Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks of Trees in Javadhu Hills, Eastern Ghats, India

Balaraman Tamilselvan,Thangavel Sekar,Munisamy Anbarashan 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2021 Journal of Forest Science Vol.37 No.2

Tropical dry forests are one of the most threatened, widely distributed ecosystems in tropics and estimation of forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in trees on large scale (10, 1 ha plots) in the dry mixed evergreen forest of Javadhu forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by non-harvest methods. The total biomass of trees in this tropical dry mixed evergreen forest was ranged from 160.02 to 250.8 Mg/ha, with a mean of 202.04±24.64 Mg/ha. Among the 62 tree species enumerated, Memecylon umbellatum accumulated greater biomass and carbon stocks (24.29%) more than the other species in the 10 ha study plots. ANOVA revealed that there existed a significant variation in the total biomass and carbon stock among the three plant types (Evergreen, brevi-deciduous and deciduous (F (2, 17)=15.343, p<0.001). Basal area and density was significant positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R2 0.980; 0.680) while species richness exhibited negative correlation with above ground biomass (R2 0.167). Finding of present study may be interpreted as most of the trees in this forest are yet to be matured and there is a net addition to standing biomass leading to carbon storage.

Forest Cover Change Detection Analysis in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India - a Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

Jayakumar S.,Ramachandran A.,Bhaskaran G.,Lee Jung Bin 대한공간정보학회 2007 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.15 No.4

대축척(1:50,000)지도의 산림 정보는 산림지역 보호에 중요한 자료로 이용된다. 그러나 대상지역인 인도 Tamil Nadu의 Eastern Ghats(EG) 지역에는 대축척 지도를 사용할 수 없기 때문에 위성 데이터를 이용한 산림의 변화 탐지를 적용하여 분석하였다. 대상지역의 1990년과 2003년의 산림의 변화에 대한 연구 결과 약 10가지의 산림 종류가 관측되었으며 가장 변화가 큰 지역은 상록수와 낙엽수지역에서 관측되었다. Information on forest type and cover density status of the present and past on large scale (1:50,000) is very much needed for conservation of any forest region. Such large-scale maps are not available for the Eastern Ghats (EG) of Tamil Nadu. This study deals with the preparation of forest type and cover density map of EG of Tamil Nadu during 2003 and the changes it has undergone between 1990 and 2003 using appropriate satellite data. About 10 forest types have been identified and mapped. Major changes have been observed in the forest types such as evergreen, and deciduous.

Elevation patterns of tree diversity, composition and stand structure in Mahendragiri Hill Forest, Eastern Ghats of Odisha, India

Swapna S. Khadanga,Ashaq Ahmad Dar,Neha Jaiswal,Prasad K. Dash,Shanmuganathan Jayakumar 국립중앙과학관 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.16 No.3

Tropical mountain forests in Eastern Ghats provide a unique opportunity to relate environmental driversto plant community structure along elevation gradient. We aimed to investigate the tree diversity,composition and stand structure along elevation gradient and drivers facilitating species distributionacross Mahendragiri Hill Forest (MHF) in Eastern Ghats of Odisha, India. Altogether 120 plots of 0.05 hawere established and stems 10 cm diameter at breast height were measured. We compared speciescomposition and stand structure among elevation zones. Ordination analysis was used to quantify howcommunity structure was related to topographic, climatic and onsite conditions. In total 189 speciesrepresenting 131 genera and 51 families were recorded ranging from 64 (MHF6) to 106 species (MHF4). Fabaceae representing 23 species, followed by Phyllanthaceae was dominant families. Maximum treedensity and basal area were enumerated in high elevation MHF6 and least disturbed MHF5, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) interpreted 58.59% of variation and depicted the role ofelevation followed by disturbance and precipitation in species distribution patterns. Variance parti tioning analysis shows that topography and disturbance strongly partitioned the dissemination of treespecies. Variations in species diversity reflects a direct coupling or interaction of several factors together,making it a complex phenomenon.

A new species of the genusPortulacaL. (Portulacaceae) from the EasternGhats, India

Pasupuleti Sivaramakrishna,Pulicherla Yugandhar 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.4

Portulaca laljii(Portulacaceae), a new species from the Eastern Ghats (Prakasam District, Andhra Pra-desh), India, is described and illustrated along with conservation status. Perennial prostrate-decumbentmuch branched herb with tuberousfleshy roots, glabrous, stem without scaly bark, nodal axils withouthairs, lanate nature of narrowly lanceolate,flat leaves, glabrous, leaf axis without hairs, solitary, bracteateflowers with very short pedicel and 2e3 bracteoles, petals with emarginate, sometimes mucronate apex,pistil with trifid style, prolate-shaped capsule, bilobular to subglobular, conspicuously beaked seedswithout golden luster and with slightly elongated seed testa distinguishes it from all previously knownspecies. A key to the species ofPortulacafrom India is also provided

Hedyotis sithiravaraiensis(Rubiaceae): a new species from Southern Ind

Subbiah Muruganandam,Krishnamoorthy Devanathan,Sundaramurthy Ravikumar,Duvuru Narasimhan 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.4

During the ethnobotanical survey on the Pakkamalai, Gingee Hills, one of the Eastern Ghats hill ranges,the authors found a new species, which has been used as a medicinal plant in the local region in India.After a critical examination of the specimen and literature, it is described as new to science,Hedyotissithiravaraiensissp. nov. Description and illustration of the new species are given.

IDENTIFICATION OF EROSION PRONE FOREST AREA

S. Jayakumar,JUNG BIN LEE,Lkhagva Enkhbaatar,Joon Heo 대한공간정보학회 2008 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.10

Erosion and landslide cause serious damage to forest areas. As a consequence, partial or complete destruction of vegetation occurs, which leads to many cascading problems. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the forest areas, which are under different risk categories of erosion and landslide, in part of Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Relevantthematic maps were generated from satellite data, topographical maps, primary and secondary data and weights to each map were assigned appropriately. Weighted overlay analysis was carried out to identify the erosionprone forest areas. The result of erosion and landslide prone model reveals that 4712 ㏊ (17%) of forest area is under high risk category and 15879 ㏊ (58.65%) is under medium risk category. The results of spatial modeling would be very much useful to the forest officials and conservationist to plan for effective conservation.

Corrigendum to “A new species of Emilia Cass. (Asteraceae) from the Eastern Ghats of India with notes on ecosystem evaluation and conservation status” [Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10(2017): 104–111]

Koppineedi Veera Satish,Jonnakuti Prakasa Rao 국립중앙과학관 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.10 No.4

On the page 104 ‘Materials and methods’ the following sentence is incorrect: “Field and voucher numbers were assigned and realtime observations on habitat and taxonomic notes were recorded for specimens and deposited in Andhra University Herbarium (AUH), Andhra Pradesh, India.” The correct version is: “Field and voucher numbers were assigned and realtime observations on habitat and taxonomic notes were recorded for specimens, holotype deposited in Andhra University Herbarium (AUH) and isotypes in the centers of Botanical Survey of India viz. Central National Herbarium (CAL), Deccan Regional Centre (DRC), Madras Herbarium (MH) and Arid Zone Circle (BSJO). On page 107 ‘Results and discussion’of the article, the following sentence was incorrect: “Type. India. Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, Araku Valley, Galikonda hilltop, 500 m away from Galikonda viewpoint, 1245m alt, 18ˈ16 ˈ28.1ˈˈ N, 82ˈ59ˈ20.5ˈˈ E, 07 Dec 2013, K.V. Satish, J. Prakasa Rao 21202 (CAL, Holotype.; AUH, DRC, MH, BSJO, Isotypes). The correct version is: Type. Holotype: India. Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, Araku Valley, Galikonda hilltop, 500 m away from Galikonda viewpoint, 1245 m alt, 18ˈ16ˈ28.1ˈˈ N, 8259ˈ20.5ˈˈ E, 07 Dec 2013, K.V. Satish, J. Prakasa Rao 21202 (AUH). Isotypes: 21202 a (CAL); 21202 b (DRC); 21202 c (MH); 21202 d (BSJO). On the page 104 ‘Materials and methods’ the following sentence is incorrect: “Field and voucher numbers were assigned and realtime observations on habitat and taxonomic notes were recorded for specimens and deposited in Andhra University Herbarium (AUH), Andhra Pradesh, India.” The correct version is: “Field and voucher numbers were assigned and realtime observations on habitat and taxonomic notes were recorded for specimens, holotype deposited in Andhra University Herbarium (AUH) and isotypes in the centers of Botanical Survey of India viz. Central National Herbarium (CAL), Deccan Regional Centre (DRC), Madras Herbarium (MH) and Arid Zone Circle (BSJO). On page 107 ‘Results and discussion’of the article, the following sentence was incorrect: “Type. India. Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, Araku Valley, Galikonda hilltop, 500 m away from Galikonda viewpoint, 1245m alt, 18ˈ16 ˈ28.1ˈˈ N, 82ˈ59ˈ20.5ˈˈ E, 07 Dec 2013, K.V. Satish, J. Prakasa Rao 21202 (CAL, Holotype.; AUH, DRC, MH, BSJO, Isotypes). The correct version is: Type. Holotype: India. Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, Araku Valley, Galikonda hilltop, 500 m away from Galikonda viewpoint, 1245 m alt, 18ˈ16ˈ28.1ˈˈ N, 82ˈ59ˈ20.5ˈˈ E, 07 Dec 2013, K.V. Satish, J. Prakasa Rao 21202 (AUH). Isotypes: 21202 a (CAL); 21202 b (DRC); 21202 c (MH); 21202 d (BSJO).

Pteridophyte species richness along elevation gradients in Kolli Hills of the Eastern Ghats, India

Jeyalatchagan Sureshkumar,Muniappan Ayyanar,Rajendran Silambarasan 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.1

Species richness is an important measure of community and regional diversity, and studying speciesdiversity along elevation gradients is vital to understand population ecology and environment. Pteridophytesare unique groups of vascular plants and are not given much attention toward their diversityalong elevation gradients. Hence, we made an effort to study the species richness of pteridophytes alongelevation gradients in Kolli Hills, one of the underexplored forests of the Eastern Ghats in India. Elevationgradients were divided into 13 elevation zones, and relationship between species richness and elevationwere summarized to linear regression as indicated by correlation coefficients and significance. A total of98 species of pteridophytes belonging to 58 genera and 32 families were recorded in our study with amaximum number of 29 species in the 1301-m to 1400-m elevation. Correlation between the family, thegenus, and species richness with elevation was positively significant. The majority of the recordedspecies showed terrestrial habitats, and patterns of species richness with life forms exhibited a humpeddistribution. Species richness on scrub and semievergreen forests with elevation showed humped distribution,whereas deciduous and evergreen forests showed monotonic distribution. Correlation betweenspecies richness and elevation was positively significant in scrub forests and nonsignificant in othervegetation types. The correlation of species richness with temperature was monotonic, with rainfall andrelative humidity showing a humped pattern of distribution. The high diversity of pteridophyte speciesin Kolli Hills is due to its richness in various habitats resulting from an extended altitudinal range and ahealthy evergreen forest with a constant increase in rainfall in higher elevations. Apart from climate,vegetation, and life form analysis attempted in our study for species richness along theelevation gradients, much attention should be given toward the role of other environmental gradients,which can help us address various ecological questions.

A new species of Emilia Cass. (Asteraceae) from the Eastern Ghats of India with notes on ecosystem evaluation and conservation status

Koppineedi Veera Satish,Jonnakuti Prakasa Rao 국립중앙과학관 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.10 No.1

Emilia reddyi is described and illustrated as a new species from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. It resembles Emilia scabra, Emilia javanica, and Emilia sonchifolia, but is distinct by the stem which is woody at the base, the strictly cauline leaves, and floral characters. A description, information on habitat, distribution, and phenology, and relevant taxonomic notes are provided. The landscape in which E. reddyi occurs was evaluated for the rate of deforestation and land cover changes to understand the anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem of the described species. Based on these data, the conservation status of the species was assessed.

Object-oriented Classification and QuickBird Multi-spectral Imagery in Forest Density Mapping

S. Jayakumar,A. Ramachandran,Jung Bin Lee,Joon Heo 大韓遠隔探査學會 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

Forest cover density studies using high resolution satellite data and object oriented classification are limited in India. This article focuses on the potential use of QuickBird satellite data and object oriented classification in forest density mapping. In this study, the high-resolution satellite data was classified based on NDVI/pixel based and object oriented classification methods and results were compared. The QuickBird satellite data was found to be suitable in forest density mapping. Object oriented classification was superior than the NDVI/pixel based classification. The Object oriented classification method classified all the density classes of forest (dense, open, degraded and bare soil) with higher producer and user accuracies and with more kappa statistics value compared to pixel based method. The overall classification accuracy and Kappa statistics values of the object oriented classification were 83.33% and 0.77 respectively, which were higher than the pixel based classification (68%, 0.56 respectively). According to the Z statistics, the results of these two classifications were significantly different at 95% confidence level.