加壓 輕水爐型 原子力 發電所(PWR) 消防設備에 關한 考察

全興鈞 대구보건대학 1996 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This study covers the prevention and protection of the pressurized-light water nuclear power plants from the consequences of fire, including safety to life of on-site personnel, protection of property, physical integrity of plant component, and continuity of plant operation and electric power production by fire protection systems and equipments. In special, the pressurized-light water nuclear power plant uses the concept of "defense-in-depth" to achieve the high degree of safety required in the nuclear safety systems of the plant and the fire prevention and protection for the remaining areas of the plant. With respect to the fire protection, the "defense-in-depth" principle is aimed at achieving an adequate balance in : 1. Prevention fires from starting (Fire prevention) 2. Detecting fires quickly and suppressing those that occur, thereby limiting damage (Fire Protection) 3. Designing the plant to limit the consequence of fire (Plant Design) The systems and equipments for fire prevention and protection must be absolutely good condition and be always sure to prepare for use at fire occurrence in the nuclear power plant.

아파트 화재 사례 전산모사를 통한 화재위험성 평가에 관한 연구

전흥균,최영상,추홍록 한국화재소방학회 2010 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.24 No.4

In this study, Fire Hazards were evaluated through computer simulation using FDS program for an apartment fire accident. The results of fire simulation showed that the maximum heat release rate in the case of no sprinklers activation was 7,700 kW which was about 16 times of that in the case of sprinklers activation, 497 kW and there was a very high fire hazard due to the backdraft phenomenon when the door of fire room was forced to open. Regarding the hazard time of fire room temperature and detection time of detectors, available evacuation time was 32.5 seconds of minimum to 53.5 seconds of maximum. In the case of sprinklers activation, fire hazard in the apartment was showed to be very low due to the fire control by the spray cooling of sprinklers. This study shows that what a important function for fire safety is the activations of fire sprinkler system and emergency alarm system and what a large loss can cause if these systems don’t activate in fire accidents. 본 연구에서는 FDS 프로그램을 사용하여 아파트 화재 사고에 대한 전산모사를 통하여 화재위험성을 평가하였다. 화재 전산모사 결과, 스프링클러 미 작동 시 최대 열방출율은 7,700kW로써 스프링클러 작동시 최대 열방출율 497kW의 약 16배이며, 화재실의 문 강제 개방 시 역화현상의 발생으로 화재위험은 매우 높게 나타났다. 화재실 온도의 위험도래시간과 감지기 작동 시간에 의한 재실자 피난 여유시간은 최소32.5초와 최대 53.5초이다. 스프링클러 작동 시에는 냉각에 의한 화재제어로 아파트 실내의 화재위험은 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 아파트 화재사고의 전산모사 결과를 통하여 소화설비 및 비상방송설비의 정상작동이 화재안전에 얼마나 중요한 역할을 하는지, 그리고 작동 불능 시 얼마나 큰 피해 손실을 초래하는지에 대하여 알 수 있었다.

항공기 격납고 화재시 연기유동 및 스프링클러헤드 작동에 대한 수치해석적 연구

전흥균,최영상 대구보건대학 2000 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This study is designed to analyze fire phenomena and to set guidelines for fire protection in the compartment fires of high bay aircraft hangars. The high bay aircraft hangar dimension is the large space of 40m by 40m with the ceiling height of 15m. The fire scenario used in this study are simulated by LAVENT (Link-Actuated VENTs) code which has been developed to simulate the response of sprinklers in compartment fires of the large spaces with and without draft curtains and fusible-link-actuated ceiling vents. Parameters investigated in this study are the effects of fusible link distances below the ceiling, draft curtains height and vent area on the temperature of link, the response of sprinklers, the temperature of upper smoke layer and the height of smoke interface. The results are as follows: (1) When there is no accumulation of hot smokes, the maximum temperature occurs at a distance below the ceiling of 1% of the total ceiling height. (2) The effective depth of draft curtains is a distance below the ceiling of 26% of the total ceiling height. (3) As vents area becomes large, link temperature drops regardless of radial distance. (4) The deeper draft curtains becomes, the more quickly sprinklers operates and the larger vents area becomes, the more slowly sprinklers operates.

경사통로로 전파되는 연기에 대한 스프링클러와 제연커텐의 통합제연성능

전흥균,최영상,추홍록 한국화재소방학회 2006 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.20 No.4

경사계단통로의 천장 아래로 확산되는 연기의 냉각 및 일시 차단을 위해 설치된 2개의 스프링클러헤드 와 깊이가 0.54m인 제연커텐의 통합작동시 그 제연성능을 조사하기 위해 제연구역의 크기가 17.92m× 4.00m×6.12m인 단일계단통로의 화재모형에 대해 FDS로 화재모의실험을 수행하였다. 스프링클러헤드 반응시간은 화재크기가 증가할수록 감소하며, 제연커텐이 있는 경우가 없는 경우보다 1.1초 증가하고, 화 원에서 경사통로출구까지 연기전파시간은 화재크기가 증가할수록 상당히 감소하며, 연기전파지연효과는 스프링클러의 작동여부와는 관계가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 스프링클러와 제연커텐의 통합작동은 연기 냉각측면에서는 효과가 큰 반면 연기전파지연측면에서는 작지만 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 살 수냉각효과에 의해 경사통로에는 고온연기층의 복사열유속의 화상위험은 감소되나, 헤드살수의 하향끌림 과 연기와 공기의 혼합 난류 현상에 의해 경사통로 입구부 주변에는 짙은 연기층이 형성되어 시계약화 및 연기질식 위험은 증가하여 피난에 어려움이 가중될 것으로 사료된다. In this study, CFD computer simulations by FDS are carried out in order to confirm the performance of the combined operation of both sprinkler system and smoke curtain of 0.54m depth installed for cooling and blocking the smoke which propagates beneath the sloped ceiling of a stairway corridor of which dimensions are 17.92m long, 4.00m wide, and 6.12m high. It is shown that the response time of sprinklers decreases with fire size and it increases more about 1.1 second in case without smoke curtain than in case with smoke curtain, that the time of smoke transport from the fire source to the stairway outlet decreases considerably with fire size, and that the delay effect of smoke transport is not related to the sprinkler system, whether it is operated or not. This study shows that the combined operation of both sprinkler system and smoke curtain is very effective in smoke cooling, but it is a little for effect on smoke blockage. Although the hazard of skin burn due to radiative heat flux from hot smoke layer is decreased by spray cooling effect, the hazard of smoke suffocation and the weakening of visibility is increased by smoke downdrag and the turbulence of smoke-air mixing due to water spray. These conditions may result in preventing occupants from going out of the stairway during evacuation.

밀폐된 구획의 창유리 파단시 화재 특성에 관한 수치적 연구

전흥균,최영상 대구보건대학 2000 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The use of computer supported fire safety engineering calculations has grown significantly in recent years and will be increased rapidly. In this study, in order to examine for fire dynamics of the enclosed compartment with window glass(3㎜, 4㎜ thickness) when the window glass breaks, we conducted numerical computer simulations about foam sofa fire with the zone type computer model, FASTLite package(version 1.1.2) and the Berkeley algorithm for breaking window glass in a compartment fire, BREAK1 program(version 1.0). The analysis of the results in this paper shows that there are differences of fire dynamics between open- or enclosed-state compartment fire and the enclosed compartment fire with window glass breaking. It is also shown in this study that backdraft phenomenum occurs due to accumulated unburned combustible fuel when the glass of 4㎜ thickness breaks, and that temperature differences between the inner- and outer-surfaces of 3㎜ and 4㎜ thick glasses are appreciable. This study will help fire fighter to establish fire suppression or occupant's refuge strategies and fire safety engineer to enhance computer simulation techniques about the fire dynamics of compartment fire.

천장 보가 있는 구획 화재시 연기거동 및 열감지기 작동에 관한 수치해석적 연구

전흥균,최영상 대구보건대학 2001 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

A series of numerical experiments were performed to study the effect of beamed ceiling on the smoke transfer and the thermal detector response in the compartment fires with beamed ceiling. The computer program used to perform the numerical simulation of the compartment fire in various conditions of fire size, beam depth, beam spacing and ceiling height was FAST(ver. 3.1.6) as 2-zone type code which was developed by Forney, G. P. The geometries of compartments and fire sizes used to simulate are the depth of 3m 4m, 5m, the Ceiling height of 3.3m, 3.5m, 4.0m and the width of 9m with beamed ceiling of 0.0m, 0.3m, 0.5m, 1.0m, the fire growth rate of slow, medium, fat, and the thermal detectors with RTI of 50㎳^(1/2), the activation temperature of 330K. The results are as follows ; (1) We conformed the distinct temperature difference of upper hot smoke layer, detector and ceiling jet inside the individual channels due to the effect of beamed ceiling in compartment fire. (2) As the beam depth and spacing in next channel of fire source become large, the upper smoke layer temperature is decrease, but we didn't conformed that there is the effect of fire sizes on upper smoke layer temperature. (3) We conformed that the effect of beam on the thermal detector response was great as distance of detector from fire source becomes away.

原子力發電所 高密度 使用後燃料 貯藏랙 BORAFLEX 健全性 評價에 관한 硏究 : 울진원자력발전소 2호기 기준

全興鈞 대구보건대학 1995 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The 1st test of Boraflex coupon surveillance program was performed to confirm the soundness of Boraflex in spent fuel pit of Ulchin Powerplant unit 2. It showed that-the contraction in dimensions(length, width, and thickness) of Boraflex coupon was slightly small and the change of its weight was especiallly samll and the specific gravity was increased about 4% after radiation for about 9 months('93.11.23∼'94.8.27). As these changes of Boraflex coupon were .within the reference values which could lead to the damage of Boraflex for-.each individual value to exceed, Boraflex in spent fuel pit could be thought to be sound. Accordingly, this could be sumarrized as follows: · The received dose of Boraflex coupon was much more small than the possible receiving dose during the life period of powerplant. · The degree of changes of Boraflex coupons may be different according to the burnup of spent fuel positioned around tree. · It has noted that the bubbles produced in spent fuel pit means that the degree of crosslinking of Boraflex is the saturation state.

건식 스프링클러설비의 수리계산과 설계 적정성 해석

전흥균,추홍록,우상철 한국기계기술학회 2009 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.11 No.3

오목, 볼록면에서 평면충격파의 반사

전흥균,권진영,권순범,JEON, Heung-Kyun,KWON, Jin-Kyung,KWON, Soon-Bum 대한기계학회 1999 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.23 No.11

In the case of Impingement of plane moving shock wave over concave or convex double wedges (pseudo-stationary flow) and cylindrical walls (truly non-stationary flow), it Is expected that there are transitions from regular reflection to Mach reflection or vice versa In shock wave reflections. In these connections, it is necessary to verify the various of reflection process and transition angle for the reflection problems In double wedges, and to verify the transition angle, effects of curvature radius and initial wall angle on it for the reflection problems In cylindrical walls. Especially, we focused our attention to confirm the existence of hysteresis phenomenon induced by the different transition processes, and Neumann paradox, which is a small discrepancy between theoretical and experimental transition angles. Experiments were carried out by using the shock tube of $6{\times}6cm^2$, and high speed photographic technique consisted of delay unit, triggering system, light source of Xe lamp and so on was used for flow visualization.

방화셔터를 이용한 아트리움 제연과 피난안전에 관한 수치해석 연구

전흥균,최영상,추홍록 한국화재소방학회 2010 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

Four fire scenarios, as the cases of fire sizes of 2 MW and 5 MW, and no installation and activation of atrium fire shutter for dormitory building of Daegu ‘D college’, were developed and fire simulations were run using FDS (ver. 5.5.0) and Pathfinder 2009 programs. By assessing fire and evacuation,the effects of atrium fire shutter and vents on the smoke control of atrium were evaluated and this study also analyzed fire hazard and egress safety for occupants in the dormitory. Fire shutter’s preventing smoke transport around atrium was much effective, but smoke layer descended down the design limit of smoke height and kept about 2 m height from the atrium floor in all cases because flow rate through vents was not enough. For the case of 5 MW fire and no fire shutter, fire hazard was higher due to visibility than temperature and allowable egress time to stairwell was short less than 5 seconds for the occupants on the floors of 4F to 7F. For total occupants, egress time out of main doorway was calculated about 136 seconds. It is sure that additional systems improving the performance of smoke control need to be installed for more safe evacuation. 본 연구에서는 대구 D대학 기숙사 건물에 대해 2MW, 5MW 화재크기와 아트리움 방화셔터의 미설치및 작동 경우의 4가지 화재시나리오를 구성하고, FDS(ver. 5.5.0)와 Pathfinder 2009 프로그램을 사용하여 화재 및 피난시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 화재피난영향평가를 통하여 방화셔터와 배연구의 아트리움 제연 효과에 대한 성능을 확인하였고, 화재위험 및 피난안전을 분석하였다. 방화셔터의 작동은 연기 전파 방지에 큰 효과가 있지만, 상부 배연구를 통한 배연량이 불충분하여 방화셔터의 유무에 관계없이 연기층은바닥으로부터 약 2m 지점까지 하강하고, 본 연구에서 설정한 연기층 한계 높이 이하가 되었다. 또 방화셔터 미설치, 5MW 화재크기의 경우, 온도보다 가시거리에 의한 화재위험 가능성이 더 크게 나타났고, 기숙사 중·상부 층의 계단실 피난여유시간은 약 5초 이내로 매우 작았다. 지상 1층 주출입구까지 전체 피난자의 순수 피난이동시간은 136초이다. 피난자의 더 안전한 피난을 위해 추가적인 보완조치가 필요하다고 사료된다.