돼지 단위생식란의 세포사멸 유전자 발현 양상에 관한 연구

손종윤,김상환,정덕원,류춘열,윤종택 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The nature of molecular mechanisms governing embryonic cell block is largely unknown, but recent reports have demonstrated that proper execution of programmed cell death is crucial for this process. The main objective of this study is to determine effects of programmed cell death on porcine oocytes development in vitro after parthenogenesis. Among the blastocysts matured in 3MA, MAP1LC3A and ATG5 RNA gene expression level increased in the order of Cyst < 3MA < RP. However, Casp-3 and TNF-r RNA gene expression level decreased in the order of RP < 3MA < Cyst. Expression of mTOR within the RP-cultured blastocyst was the most highly to the inner cell mass, while 3MA-cultured blastocyst showed very lowest expression in inner cell mass. The expression of mTOR showed a pattern opposite to that of MAP1LC3A. That is, its expression was the lowest in Cyst group. When the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed in culture, the level of active MMP-9 was higher expression in the medium of each RP treatment group, with the level of another treatment group being relatively higher. Analyses of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 revealed that their expression was higher in groups that did not receive RP treatment. More specifically, the level of TIMP-2 was not affected by Cyst treatment, while the level of TIMP-3 was higher in 3MA and RP treatment group. There was highly cell division activation efficiency of parthenogenesis on cultured system of RP supplement IVC medium. Therefore, these results suggest that embryo development was significantly increased in conditional culture medium with active autophagy as compared to common cultured condition. Further investigation of this distinction may enable the development of innovative improvements for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

『허랜드』와 『클레프트족 이야기』: 남성 서술자가 바라본 여성만의 나라

박선화 ( Sunhwa Park ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2020 현대영미소설 Vol.27 No.3

This paper aims to examine Gilman and Lessing’s intention of creating a world of only women with parthenogenesis. This feminist utopian world is observed and represented by male narrators who are unreliable for they just rely on their memories and archives about the stories. In Herland, women have managed their land with parthenogenesis for 2,ooo years; with the visit of three American men, this land faces with turmoil, which makes the women plan to restore the society of both sexes they used to have. In The Cleft, the women as an original organism consist of their generations with parthenogenesis while killing every boy-baby at birth; the women-only land, however, is dismantled by a group of male survivors, which causes the women’s loss of their ability of parthenogenesis. In Herland and The Cleft, the male narrators reveal the suppression and violence of the patriarchical system toward the women. On the other hand, they criticize the women’s atrocity and violence towards the boy-babies and the lowest girls. This paper argues that regardless of the time difference of about 90 years, Gilman and Lessing’s narrators propose the harmonious coexistence of the both sexes by capturing the limitations and possibilities of the women-only land.

돼지 단위생식란의 세포사멸 유전자 발현 양상에 관한 연구

손종윤,김상환,정덕원,류춘열,윤종택 한국수정란이식학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The nature of molecular mechanisms governing embryonic cell block is largely unknown, but recent reports have demonstrated that proper execution of programmed cell death is crucial for this process. The main objective of this study is to determine effects of programmed cell death on porcine oocytes development in vitro after parthenogenesis. Among the blastocysts matured in 3MA, MAP1LC3A and ATG5 RNA gene expression level increased in the order of Cyst < 3MA < RP. However, Casp-3 and TNF-r RNA gene expression level decreased in the order of RP < 3MA < Cyst. Expression of mTOR within the RP-cultured blastocyst was the most highly to the inner cell mass, while 3MA-cultured blastocyst showed very lowest expression in inner cell mass. The expression of mTOR showed a pattern opposite to that of MAP1LC3A. That is, its expression was the lowest in Cyst group. When the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed in culture, the level of active MMP-9 was higher expression in the medium of each RP treatment group, with the level of another treatment group being relatively higher. Analyses of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 revealed that their expression was higher in groups that did not receive RP treatment. More specifically, the level of TIMP-2 was not affected by Cyst treatment, while the level of TIMP-3 was higher in 3MA and RP treatment group. There was highly cell division activation efficiency of parthenogenesis on cultured system of RP supplement IVC medium. Therefore, these results suggest that embryo development was significantly increased in conditional culture medium with active autophagy as compared to common cultured condition. Further investigation of this distinction may enable the development of innovative improvements for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Study on Productivity and Genotype Structure by Several Enzyme Loci of Silkworm(Bombyx mori L.) Parthenoclones Obtained by Thermal and Combined(Low-High Temperature) Method

Vasileva, Jolanda Bogdanova,Staykova, Teodora Atanasova,Tzenov, Panomir Ivanov Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to establish whether there are differences in the productivity of the same silkworm(Bombyx mori L.) parthenoclones, obtained by two different methods-thermal and combined, as well as to study their genotype structure by several enzyme loci. It was established that all individuals of parthenoclones Joana, Joana(${\downarrow}{\uparrow}$), Pohi and Pohi(${\downarrow}{\uparrow}$), are homozygous by the studied esterase and phosphoglucomutase loci, which substantiated the clones' genetic stability. By comparative analysis of some biological and technological properties, it was found that parthenoclone Pohi(${\downarrow}{\uparrow}$) obtained by low-high temperature activation is characterized by higher values of these properties as compared to parthenoclone Pohi obtained by thermal parthenogenesis. Comparing the two methods of inducing ameiotic parthenogenetic development, we would recommend that parthenoclone Joana is sustained by thermal parthenogenesis, and parthenoclone Pohi-by the combined method (low-high temperature).

Study on Productivity and Genotype Structure by Several Enzyme Loci of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Parthenoclones Obtained by Thermal and Combined (Low-High Temperature) Method

Jolanda Bogdanova Vasileva,Teodora Atanasova Staykova,Panomir Ivanov Tzenov 한국잠사학회 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to establish whether there are differences in the productivity of the same silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) parthenoclones, obtained by two different methods-thermal and combined, as well as to study their genotype structure by several enzyme loci. It was established that all individuals of parthenoclones Joana, Joana (↓↑), Pohi and Pohi (↓↑), are homozygous by the studied esterase and phosphoglucomutase loci, which substantiated the clones` genetic stability. By comparative analysis of some biological and technological properties, it was found that parthenoclone Pohi (↓↑) obtained by low-high temperature activation is characterized by higher values of these properties as compared to parthenoclone Pohi obtained by thermal parthenogenesis. Comparing the two methods of inducing ameiotic parthenogenetic development, we would recommend that parthenoclone Joana is sustained by thermal parthenogenesis, and parthenoclone Pohi-by the combined method (low-high temperature).

Toxicity of the recombinant human hyaluronidase ALT-BC4 on embryonic development

( Ji Hye Lee ),( Miyoun Yoo ),( Sang Mee Lee ),( Soon-jae Park ),( Tae Young Kil ),( Min Kyu Kim ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2

Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), which contain immature oocytes, are matured in vitro for in vitro embryo production. Oocyte and cumulus cells are then separated using hyaluronidase. To date, there have only been a few reported cases of the toxic effects of hyaluronidase on porcine oocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bovine testis-derived hyaluronidase and recombinant human hyaluronidase on oocyte denudation and quality. Porcine COCs were matured for 44 h and denuded using different hyaluronidase concentrations and exposure times. Then, oocytes were activated by electrical parthenogenesis. In experiment 1, COCs were denuded using bovine-derived, ovine-derived (Hirax), and human recombinant (ALT-BC4) hyaluronidases for 10 and 20 min. In experiment 2, bovine-derived and human recombinant (ALT-BC4 and ICSI Cumulase^®) hyaluronidases were used to denude the COCs for 2 and 20 min. In both experiments the oocytes were all completely denuded, and there was no degeneration. Rate of embryo development was significantly increased in group treated ALT-BC4 for 2 min and not significantly different in other treatment groups. In general it slightly decreased with longer exposure times. These results have confirmed that different sources of hyaluronidase do not have detrimental effects on the quality of porcine oocytes and suggest that the human recombinant hyaluronidase ALT-BC4 is suitable for oocyte denudation with an increased blastocyst rate.

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on In Vitro Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development after Parthenogenesis in Pigs

김민지,이은송,신혜지,이주형,이승태 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2017 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was designed to determine the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and early development of parthenogenesis (PA) embryos in pigs. Each IVM and IVC medium was supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 5 mM) of MSG and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) depending on the experimental design. Immature pig oocytes were matured for 44 h and then oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) stage were electrically activated to induce parthenogenesis (PA). When immature oocytes were treated with MSG in the absence of NEAA during IVM, nuclear maturation (83.1-87.1%), intra-oocyte glutathione content, cumulus expansion, and cleavage (91.4-93.4%) of PA embryos were not influenced by MSG treatment at all concentrations. However, blastocyst formation of PA embryos was significantly increased by 5.0 mM MSG (45.3 ± 6.2%) compared to control (25.6 ± 3.4%). MSG treatment during IVM in the presence of NEAA did not show significant effect on nuclear maturation of oocytes and blastocyst formation after PA while 0.5 mM MSG (89.3 ± 1.9%) decreased (P < 0.05) cleavage of PA embryos compared to 0.1 mM MSG (94.6 ± 1.1%). When PA embryos were treated for 7 days with MSG during IVC, 5.0 mM MSG significantly decreased blastocyst formation (27.8 ± 4.9%) compared to no treatment (41.4 ± 1.9%) while no decrease in blastocyst formation was observed in 0.1 and 0.5 mM (37.4 ± 3.4% and 34.4 ± 2.6%, respectively). Our results demonstrated that 5 mM MSG in a NEAA-free chemically defined maturation medium showed positive effect on PA embryonic development while 5 mM MSG treatment during IVC was deleterious to PA embryonic development in pigs.

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on In Vitro Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development after Parthenogenesis in Pigs

Minji Kim,Hyeji Shin,Joohyeong Lee,Eunsong Lee 한국수정란이식학회 2017 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was designed to determine the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and early development of parthenogenesis (PA) embryos in pigs. Each IVM and IVC medium was supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 5 mM) of MSG and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) depending on the experimental design. Immature pig oocytes were matured for 44 h and then oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) stage were electrically activated to induce parthenogenesis (PA). When immature oocytes were treated with MSG in the absence of NEAA during IVM, nuclear maturation (83.1-87.1%), intra-oocyte glutathione content, cumulus expansion, and cleavage (91.4-93.4%) of PA embryos were not influenced by MSG treatment at all concentrations. However, blastocyst formation of PA embryos was significantly increased by 5.0 mM MSG (45.3 ± 6.2%) compared to control (25.6 ± 3.4%). MSG treatment during IVM in the presence of NEAA did not show significant effect on nuclear maturation of oocytes and blastocyst formation after PA while 0.5 mM MSG (89.3 ± 1.9%) decreased (P < 0.05) cleavage of PA embryos compared to 0.1 mM MSG (94.6 ± 1.1%). When PA embryos were treated for 7 days with MSG during IVC, 5.0 mM MSG significantly decreased blastocyst formation (27.8 ± 4.9%) compared to no treatment (41.4 ± 1.9%) while no decrease in blastocyst formation was observed in 0.1 and 0.5 mM (37.4 ± 3.4% and 34.4 ± 2.6%, respectively). Our results demonstrated that 5 mM MSG in a NEAA-free chemically defined maturation medium showed positive effect on PA embryonic development while 5 mM MSG treatment during IVC was deleterious to PA embryonic development in pigs.

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on In Vitro Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development after Parthenogenesis in Pigs

Kim, Minji,Shin, Hyeji,Lee, Joohyeong,Lee, Seung Tae,Lee, Eunsong The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer 2017 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was designed to determine the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and early development of parthenogenesis (PA) embryos in pigs. Each IVM and IVC medium was supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 5 mM) of MSG and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) depending on the experimental design. Immature pig oocytes were matured for 44 h and then oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) stage were electrically activated to induce parthenogenesis (PA). When immature oocytes were treated with MSG in the absence of NEAA during IVM, nuclear maturation (83.1-87.1%), intra-oocyte glutathione content, cumulus expansion, and cleavage (91.4-93.4%) of PA embryos were not influenced by MSG treatment at all concentrations. However, blastocyst formation of PA embryos was significantly increased by 5.0 mM MSG ($45.3{\pm}6.2%$) compared to control ($25.6{\pm}3.4%$). MSG treatment during IVM in the presence of NEAA did not show significant effect on nuclear maturation of oocytes and blastocyst formation after PA while 0.5 mM MSG ($89.3{\pm}1.9%$) decreased (P < 0.05) cleavage of PA embryos compared to 0.1 mM MSG ($94.6{\pm}1.1%$). When PA embryos were treated for 7 days with MSG during IVC, 5.0 mM MSG significantly decreased blastocyst formation ($27.8{\pm}4.9%$) compared to no treatment ($41.4{\pm}1.9%$) while no decrease in blastocyst formation was observed in 0.1 and 0.5 mM ($37.4{\pm}3.4%$ and $34.4{\pm}2.6%$, respectively). Our results demonstrated that 5 mM MSG in a NEAA-free chemically defined maturation medium showed positive effect on PA embryonic development while 5 mM MSG treatment during IVC was deleterious to PA embryonic development in pigs.

『심벨린』에 나타난 단위생식 환상

박성만 ( Park Seong-man ) 대한영어영문학회 2003 영어영문학연구 Vol.29 No.2

Anthropologists have observed among certain peoples a custom according to which the father retires to bed while his child is being born and behaves as if he were in the throes of giving birth to it himself. This custom is called the couvade. I think Cymbeline might be regarded as one long couvade in the guise of a dramatic romance. My angle on the play is that it makes sense of the apparent conflict between the Cymbeline plot and the Posthumus plot ― a conflict that seems to consign the script to structural incoherence. On the face of it, the two plotlines are pulling in opposite directions and endorsing contradictory views of women and of men. Cymbeline acts out the oscillating pattern of the romances as a whole: the plot that would recover trust in the female is frustrated and baffled by the plot that would recover masculine authority; the two remain incompatible. And yet this very incompatibility allows the two plots to protect one another. < Jinju National University >