차에 의한 선박화재사고는 주로 자동차의 전기적 결함에 의해 발생한다는 것을 밝혔다. 효과적인 진화를 위해 신속한 화재구역 밀폐와 적극적인 고정식CO2소화장치 사용과 자동차에 의한 선박화재는 선박 철판이 녹을 정도의 고열이 수반되므로 CO2 방출 후 지속적인 냉각작업이 필요함을 강조했다. 아울러 신속한 선박 내부 진입을 위해 성형폭약 사용과 자동차 선적 시에 배터리 분리와 자동차 후드를 반 개방 상태로 두는 방안을 제안했다.

Jet Fire를 수반한 국내외 LPG 기화기의 화재·폭발사고에 관한 확률론적 분석에 관한 연구

고재선 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구에서는 1995년부터 2008년까지 14년간 국내에서 발생한 5.100건의 가스사고사례를 수집하여 Database를 구축하였으며, 이를 근거로 세부형태 및 원인별로 분석하였다. Poisson 분석법을 적용하여 전체 도시가스사고를 분석한 결과,향후 5년 동안 “취급부주의-폭발-배관”의 항목의 사고발생확률이 가장 높았으며, “연결이완부식-누출-배관”의 경우는 가장 작은 발생 확률을 나타내었다. 또한 LPG 기화기 관련 사고만을 분석한 결과는 “LPG-기화기-화재”가 가장 높은 사고발생확률을 나타냈으며, “LPG-기화기-제품결함”이 가장 낮은 사고발생확률인 것으로 분석되었다. 아울러 Jet fire를 수반하는 외국의 LPG 사고를 비교 분석한 결과 국내의 경우와 마찬가지로 설비적 결함인 액유출장치 및 열교환기의 결함이 Jet fire를 일으키는 주요 원인으로 분석되었지만 향후 5년간 사고발생횟수는 “LPG-설비적결함-Jet fire” 항목이 가장많았고, “LPG-설비적결함-Vapor Cloud” 항목은 가장 사고발생확률이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 가스 사고 발생 예측프로그램에 Poisson 분포 이론을 접목함으로서 일관성 있는 기준제시 및 현장에서 실제적으로 사용할 수 있는 도구로사용되길 기대한다. This study collected 5,100 cases of gas accident occurred in Korea for 14 years from 1995 to 2008, established Database and based on it, analyzed them by detailed forms and reasons. As the result of analyzing the whole city gas accidents with Poisson analysis, the item of “Careless work-Explosion-Pipeline” showed the highest rate of accidents for the next 5 years. And, “Joint Losening and corrosion-Release-Pipeline” showed the lowest rate of accident. In addition, for the result of analyzing only accidents related to LPG vaporizer, “LPG-Vaporizer-Fire” showed the highest rate of accident and “LPG-Vaporizer-Products Faults” showed the lowest rate of accident. Also, as the result of comparing and analyzing foreign LPG accident accompanied by Jet fire, facility’s defect which is liquid outflow cut-off device and heat exchanger’s defect were analyzed as the main reason causing jet fire, like the case of Korea, but the number of accidents for the next 5 years was the highest in “LPG-Mechanical-Jet fire” and “LPG-Mechanical-Vapor Cloud” showed the highest rate of accidents. By grafting Poisson distribution theory onto gas accident expecting program of the future, it’s expected to suggest consistent standard and be used as the scale which can be used in actual field.

소방공무원 안전사고 방지방안에 관한 연구

조승현 한국자치행정학회 2016 한국자치행정학보 Vol.30 No.4

국민들의 안전에 대한 욕구가 나날이 증가함에 따라 소방서비스의 수준과 수요도 해마다 증가하고 있다. 이러한 흐름에 따라 각종 재해와 사고에 대처하는 중심에 놓여있는 소방공무원들의 안전사고 역시 그 종류가 다양해지고 발생 빈도도 상당히 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 소방서비스 수요의 증가와 더불어 증가 추세에 있는 소방공무원의 안전사고에 대한 연구는 미약한 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 최근 들어 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 소방공무원들의 안전사고의 실태를 분석하고 소방공무원들의 안전사고를 예방할 수 있는 방지방안을 찾는데 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 소방공무원 관련 안전사고에 대한 이론과 선행연구를 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 현재까지 발생하고 있는 소방공무원의 안전사고에 영향을 미치는 주요 국면을 조직, 장비, 교육의 측면으로 분류하여 분석하고, 각 국면에 따른 안전사고 방지방안을 찾아 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to analysis the reality of fire officials' negligent accident and find a way to prevent fire officials' negligent accident. As the need for safety of nation has been increased, the demands and levels of fire administration service has also been risen year after year. Following rising trend, the negligent accident of fire officials who always lie in the center of disaster and accident considerably has tendency of increase in types and frequency. But it is relatively inadequate that the study of fire officials' negligent accident which also has increasing tendency like the growth of demand of fire administration service. In this conditions, It would be very meaningful to precisely analysis fire officials' negligent accident and propose for the way of the prevention. This paper looks into existing theory and preceding research of negligent accident about fire officials. Based on this, this paper aims to analysis main aspects of fire officials' negligent accident by organization, equipment, education sides each and tries to suggest preventions of negligent accident according to each sides.

사례분석을 통한 건설현장 화재위험도 평가 체크리스트 개발

신재권 ( Shin Jae-kwon ),신윤석 ( Shin Yoon-seok ) 한국건축시공학회 2021 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.21 No.1

On the construction site, there exists frequently a high likelihood that a fire accident can lead to a large-scale disaster. In the previous studies, the diverse outcomes have been focused on the improvement of relative statutes and tried to realize the suppression and confrontation of the fire accidents. In this study, the limitations on the site were identified through prior research reviews, and the fire risk assessment checklist was proposed through the analysis of the massive accident cases. The checklist was divided into the prevention and minimization steps and developed into 16 categories of total risk factors. According to the results from the cases applied in this study, if the installation status is checked, such as removing combustibles, and broadcasting facilities for evacuation are installed, it is expected that the casualties will be minimized or zeroed. By developing a fire risk assessment checklist, this study provides the implications of the theoretical and realistic fire accident prevention, and supports the ways to minimize the damage resulted from the fire accidents on construction sites. In the further, deriving universe and common items about repeated occurrences of a work type will be needed as a subsequent research.

정전기 화재⋅폭발 위험성평가 및 사고조사에 필요한 발생원인 변수 도출

변정환,박현곤 한국안전학회 2024 한국안전학회지 Vol.39 No.2

- Static-electricity-induced fires and explosions persistently occur every year, averaging approximately 80 and 20 cases annually according to fire statistics provided by the National Fire Agency and industrial accident statistics provided by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, respectively. Despite the relatively low probabilities of these accidents, their potential risks are high. Consequently, effective risk assessment methodologies and accident investigation strategies are essential for efficiently managing static-electricity hazards in fire- and explosion-prone areas. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the causal variables essential for accident investigations, thereby facilitating risk assessments and the implementation of effective recurrence prevention measures to mitigate static-electricity hazards in fireand explosion-prone regions. To this end, industrial accident statistics recorded over the past decade (2012 to 2021) by the Ministry of Employment and Labor were analyzed to identify major fire and explosion incidents and related industrial accidents wherein static electricity was identified as a potential ignition source. Subsequently, relevant investigation reports (63 cases) were thoroughly analyzed. Based on the results of this analysis, existing electrostatic fire and explosion risk assessment techniques were refined and augmented. Moreover, factors essential for investigating electrostatic fire and explosion disasters were delineated, and the primary causal variables necessary for effective risk assessments and scientific investigations were derived.

유아 화재사고 예방을 위한 화재안전 교육프로그램 개발 방향 탐색

윤선화 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore appropriate fire safety education programs for young children by both examining the actual damage condition and problems associated with fire accident in young children and considering fire safety education programs in America and legal basis for fire safety education in Korea. The results are as follows. First, the mortality of young children by fire accident in Korea is higher than that of U.K, Germany, and Sweden. Second, it is defined by the Child Welfare Law in Korea to implement the mandatory fire safety education for young children in kindergarten and preschool programs. Third, in order to activate fire safety education programs for young children, the fire safety education needs to be suitable for children’s developmental characteristics,and various audiovisual materials and activity programs should be developed and provided. Fourth, fire safety education both for early childhood teachers and parents needs to be interrelated and systemized to reduce the risk of fire accident. 본 연구에서는 유아들의 화재로 인한 피해실태와 문제점을 살펴보고, 미국의 화재안전교육 프로그램과우리나라의 화재안전교육의 법적 근거를 고찰하여 유아 화재사고 예방을 위한 화재안전교육 프로그램의방향을 탐색하고자 한다. 연구결과로 첫째, 우리나라 아동의 화재 및 화상사고로 인한 사망률이 영국, 독일, 스웨덴에 비해 높았다. 둘째, 우리나라 유아화재안전교육은 아동복지법, 유치원교육과정, 표준보육과정에서 의무적으로 실시하도록 법으로 명시하고 있다. 셋째, 유아 화재 사고 예방을 위해 유아의 발달에 적합한 화재안전교육을 실시하여야 하며, 다양한 시청각 매체와 체험활동 프로그램을 제공해주어야 한다. 마지막으로 체계적인 유아 화재안전교육을 위해 교사 및 보호자를 대상으로 하는 화재안전교육이 병행되어야 한다.

아파트 화재 사례 전산모사를 통한 화재위험성 평가에 관한 연구

전흥균,최영상,추홍록 한국화재소방학회 2010 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.24 No.4

In this study, Fire Hazards were evaluated through computer simulation using FDS program for an apartment fire accident. The results of fire simulation showed that the maximum heat release rate in the case of no sprinklers activation was 7,700 kW which was about 16 times of that in the case of sprinklers activation, 497 kW and there was a very high fire hazard due to the backdraft phenomenon when the door of fire room was forced to open. Regarding the hazard time of fire room temperature and detection time of detectors, available evacuation time was 32.5 seconds of minimum to 53.5 seconds of maximum. In the case of sprinklers activation, fire hazard in the apartment was showed to be very low due to the fire control by the spray cooling of sprinklers. This study shows that what a important function for fire safety is the activations of fire sprinkler system and emergency alarm system and what a large loss can cause if these systems don’t activate in fire accidents. 본 연구에서는 FDS 프로그램을 사용하여 아파트 화재 사고에 대한 전산모사를 통하여 화재위험성을 평가하였다. 화재 전산모사 결과, 스프링클러 미 작동 시 최대 열방출율은 7,700kW로써 스프링클러 작동시 최대 열방출율 497kW의 약 16배이며, 화재실의 문 강제 개방 시 역화현상의 발생으로 화재위험은 매우 높게 나타났다. 화재실 온도의 위험도래시간과 감지기 작동 시간에 의한 재실자 피난 여유시간은 최소32.5초와 최대 53.5초이다. 스프링클러 작동 시에는 냉각에 의한 화재제어로 아파트 실내의 화재위험은 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 아파트 화재사고의 전산모사 결과를 통하여 소화설비 및 비상방송설비의 정상작동이 화재안전에 얼마나 중요한 역할을 하는지, 그리고 작동 불능 시 얼마나 큰 피해 손실을 초래하는지에 대하여 알 수 있었다.

소방공무원 근무환경에 대한 안전보건 의식 연구

이종호 ( Jong Ho Lee ),김요한 ( Yo Han Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2015 한국안전학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Fire fighter are exposed to the situations which are hard to predict due to continuous and accidental changes which hindertheir fire fighting activity. As these threats of safety accident act as fear factors, they are doing insecure fire fighting activities. Therefore, as unclear and abnormal risks of working environment such as the riskiness of expansion of disaster, instability, obstacles of activities, abnormality, urgency, etc. increase, safety accidents are caused. This study analyzes the actual condition of safety and health andawareness of fire fighter who are exposed safety accidents during their fire fighting activities and utilize such result as the basis data to secure safety of fire fighter, keep efficient safety control and prevent accidents. The results of analysis are as follows. As rescue works among all fire-fighting works shows the highest emotional stabilization and the highest post-traumatic stress disorder is shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is 10-15 years, reinforcing safety training to long-term workers is necessary. As the result of survey regarding safety awareness, the highest awareness level was shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is over 20 years, and when it comes to operation of fire fighting equipments, fire-fighting workers and workers having 1-4 years of working period showed high safety awareness. The more serious injury in a fire fighter experienced as the first injury after working as a fire-fighter, the more cause-and-effect relationship was shown between personal physical condition and work, and it is shown as obstacles of fire fighting activities and affects to post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, as after-work off duty activities also affect to official disaster, systematic improvement of working environment is required. Occupational medical work compatibility evaluation considering the distinct characteristics of works to secure fire-fighter` health care together with fire-fighting capability is shown to be necessary.

화재사례 분석을 통한 소방안전관리자용화재대응 훈련 시나리오 개발을 위한 기초연구

최유정,최수길,김시국 한국화재소방학회 2022 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.36 No.1

This is a study on the development of education and training scenarios to enable fire safety managers to improve theirfire response-ability. Based on 10 fire accidents that occurred in Korea, we analyzed the fire response problems thatoccurred in fire recognition, fire situation propagation, 119 reports, evacuation guidance, and initial fire extinguishing. Wederived scenarios by designing sample scenario events based on fire response failure factors observed from accidents forscenario development. Additionally, a fire response scenario was developed including psychological conflict factors so thatfire safety managers can solve various situations without falling into a panic in the event of a fire. Based on this study,if repeated education and training are conducted by implementing content similar to the actual situation, it is judged thatfire safety managers will be able to make quick judgments and correct responses in the case of a fire. 본 논문은 소방안전관리자의 화재대응력 향상을 위한 교육⋅훈련 시나리오 개발에 관한 연구이다. 시나리오 개발을 위해 국내에서 발생한 화재사고사례 10건을 바탕으로 화재인지, 화재상황전파, 119신고, 피난유도, 초기소화에서발생한 화재대응에서의 문제점을 분석하였으며, 사례에서 도출된 화재대응 실패 요인들을 바탕으로 시나리오 이벤트를 설계하여 시나리오를 도출하였다. 추가적으로 화재 발생 시 소방안전관리자가 패닉(panic)에 빠지지 않고 다양하게 발생하는 상황을 해결할 수 있도록 심리적 갈등요인을 포함하여 화재대응 시나리오를 개발하였다. 해당 시나리오를 바탕으로 실제 상황과 유사한 콘텐츠를 구현하여 반복적인 교육⋅훈련을 하게 된다면, 소방안전관리자가 화재시 빠른 판단과 올바른 대처능력이 향상될 것으로 판단된다.

노후 분말소화기의 폭발사고 원인과 예방대책에 관한 분석

이의평 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.26 No.3

Fatal injuries and deaths have occurred resulting from the operation or disassembling of a powder extinguishers in Korea. If a rusted powder extinguisher is exploded during operation or disassembling, it rises to the air like a rocket and hits a head, chest, or neck part of an operator, resulting in his (her) death or injury. In this study examines the explosion accident cases of a powder fire extinguisher and analyzes their causes, reactions to explosion, and precautionary measures. And in this paper suggests 1) no using of old fire extinguishers in fire drill or education, 2) education and public information on danger of old fire extinguishers, 3) indication of explosion danger to cartridge-type dry chemical powder fire extinguishers had already placed to buildings etc., 4) obligatory indication of durable years on fire extinguishers, 5)examination for introduction of system that do hydraulic pressure test about fire extinguishers that given period past, 6)construction of system that reclaim old fire extinguishers, 7) construction of system that recycle or reuse old fire extinguishers,and 8) operation of help desk related to old fire extinguishers as precautionary measure of fire extinguisher explosion accidents. 분말소화기를 조작하거나 해체하는 과정 중에 아주 드물게 사상자가 발생하는 경우가 있다. 부식된 분말소화기는 조작중 또는 해체(폐기)과정 중에 폭발하면 로켓과 같이 위쪽으로 솟아오르면서 소화기 조작자나 해체과정 중인 사람의 머리나 가슴, 목 부위 등을 쳐서 사상사고를 발생하게 한다. 이 논문에서는 분말소화기파열사고사례를 알아본 후, 파열사고의원인과 파열로 인한 반동력, 예방대책에 대해 알아보았다. 소화기 파열사고의 예방대책으로 훈련이나 교육에 부식된 소화기의 사용 자제, 부식된 소화기에 대한 위험성 교육 및 홍보, 기설치 가압식분말소화기에 파열위험성 표시, 내용연수표시 의무화, 일정기간 경과 소화기에 대한 수압검사 제도의 도입 검토, 폐소화기 회수시스템 구축, 폐소화기의 재활용시스템 구축, 노후소화기관련 상담창구 운영 등을 제안하였다.