간접흡연의 생물학적 노출지표로서 요중 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide의 유용성

강종원 충북대학교 의학연구소 2000 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.10 No.2

연구목적 : 간접흡연은 최근 여러 질병과의 관련성이 있을 가능성이 제기되면서 주목받고 있는 주요 보건문제이다. 담배 연기에는 발암물질인 다환성 방향족 탄화수소(PAH)가 포함되어 있으며 그 생물학적 지표로서 요중 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide(1-OHPG)이 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 일반 인구집단에서 요중 1-OHPG 농도가 간접흡연과 관련성을 보이는지 알아보고자 수행 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 4개 중학교 1학년 학생 146명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 간접흡연과 식이력을 조사하였고, 소변에서 creatinine을 측정하였고 고압 액체 크로마토그래피와 형광검출기를 사용하여 1-hydroxypyrene 91ucuronide 농도를 측정하였다. 결과: 요중 1-OHPG는 간접흡연량과 유의한 관련성이 관찰되었고 하루 간접흡연 개비수가 한 개비 증가할 때마다 요중 1-OHPG 농도는 42.3 nmol/mol creatinine 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 간접흡연의 요중 1-OHPG에 대한 설명력(R2)은 12.2%였다. 식이요인과 요중 1-OHPG 농도에는 유의한 관련성이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 요중 1-OHPG는 간접흡연의 생물학적 지표로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Purpose: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide(1-OHPG) has been used as a biological marker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) exposure. Environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) is emerging social and medical problem and ETS contains PAHs. So this study was performed to assess the relationship of urinary 1-OHPG concentration and ETS. Materials and Methods: 146 middle school student in four middle school were included in this study. Passive smoking and PAHs containing diet history were obtained by self administered questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and urinary creatinine were measured. Urinary 1-OHPG were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was significant correlation between ETS amount and urinary 1-OHPG concentration, One cigarette increase of ETS causes 42.3 nmol/mol creatinine increase of urinary 1-OHPG concentration. R2 of ETS to urinary 1-OHPG concentration was 12.2% Dietary factors showed no correlation with urinary 1-OHPG concentration. Conclusion: This results suggests that urinary 1-OHPG concentration can be applied as biological markers of environmental tobacco smoke in Korean general population

다환성 방향족 탄화수소 노출지표로서 요중 1-hydroxypyrene의 정상 범위

강종원 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1999 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.2

연구목적: 다환성 방향족 탄화수소의 생물학적 노출지표인 요중 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP)에 대해서 직업적 노출과 흡연에 의한 다량 노출을 배제할 수 있는 인구집단을 대상으로 하여 우리 나라 일반 인구집단의 표준적인 요중 1-hydroxypyrene 의 정상 분포를 추정하고자 수행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 서울 3개, 지방 1개 중학교의 1학년 학생 각 40명씩을 대상으로 설문조사와 채뇨를 하였다. 설문조사를 통해 간접흡연과 식이력을 조사하였고, 소변에서 creatinine을 측정하였고 고압 액체 크로마토그래피와 형광검출기를 사용하여 1-hydroxypyrene을 측정하였다. 결과: 전체 대상자 137명의 요중 1-OHP/creatinine 농도는 산술평균이 136.21 nmol/mol creatinine, 산술 표준편차가 149.92 nmol/mole creatinine 이었고, 기하평균이 73.26 nmol/mol creatinine 이었다. 기하평균과 기하표준편차를 통해 산출된 95% 신뢰구간은 6.05 ∼ 887.86 ng/g creatinine 이었다. 식이요인과 간접흡연은 요중 1-OHP 농도와 관련성이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구 결과는 직업적 폭로와 흡연의 영향을 배제할 수 있는 대상자를 선정하여 수행되어 우리 나라 일반인구집단의 기준값으로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Purpose: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) has been used as a biological marker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) exposure. The baseline level of urinary 1-OHP is indispensable to apply this biological makers as a surrogate measurement of PAH exposure. This study was performed to estimate the baseline level of urinary 1-OHP in general Korean population. Materials and Methods: 137 middle school student in four middle school were included in this study. Passive smoking and PAHs containing diet history were obtained by self administered questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and urinary creatinine were measured. Urinary 1-OHP were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The arithmetic mean of urinary 1-OHP was 136.21 nmol/mol creatinine and the arithmetic standard deviation was 149.92 nmol/mol creatinine. The geometric mean was 73.26 nmol/mol creatinine. The 95% range estimated by using geometric mean and geometric standard deviation was from 6.05 to 887.86 nmol/mol creatinine. Dietary factors and passive smoking were not statistically significantly related with urinary 1-OHP concentration. Conclusion: The result of this study can be applied as a baseline level or reference level of urinary 1-OHP concentration of general population in Korea.

Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Levels in Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon from Rubber Wood Burning

Thitiworn Choosong,Pitchaya Phakthongsuk,Surajit Tekasakul,Perapong Tekasakul 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2014 Safety and health at work Vol.5 No.2

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was selected as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to explore the accumulation level in the bodies of workers at rubber smoke sheet factories in southern Thailand. Methods: Spot urine samples were taken from four groups of workers from June 2006 to November 2007. The nonexposure or control groups included habitual cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. The other two groups were workers exposed to particle-bound PAHs from rubber wood smoke and they were nonsmokers. All spot urine samples were analyzed for 1-OHP and creatinine levels. Results: The mean ? standard deviation urinary 1-OHP in the control group of habitual smokers and the nonsmokers was 0.24 ? 0.16 mmol/mol creatinine and not-detected to 0.14 mmol/mol creatinine, respectively. In the workers, the 1-OHP levels on workdays had no significant difference from the 1-OHP levels on the days off. The yearly average 1-OHP level was 0.76 ? 0.41 mmol/mol creatinine whereas the average 1-OHP level during 10 consecutive workdays was 1.06 ? 0.29 mmol/mol creatinine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The urinary 1-OHP levels of workers exposed to PAHs were high. The accumulation of 1-OHP in the body was not clear although the workers had long working hours with few days off during their working experience. Therefore, a regular day off schedule and rotation shift work during high productive RSS should be set for RSS workers.

Preliminary Investigation into Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as a Biomarker for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons exposure among Charcoal Workers in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria

Olujimi, O.O.,Ogunseye, O.O.,Oladiran, K.O.,Ajakore, S.D. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.4

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been widely used as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in occupationally exposed workers. The objective of this study is to investigate the concentration of urinary 1-OHP among charcoal workers as subjects and non-charcoal workers as controls. Methods: Early morning urine samples were collected from 68 persons (25 charcoal workers in Igbo-Ora, 20 charcoal workers in Alabata, and 23 non-charcoal workers) who volunteered to participate in this study. 1-OHP determination in urine samples was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography after hydrolysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p < 0.05. Results: The mean urinary 1-OHP concentration (${\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine) among charcoal workers at Igbo-Ora and Alabata and non-charcoal workers were $2.22{\pm}1.27$, $1.32{\pm}0.65$, and $0.32{\pm}0.26$ (p < 0.01). There existed a relationship between respondent type and 1-OHP concentration. Charcoal workers were 3.14 times more at risk of having 1-OHP concentrations that exceed the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guideline of $0.49{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine than non-charcoal workers (relative risk = 3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-5.8, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Charcoal workers are exposed to PAHs during charcoal production and are at risk of experiencing deleterious effects of PAH exposure. Routine air quality assessment should be carried out in communities where charcoal production takes place. Assessment of urinary 1-OHP concentration and use of personal protective equipment should also be encouraged among charcoal workers.

Preliminary Investigation into Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as a Biomarker for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons exposure among Charcoal Workers in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria

O.O. Olujimi,O.O. Ogunseye,K.O. Oladiran,S.D. Ajakore 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.4

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been widely used as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in occupationally exposed workers. The objective of this study is to investigate the concentration of urinary 1-OHP among charcoal workers as subjects and non-charcoal workers as controls. Methods: Early morning urine samples were collected from 68 persons (25 charcoal workers in Igbo-Ora, 20 charcoal workers in Alabata, and 23 non-charcoal workers) who volunteered to participate in this study. 1-OHP determination in urine samples was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography after hydrolysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p < 0.05. Results: The mean urinary 1-OHP concentration (mmol/mol creatinine) among charcoal workers at Igbo- Ora and Alabata and non-charcoal workers were 2.22 1.27, 1.32 0.65, and 0.32 0.26 (p < 0.01). There existed a relationship between respondent type and 1-OHP concentration. Charcoal workers were 3.14 times more at risk of having 1-OHP concentrations that exceed the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guideline of 0.49 mmol/mol creatinine than non-charcoal workers (relative risk = 3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-5.8, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Charcoal workers are exposed to PAHs during charcoal production and are at risk of experiencing deleterious effects of PAH exposure. Routine air quality assessment should be carried out in communities where charcoal production takes place. Assessment of urinary 1-OHP concentration and use of personal protective equipment should also be encouraged among charcoal workers.

Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Levels in Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon from Rubber Wood Burning

Choosong, Thitiworn,Phakthongsuk, Pitchaya,Tekasakul, Surajit,Tekasakul, Perapong Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2014 Safety and health at work Vol.5 No.2

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was selected as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to explore the accumulation level in the bodies of workers at rubber smoke sheet factories in southern Thailand. Methods: Spot urine samples were taken from four groups of workers from June 2006 to November 2007. The nonexposure or control groups included habitual cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. The other two groups were workers exposed to particle-bound PAHs from rubber wood smoke and they were nonsmokers. All spot urine samples were analyzed for 1-OHP and creatinine levels. Results: The mean${\pm}$standard deviation urinary 1-OHP in the control group of habitual smokers and the nonsmokers was $0.24{\pm}0.16{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine and not-detected to $0.14{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, respectively. In the workers, the 1-OHP levels on workdays had no significant difference from the 1-OHP levels on the days off. The yearly average 1-OHP level was $0.76{\pm}0.41{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine whereas the average 1-OHP level during 10 consecutive workdays was $1.06{\pm}0.29{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The urinary 1-OHP levels of workers exposed to PAHs were high. The accumulation of 1-OHP in the body was not clear although the workers had long working hours with few days off during their working experience. Therefore, a regular day off schedule and rotation shift work during high productive RSS should be set for RSS workers.

Simple method for the fabrication of 1-hydroxypyrene-imprinted TiO2 gel nanofilms

Do-Hyeon Yang,Young Rok Ham,Mee-Hye Oh,Yeo Seong Yoon,신재섭,김용대,김헌 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2

In this study, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP)-imprinted TiO2 gel films were prepared by spin coating. Incorporation of the template molecules and their removal were confirmed by UV–vis absorption spectra measurements. Guest selectivity of the 1-OHP-imprinted TiO2 film was estimated to be 1.6, 1.9, and 1.4 against benzoic acid (BA), 1-naphthol (1-NA), and 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid (4-PABA)-imprinted TiO2 film, respectively. The 1-OHP-imprinted films demonstrated greater binding to 1-OHP than the reference imprinted films. Similar results were obtained with the BA, 1-NA, and 4-PABA-imprinted films, and their guest selectivity against the reference imprinted films amounted to 1.2–3.1 times greater. This result suggests that the binding cavity of the imprinted TiO2 gel matrices discriminates between molecular size, shape, and functional groups. Although much improvement is still needed, this imprinting process is a simple, useful, and less time-consuming way to prepare discriminative receptor cavities.

다핵방향조탄화수소류에 노출된 페인트 취급 근로자에서 요 중 1-Hydroxypyrene을 이용한 생물학적 모니터링

이종성 ( Jong Seong Lee ),김은아 ( Eun A Kim ),이용학 ( Yong Hag Lee ),문덕환 ( Deog Hwan Moon ),김광종 ( Kwang Jong Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To investigate the exposure effect of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we measured airborne total PAHs as an external dose, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an internal dose of PAHs exposure, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and PAHs exposure. The study population contained 44 workers in steel-pipe coating and paint manufacture industries. The airborne PAHs was obtained during survey day, and urine were sampled at the end of shift. Personal information on age, body weight, height, eniployment duration, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Airborne PAHs were analyzed by the gas chromatograph with mass selective detector. Urinary 1-OHP levels were analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatograph with ultraviolet wavelength detector. For statistical estimation, t-test, X-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, arid regression analysis were executed by SPSS/PC (Windows version 10). The mean of environmental total PAHs was 87.8±7.81 ㎍/m3. The mean concentration (526.5±2.85 ㎍/m3) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries using coal tar enamel was the higher than that (17.5±3.36 ㎍/m3) of workers in paint manufacture industries using coal tar paint. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration (51.63±3.144 μ mol/mol creatinine) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries was the higher than that (2.334.±709 μ mol/mol creatinine) of workers in paint manufacture industries. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration of smokers was the higher than that of non-smokers. There was significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the environmental concentration of PAHs (r=O.S48, p<0.001), pyrene(r=0.859, p<0.001), and urinary cotinine (r=0.324, p<0.05). The regression equation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP in μg/g creatinine(C(1-OHP)) and airborne concentration of PAHs (or pyrene) in μg/m3 (C(PAHs) or Cpyrene) is: Log (C(1-OHP))=-0.650+0.889×Log(C(PAHs)), where R2=0.694 arid n=38 for p<0.001. Log (C(1-OHP))=1.087+0.707×Log(Cpyrene), where R2=0.713 arid n=38 for p<0.001. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about 1-OHP, significant independents were total PAHs and urinary cotinine (adjusted R2=0.743, p<0.001). In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the airborne concentration of PAHs. The urinary 1-OHP was effective index as a biomarker of airborne PAHs in workplace. But it was influenced by non-occupational PAHs source, smoking.

분자주형을 이용한 요중 1-hydroxypyrene의 측정 방법 개발

Dong-Hyuk Yim(임동혁),Sun-In Moon(문선인),Young-Sook Choi(최영숙),Heejin Park(박희진),Dae-Seon Kim(김대선),Seung-Do Yu(유승도),Chul-Ho Lee(이철호),Yong-Dae Kim(김용대),Heon Kim(김헌) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 선행연구에서 molecular imprinting 방법을 이용하여 개발한 1-OHP 인식 TiO₂-Bead가 실제 소변중의 1-OHP를 효율적으로 검출할 수 있는지 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 분석 방법은 within-day 변이계수가 4.97%, between-day 변이계수가 4.43%로 나타나 본 측정방법이 매우 안정적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 1-OHP와 유사한 물질들이 혼합된 용액으로부터 TiO₂-Bead-HPLC 측정방법의 회수율을 평가한 결과, 평균 105.6%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 실제 소변시료를 대상으로 기존의 효소-HPLC 측정방법과 본 측정방법 간의 상관성을 평가한 결과, 두 방법 간에는 높은 상관관계( r=0.74, p<0.01)를 보여 bead를 이용한 요중 1-OHP의 새로운 측정 방법의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 새로운 측정방법은 기존의 측정방법에 비해 요중 1-OHP 농도를 보다 간편하고 저렴한 가격으로 측정할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 TiO2 코팅 bead를 응용한 요중 1-OHP 센서의 개발에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 분자주형을 이용한 bead의 개발은 1-OHP 이외의 다른 화학물질의 분석에도 다양하게 응용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was performed to determine whether or not urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels can be accurately detected by our 1-OHP-detecting TiO2-Bead?HPLC assay that we developed based on the molecular imprinting method. Our method showed a variation coefficient of 4.97% and a between-day variation coefficient of 4.43%, suggesting that this may be a very stable method. In addition, the recovery rate of 1-OHP from a mixture of 1-OHP and similar substances using our TiO2-Bead-HPLC method was estimated to be 105.6%. The correlation coefficient between the conventional enzyme-HPLC method and this new method was 0.74 (p<0.01) when the urine samples were tested. Based on this result, it is conceivable that our method could be a useful technique for measuring urinary 1-OHP levels. Moreover, our method has some advantages of being easier and less expensive than the conventional method. The results of this study suggest that our method can facilitate the development of a urine 1-OHP sensor using TiO₂-coating beads and that development of beads by molecular imprinting can be applied to analysis of chemicals other than 1-OHP.

일개 농촌지역의 초등학생과 주민에서 다환성 방향족 탄화수소와 톨루엔 노출이 요중 Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance 농도에 미치는 영향

김대선,이철호,엄상용,강택신,김용대,김헌,Kim, Dae-Seon,Lee, Chul-Ho,Eom, Sang-Yong,Kang, Tack-Shin,Kim, Yong-Dae,Kim, Heon 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Objectives : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toluene have been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study was performed to investigate the effects of low level exposure to PAHs or toluene on the lipid peroxidation level in elementary school children and the elderly in a rural area. Methods : Forty seven elementary school children and 40 elderly people who were living in a rural area and not occupationally exposed to PAH or toluene were the subjects of this study. Information about active or passive smoking and diet was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol, hippuric acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured, and these values were corrected with the urinary creatinine concentration. Results : In school children, the geometric means of the urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid and TBARS levels were $0.02\;{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, $0.47\;{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, 0.14 g/g creatinine and $0.95\;{\mu}mol/g$ creatinine, respectively. Those values for the elderly were $0.07{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, $1.87{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, 0.11 g/g creatinine and $1.18\;{\mu}mol/g$ creatinine, respectively. The mean levels of urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol and TBARS were significantly higher in the elderly subjects than in the children. The urinary TBARS level was not correlated with the urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol and hippuric acid, but they were correlated with the age of the subjects. Conclusions : These results suggest that low level inhalation exposure to PAH or toluene does not markedly increase lipid peroxidation, and age is a significant determinant of lipid peroxidation.