Relationships of Bone Density with Quantitative Ultrasound Parameter in Bovine Cancellous Bone

이강일 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1

The present study aims to investigate the relationships of bone density with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters measured in transmission and backscatter modes in bovine cancellous bone. The speed of sound (SOS), the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation (nBUA), the broadband ultrasound backscatter (BUB) and the integrated reflection coefficient (IRe) were measured for 35 specimens obtained from proximal ends of seven bovine tibiae. The highest correlation coefficient was observed for SOS (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Similarly, nBUA was significantly correlated with density (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). In contrast, BUB and IRe were less correlated with density than transmission QUS parameters, but still significantly (r = 0.63 and 0.65, respectively, all p < 0.01). A multiple regression analysis was used to find optimal models for the prediction of apparent bone density by using linear combinations of SOS, nBUA, BUB and IRe, with density as an independent variable and 2,3 and 4 QUS parameters as dependent variables (r = 0.77 - 0.88, all p < 0.001). The results suggest that the analysis of multiple QUS parameters can contribute to improving the efficacy of QUS procedures in the diagnosis of osteoporosis beyond the established value of SOS and nBUA.

Measurement of the Normalized Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation in Trabecular Bone by Using a Bidirectional Transverse Transmission Technique

이강일 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.2

A new method for measuring the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation (nBUA) in trabecularbone by using a bidirectional transverse transmission technique was proposed and validatedwith measurements obtained by using the conventional transverse transmission technique. Therewas no significant difference between the nBUA measurements obtained for 14 bovine femoral trabecularbone samples by using the bidirectional and the conventional transverse transmission techniques. The nBUA measured by using the two transverse transmission techniques showed strongpositive correlations of r = 0.87 to 0.88 with the apparent bone density, consistent with the behaviorin human trabecular bone invitro. We expect that the new method can be usefully applied forimproved accuracy and precision in clinical measurements.

Feasibility of Bone Assessment by Using the Nonlinear Parameter in Trabecular Bone

이강일 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.8

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of assessing bone status and osteoporosis by using the nonlinear parameter B/A in bovine trabecular bone in vitro. The B/A values measured in 18 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples by using a finite-amplitude throughtransmission method ranged from 63.3 to 122.6. The apparent bone density was highly correlated with the B/A and with the existing quantitative ultrasound parameters of the speed of sound (SOS) and the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation (nBUA), with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of r = 0.83 to 0.96. The best univariate predictor of the apparent bone density was the B/A, with an adjusted squared correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.91. These results suggest that the B/A, in addition to the SOS and the nBUA, may have potential as an index for the assessment of bone status and osteoporosis.

3차원 프린팅 적층가공 방식에서 매질 내부 충전이 초음파 속도와 감쇠에 미치는 영향

성열훈(Seoung Youl-Hun) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2018 방사선기술과학 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of 3D printing technology that changes the speed of sound (SOS) and the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) by controlling the density of the media phantom. We used 3D printers which called additive manufacturing (AM) by using material with polylactic acid (PLA). The inside of the medium phantom was filled crossly with 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% of the material. The ultrasonic instrument measured the SOS and the BUA using a 0.55 MHz ultrasound output in opposing mode with a pair of transducers. As a result, the density of the medium phantoms with the SOS showed very high correlation (r = 0.944), but the SOS showed very low correlation (r = 0.500). It is expecting that the manufacturing and measurement method of the medium phantom using 3D printing technology will be used as basic data for ultrasonic bone mineral density

골다공증 진단을 위한 초음파 변수의 골밀도에 대한 의존성

황교승(Kyo Seung Hwang),김윤미(Yoon Mi Kim),박종찬(Jong Chan Park),최민주(Min Joo Choi),이강일(Kang Il Lee) 한국비파괴검사학회 2012 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.32 No.5

현재 골다공증 진단을 위하여 임상에서 이용되고 있는 정량적 초음파 기술은 종골(발뒤꿈치뼈)에서 음속(speed of sound; SOS) 및 광대역 초음파 감쇠(normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation; nBUA)와 같은 초음파 변수를 측정한다. 본 연구에서는 소 대퇴골로부터 제작된 20개의 해면질골 샘플을 이용하여 골절 위험도가 높은 대퇴골에서 SOS 및 nBUA의 골밀도에 대한 의존성을 살펴보았다. 대퇴골 해면질골 샘플의 SOS 및 nBUA는 1.0 MHz의 중심주파수를 갖는 한 쌍의 초음파 트랜스듀서와 함께 투과법을 이용하여 측정 하였다. 20개의 해면질골 샘플에서 측정된 SOS 및 nBUA는 골밀도와 각각 r = 0.83 및 0.72라는 높은 Pearson 상관계수 (r)를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SOS 및 nBUA를 독립변수로 하고, 골밀도를 종속변수로 하는 다중선형회귀분석으로부터 다중선형회귀모델의 상관계수는 r = 0.85로서 SOS 또는 nBUA 중 하나만을 독립변수로 하는 단순선형회귀모델의 상관계수보다 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 초음파 변수와 골밀도 사이의 높은 선형적인 상관관계는 대퇴골에서 측정된 초음파 변수가 대퇴골의 골밀도를 예측하기에 충분한 지표라는 것을 의미한다. Quantitative ultrasound technologies for osteoporosis diagnosis measure ultrasonic parameters such as speed of sound(SOS) and normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation(nBUA) in the calcaneus (heel bone). In the present study, the dependences of SOS and nBUA on bone mineral density in the proximal femur with high risk of fracture were investigated by using 20 trabecular bone samples extracted from bovine femurs. SOS and nBUA in the femoral trabecular bone samples were measured by using a transverse transmission method with one matched pair of ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency of 1.0 MHz. SOS and nBUA measured in the 20 trabecular bone samples exhibited high Pearson"s correlation coefficients (r) of r = 0.83 and 0.72 with apparent bone density, respectively. The multiple regression analysis with SOS and nBUA as independent variables and apparent bone density as a dependent variable showed that the correlation coefficient r = 0.85 of the multiple linear regression model was higher than those of the simple linear regression model with either parameter SOS or nBUA as an independent variable. These high linear correlations between the ultrasonic parameters and the bone density suggest that the ultrasonic parameters measured in the femur can be useful for predicting the femoral bone mineral density.

노년기 농촌여성의 비타민 D 수용체 유전자형에 따른 칼슘 섭취량과 골밀도와의 관계

김지선(Ji Sun Kim),김희선(Hee Seon Kim) 대한지역사회영양학회 2006 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Recent studies have shown that environmental, biochemical, nutritional or genetic factors affect bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gentotype and nutritional status on BMD of elderly women living in a rural area. Three hundred thirty five elderly women over 65 years in Asan participated the study. Data for demographic and nutrient intakes were obtained by survey with a two day 24 hr recall method. BMD was measured by broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). VDR genotypes of the subjects analyzed with Bsm I restriction enzyme were bb (92%), Bb (7%) and BB (1%). No differences were found between genotypes bb and Bb/BB in age, menopausal age, body mass index and body fat. BUA of bb genotype was higher (62.5 ± 15.6 dB/MHz) than Bb/BB genotype (56.1 ± 17.6 dB/MHz) by Student`s t-tests. Correlation analyses showed strong negative correlation of BMD and age, but positive correlation with BMI, energy and calcium intake. When subgroup analyses were conducted after stratification by the median calcium intake level (412.9 mg/d), the above median calcium intake group showed significant difference in BUA by VDR genotype while the lower median calcium intake group did not show significant difference. The current study confirmed interaction of calcium intake and VDR genotype in association with BMD. Further nutritional intervention will be needed to improve calcium status of the elderly women living in rural areas. (Korean J Community Nutrition 11(4) : 534 ~ 540, 2006)

Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

이강일,윤석왕,Lee, Kang-Il,Yoon, Suk-Wang The Acoustical Society of Korea 2010 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.29 No.e2

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by two factors: reduced bone mass and microstructure disruption of bone tissue. These symptoms increase bone fragility and can contribute to eventual fracture. In recent years, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technologies have played a growing role in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Most of the commercial bone sonometers measure speed of sound and/or broadband ultrasound attenuation at peripheral skeletal sites. However, QUS parameters are purely empirical measures that have not yet been firmly linked to physical parameters, such as bone strength or porosity, and the underlying physics for their variations in cancellous bone is not well understood yet. This paper reviews the QUS technologies for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and also addresses several theoretical models, such as the Biot model, the scattering model, the stratified model, and the modified Biot-Attenborough model, for ultrasonic wave propagation in bone.

골밀도 측정을 위한 초음파 영상 개선에 관한 연구

신정식(JungSik Shin),안중환(JungHwan Ahn),김형준(HyungJoon Kim),김화영(HwaYoung Kim),한승무(SeungMoo Han) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2005 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.22 No.8