21세기 한국의 상황에서 이머징 교회의 선교적 가능성

김선일 ( Sun Il Kim ) 한국복음주의선교신학회 2011 복음과 선교 Vol.14 No.-

This paper is to review the cultural background and key characteristics of the so-called emerging churches, which originated in the postmodern American and British contexts, and to explore their relevance to the Korean context in the twenty-first century. Emerging church is an attempt to embody the life and message of the historical Jesus within the postmodern context. In addition to that, it is also deeply connected with cultural manifestations of a specific generation in the American context. Thus it is necessary to recognize the historical and cultural background with which emerging church leaders are confronted. Emerging church is seen in contrast to the seeker`s church which was a religious response to the culture of baby boomer generation, while emerging church is a response to the Gen-X culture. The baby boomer generation is generally considered to range from 1946 to 1964. Those who were born in this duration had to undergo social and cultural turmoils that their predecessors had never experienced. 1960s and 1970s in America were marked by a series of events that pursued human rights, rock`n roll, the value of free choice and so on. It was in this period that the majority of boomers grew up. Being saturated with a liberal ethos, the boomers felt the discrepancy between the Christian faith and their contemporary culture. Thus it is inevitable that many boomers left the church. When the boomers reached the mid-life, however, they began to retrospect on the trace of their life and ask its ultimate meaning. This period usually drives people to seek a religious value. It was since the mid 1980`s that the mid-life boomers took interest in religions again and the seeker`s church movement began to arise. The seeker`s worship was fit for this kind of potentially religious boomers in that it replaced the traditional symbols and rituals with culturally relevant programs such as drama, contemporary music, and the use of vernacular language in sermon. It was successful in drawing the boomers somehow. Just before and after the year 2000, the American churches were left with a new situation in which the children of the baby boomers entered the society as the main figures. They began to seek an utterly different style of religion. Being raised in the liberalistic context and absorbed into the postmodern values, they developed a longing for a different shape of Christian community. It can be said that emerging churches attempt to reflect the Gen-Xer`s desire for community, authentic experience, and generosity. Thus it can be assumed that in order to understand the emerging church properly we must recognize its surrounding generational culture and its preceding counterpart, which is the baby boomer culture. The key features of the emerging church vary depending on its critics. Gibbs and Bolger lists nine core practices of the emerging church based on in-depth interviews with its leaders. McKnight identifies five streams of river flowing into the emerging lake. Building upon their analyses, I would bring up four key areas that characterize the emerging church: (1) deconstructive evangelicalism, in that it tries to rule out the hierarchical system and doctrinal sectarianism of the church, and the individualistic view of salvation, (2) commitment to the historical Jesus, in that it take the life of Jesus into a serious consideration for their own faith development. (3) missional church, in that emerging church leaders unanimously place weight on the physicality and hospitality of the local churches within their vicinity. (4) recovery of the ancient spiritual practices, in that it seeks to be in touch with the profound and multisensory experience of spirituality beyonds rational knowledge of God and the bible study piety. Having established the cultural and religious understanding of the emerging church, this paper explores the possibility to apply its purports into the Korean context in terms of missiological concern. According to some studies of Korean culture, the contemporary Korean society has just turned the age of meaning pursuit. People are seeking a certain reality that can give them meaning and purpose to live beyonds the bounds of materialism and entertainment. It becomes apparent that a significant number of people pilgrim into temple stay or monastic retreat, even though they are not affiliated with those religious institutions. Also, Korean society becomes highly individualistic, but people are thirsty for meaningful connections. With this in mind, this paper recommends that both archetypal and contemporary Korean cultures could shares much in common with the concerns of emerging churches. These can also serve as the basis to consider the issues related with emerging churches within the Korean context from the missiological perspective. Rather than trying to replicate the external practices of emerging churches and worship, serious students and ministers may want to look back upon the inherent spiritual desire of the younger generation in Korea. Also, we need to take into account the paradoxical nature of godliness and freedom that can be compatible in the Christian ministry such as within the context of worship, nurturing, and communal living. In general, emerging Christians are active in finding spiritual sense by participating in the secular space while they are receptive of the contemplative and monastic way of spiritual expression. My overall contention is that the recent interest in the emerging church among the Korean church leaders should understand its cultural background first and learn its essential agenda that can be common to our context for missiological application. Emerging churches are worthwhile considering as far as we are faithfully eager to reach the emerging postmodern culture in Korea with the unchanging gospel of Jesus.

한국 교회 개혁을 위한 대안: 이머징(Emerging)교회 운동

양현표 ( Yang Hyun Phyo ) 한국복음주의신학회 2017 성경과신학 Vol.83 No.-

20세기 말엽, 미국 기독교 안에 “이머징교회”란 말이 등장했다. 이 말이 등장한 이후 폭넓은 논쟁과 더불어 20여년이 흘렀다. 그런데 한국 교회에 유입된 이머징교회 운동은 여러 면에서 왜곡되는 현상이 일어났다. 이머징교회운동의 좌측 진영인 이머전트 그룹을 이머징교회 전체로 여기는 오해로 인한 왜곡이다. 이머징교회 운동은 20세기 말엽부터 시작된 포스트모더니즘과 관련된다. 프리모던 시대에 중세교회가 출현했고, 모던 시대에 오늘날의 전통적 교회와 구도자 중심의 교회가 발생했다고 한다면, 포스트모더니즘의 출현과 더불어 이머징교회 운동이 발생했다. 이머징교회는 모던 세상에서 전성기를 누렸던 전통적인 교회나 구도자중심 교회가 포스트모던 세상 속에서는 더이상 살아남을 수 없다는 사실을 직시한 “젊은 복음주의자”들의 몸부림으로부터 시작되었다. 포스트모던이라는 시대 속에서 어떻게 하면 살아남을 수 있을까를 고민하며 자구책을 강구하고 있는 모든 교회들을 포함하는 하나의 거대한 우산이 이머징교회 운동이다. 한국사회도 포스트모더니즘을 피할 수 없다. 한국교회도 이러한 상황을 직시하고 인정해야 한다. 포스트모더니즘을 적으로 대할 것이 아니라 복음전파의 도구로 사용해야만 한다. 문화는 항상 복음과 적대적이자 동시에 복음 전파의 토양이었다. 교회는 문화를 사용하고 그 안에서 살아남아야 한다. 따라서 이머징교회가 되어야 한다. 오늘날 교회가 권위를 잃어버리고 신뢰를 잃어버린 중요한 이유는 교회가 이 시대를 읽지 못하기 때문임을 명심하고 포스트모던 사람들을 복음화하기 위해 이머징교회가 되어야 한다. 물론 이머전트그룹은 받아들일 수 없다. 결국 오늘날 한국 교회의 위기를 극복하고 회복할 수 있는 대안은 이머징교회 운동의 중도 그룹에 위치한 선교적 교회(Missional Church) 운동이다. 시대적 변화에 적응하지 못하고 여전히 스스로의 아성과 만족에 빠져 있으며, 다음 세대를 이해하지 못하고 세속화에 빠져 있는 한국 교회는 진정한 개혁을 필요로 한다. 한국적 종교개혁이 필요한 시점이다. 이머징교회 운동은 그 개혁을 위한 한 방편이 될 수 있다. Late in the 20th century, the term “the emerging church” appeared in American Christianity. Since then, for over 20 years, it has been a topic of wide debate. This debate has carried over to the Korean church, where the characterization of the, emerging church movement has been distorted in many ways. This distortion has been caused by the conflation of the Emergent Group (the far left camp of the emerging church movement) with the whole of the emerging church movement. In reality, emerging church movements came out of postmodernity in the late 20th century. It is analogous to the medieval church, which came out of the pre-modern era, and the traditional and seeker-centered churches that came out of the modern era. It came as a response to the struggle of “younger evangelicals” who found that the traditional and seeker-centered churches were no longer able to address the concerns of a postmodern world. Thus, the emerging church movement is a wide umbrella that covers all churches that are trying to find new ways to adapt and survive in the postmodern era. Korean society is not immune to this postmodern era and its influences - a reality that the Korean Church needs to face and acknowledge. History has shown that while culture can often be hostile to the gospel, it is also the soil in which the gospel can be preached. Thus, the Church must use culture to its advantage and for its survival. Korean churches in particular must not regard postmodernity as an enemy of Christianity but as a means of evangelization. In short, the Korean church must become an emerging church. This will address a primary cause of the loss of authority and trust that today’s Korean church has suffered: it’s inability to “read” and adapt to the contemporary postmodern culture. Of course, all Emergent Group positions are unacceptable. An alternative emerging church movement that Korean churches should embrace to overcome this crisis is the Missional Church Movement, a movement that occupies a middle space in the emerging church movement. The Korean church is in need of true reform: it is unable to adapt to the changes in culture, stuck in its own desires and self-satisfaction, and susceptible to secularization without an understanding of the next generation. It is time for the reformation of the Korean Church. The emerging church movement gives a model for this reform.

이머징 교회와 그것의 한국적 전개 가능성에 대한 비판적 고찰

최동규 한국실천신학회 2012 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.32

이 연구의 목적은 서구 사회에서 일어나고 있는 이머징 교회 운동을 복음주의적 관점에서 분석하고, 그것을 한국적 상황과 비교하면서 한국교회의 미래적 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이머징 교회 운동은 복음주의 안에서, 모더니즘이 부정적으로 작용한 결과로 빚어진 왜곡된 교회의 모습을 갱신하려는 노력이다. 달리 말해서, 이머징 교회는 복음과 교회됨의 본질을 추구하며, 그것을 포스트모던 문화적 상황 속에서 표현하려는 신앙운동의 산물이다. 하지만 이 운동은 현재 서구의 기독교 세계에서 찬반양론을 유발하는 뜨거운 감자로 부각해 있다. 그 운동이 지닌 의도의 순수성과 열정을 높이 사고 그 운동을 통해서 침체된 기독교를 갱신하고 새로운 활력을 불어넣어 줄 동력으로 평가하는 움직임이 있는 반면 진리에 대한 상대주의와 신비주의적 영성, 포용주의적 선교 태도를 문제 삼아 복음주의의 이단아로 정죄하려는 움직임도 있다. 그러나 이머징 교회가 이제 막 자라기 시작했으며, 계속 진화하고 있기 때문에 격려와 비판이라는 균형적 시각에 입각하여 이머징 교회 운동의 전개과정을 신중하게 바라볼 필요가 있다. 이머징 교회 비판과 관련해서 두 가지를 지적할 필요가 있다. 첫째는 이머징 교회 운동이 폭넓은 스펙트럼을 가지고 있으므로 그 가운데에서 옥석을 가릴 필요가 있다는 것이다. 수정주의자의 입장은 정통신학과 전통 교회의 구조와 틀을 완전히 바꾸려고 하기 때문에 쉽게 받아들이기 어렵다. 그러나 재건주의자들은 전통교회가 수용하기 어려운 사역을 펼치고 있지만 정통주의 신학을 그대로 유지하고 있다는 점에서 얼마든지 그들의 입장에 동의할 수 있다. 게다가 기존 교회의 신앙과 구조를 그대로 유지하면서 사역의 혁신을 추구하는 연결주의자의 입장은 얼마든지 수용 가능하다. 둘째는 이머징 교회가 앞으로 건전하게 발전하기 위해서는 앞에서 언급한 두 가지 강조점 가운데 선교적 교회가 되는 데에 무게중심을 두어야 한다는 것이다. 오늘날 교회의 선교적 본질이 제대로 실천되지 않고 있기는 하지만 선교적 교회론이 전통적인 교회론과 충돌하는 것은 아니기 때문이다. 반면에 포스트모던 문화에 적합한 교회가 되려는 것은 포스트모던 문화의 가치를 절대시하고 그것에 모든 목회적 혹은 신앙적 행위를 맞추려는 것으로 왜곡될 수 있다. 한국교회 안에는 복음에 대한 열정과 제자도, 교회개척과 같은 이머징 교회의 가치를 추구하는 교회들이 많이 있다. 그러나 그 교회들이 부분적으로 이머징 교회와 유사한 면을 가지고 있기는 하지만 그것을 제외하면 다른 점이 더 많다. 특별히 포스트모던 문화 혹은 최소한 새롭게 일어나는 문화의 맥락에서 불신자들을 대상으로 세워진 교회들은 쉽게 찾기 어렵다. 그러나 지금까지 한국교회가 서구로부터 계속 영향을 받아왔다는 점을 고려할 때 머지않아 이머징 교회의 영향이 우리에게도 미칠 것이라는 점은 분명해 보인다. 따라서 그 운동을 정확히 이해하고 장단점을 정확히 파악하여 적용할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the emerging church in Western societies from an evangelical perspective, compare it with similar Christian ministries in Korea and suggest a few insights for the future of the Korean church. In the evangelical area, the emerging church movement strives to renew the church that has been distorted by the negative aspects of modernity. It is a product of Christian efforts to amalgamate the nature of the gospel and the church into a postmodern context. The emerging church is a huge controversy in Western societies. While some consider it as a dynamic force for healing the stagnancy of Christianity, others regard it as a heretic of evangelicalism by questioning its relativistic approach of truth, its mystical spirituality and its inclusivist attitude toward other religions. However, because the emerging church is just beginning to grow, we need to carefully observe its development while keeping a balance between encouragement and criticism. The following are my two critical opinions in relation to the emerging church. First, because it has a wide spectrum of expression, we should distinguish between what is acceptable and what is non-acceptable. On one hand, the stance of revisionists cannot be accepted easily because they try to completely change the orthodox theology and the frames of traditional churches. On the other hand, reconstructionists can be agreed with because they keep orthodox theology, though their ministries differ greatly from those of traditional churches. Furthermore, relevants are accepted because they seek to innovate current ministries while keeping the beliefs and organizational systems of existing churches. Second, for further healthy development, the emerging church should focus on being missional rather than being relevant to the postmodern culture. Even though today’s churches do not practice their missionary nature, missional ecclesiology does collide with traditional ecclesiology. Attempts to be relevant to the postmodern culture can be distorted when absolutizing postmodern values and conforming Christian values to them. Korea has many churches that passionately seek the gospel, sincere discipleship and church multiplication, which are values of the emerging church. However, their pursuit is limited to only a part of the diverse values that the emerging church seeks. In fact, they are more different than similar to the emerging church. It is difficult to find unbelieving people-oriented churches in the postmodern or the newly emerging culture. When considering the influence of the Western church on the Korean church, it is clear the Korean church will soon follow the path of the emerging church. Therefore, the Korean church needs to correctly understand the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging church movement.

현대 이머징 교회 운동에 대한 연구 : Jim Belcher의 Deep Church에 대한 이해와 평가

이상흥 한국복음주의실천신학회 2013 복음과 실천신학 Vol.27 No.-

The emerging church movement is one of movements how the church identifies its identity and performs its mission in the postmodern era. The emerging movement is divided into three categories - “Relevants”, “Reconstructionists,”, and “Revisionists.” In spite of the diversity of emerging churches, the understanding and evaluation of the emerging church movement introduced into Korean churches are negative and unbalanced. The reason is most of critiques are concentrated on “Revisionists” and “Reconstructionists.” Therefore to get a more balanced understanding and evaluation of the emerging church movement, we need a holistic understanding and evaluation of the three sub-movements. This study is to identify the characteristics of the third way of Jim Belcher, which is the characteristics of “Relevants” within the emerging church movement by analyzing distinctions of the view of truth, evangelism, gospel, worship, preaching, ecclesiology, and culture between traditional church and emerging church with his view of Reformed tradition. In the emerging church movements, “Relevants” try to keep the essence and the mission of the church without compromising with postmodernism by keeping the reformed theological tradition. This study provides a more balanced understanding and evaluation of the misunderstood movement. This also provides important insights to the secularized Korean Church and as a result marginalized by the consequences of modernism and the emerging postmodern culture.

A Study on Historical Development and Main Themes of the Emerging Church

Lee, Gil-Pyo 한국실천신학회 2010 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.25

The Emerging Church’ is a contemporary Christian issue among Christians who are interested in understanding the church in terms of its origin, its essence, how it should be looked like, or how it must be working in the midst of the world. Broader term of ‘the emerging church’ is ‘missional church.’ The emerging church is one type of missional church. The phenomenon that various types of churches keep coming up means many churches do not function its own original roles. That is why Christian leaders, scholars or pastors try to describe the biblical church with different terms. The emerging church is a church came out because modern or traditional church has not well communicated the gospel with the postmodern people. The emerging church puts all their energy to create, develop, and innovate the tools or ways of communicating the gospel because there are numbers of shifts taking place in our world. The shifts are the way people understand science, the way people acknowledge the objective truth, and attitude toward spirituality. So the emerging church provides “Vintage” theology, continual theologizing, different ways of measuring success. This study will look at all these themes in more detail.

댄 킴볼(Dan Kimball)의 교회론과 한국적 이머징 교회 연구

허대영 ( Hu Dae Young ),황병준 ( Hwang Byung-june ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2021 영산신학저널 Vol.- No.55

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 시대와 포스트 코로나 시대의 한국 사회 속에서 새로운 교회 패러다임의 중요성이 부각 되는 가운데 북미를 중심으로 일어난 이머징 교회 운동(Emerging Church Movement)의 패러다임을 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 댄 킴볼(Dan Kimball)의 교회론을 고찰하고 뉴 이머징 세대와 포스트 코로나 시대의 한국적 이머징 교회론의 적용 가능성을 연구하고자 한다. 4차 산업혁명 시대에 접어들면서 세상은 모든 분야에서 빠르게 변하고 있는데 교회는 시대와 세대의 변화에 둔감하여 과거에 멈추어진 장소가 되며 존재감을 잃어버렸다. 또한 2020년 코로나19의 출현과 확산은 4차 산업혁명 시대의 급변하는 한국의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화를 다시금 변화시켰다. 교회의 본질과 방향은 변화되어서는 안 된다. 그러나 문화와 사역은 시대에 따라 변화한다. 따라서 본 연구자는 포스트 코로나 시대의 흐름 속에 한국교회를 이머징 신학적으로 재해석하고 목회 현장과 교회 패러다임 변화를 고찰할 것이다. 본 논문의 구성 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 댄 킴볼의 교회론을 살펴볼 것이다. 둘째, 현재 한국교회 가운데 이머징 교회 운동을 통하여 뉴 이머징 세대와 포스트 코로나 시대를 주도하는 교회를 탐방하고 분석 평가하여 실현 가능성을 검증할 것이다. 셋째, 한국적 이머징 교회 운동을 위한 뉴 이머징 교회와 뉴·공·감 예배와 설교 그리고 뉴 이머징 세대와 코로나19 이후의 뉴노멀(New-Normal) 전도와 양육을 방향성으로 제시할 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 새로운 세대의 문화 속에 과감한 변화를 결단하고 도전하고자 하는 한국교회에 도움이 되고, 포스트 코로나시대의 뉴 이머징 세대가 한국적 이머징 교회를 통해 하나님을 경험하고 삶 속에서 예수를 따라 사는 능동적인 신앙생활을 실천하며, 선교적 삶을 실현하는데 기여하고자 한다. The purpose of this research is to examine the paradigm of the Emerging Church Movement in the United States, as well as the significant contributions it can make in the context of Korean society during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the so-called post-COVID era. This research also examines the applicability of the emerging church in the Korean context through the ecclesiology of Dan Kimball, a representative figure of the emerging church movement. The 4th Industrial Revolution has rapidly changed the world in all fields, but the church remains insensitive to changes through time and generations. The church has lost its presence in society by becoming a relic of the past, and has lost its identity as a positive influence to society and culture. In addition, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly influenced Korea’s processes of changing political, economic, and social culture in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The fundamental nature of the church should not be changed, but the methodologies and forms of ministry have changed with the times. This research reinterprets the Korean church from the perspective of an emerging theology and examines changes in the pastoral field. The thesis is organized as follows. First, Dan Kimball’s ecclesiology is introduced. The writer examines worship, preaching, evangelism, and nurturing in the Vintage Faith Church where Kimball currently serves. The second part analyzes the churches that lead the New Emerging Generation in the post-COVID era through the emerging church movement in the Korean context and evaluates the feasibility of these churches’ methods. Third, the writer provides practical suggestions for the pastoral care, mission, worship, and preaching for the emerging generation and the era of the “new normal.” The Korean church needs to be transformed from the old paradigm to the new in the midst of rapid changes in the world. This research is intended to support Korean churches which face challenges so that the new emerging generation may experience God through the church, encourage a proactive life in Jesus, and inspire the vision of a missional life.

이머징 교회 운동 패러다임에 관한 연구 - 문화코드, 리더십, 셀 그룹, 전도개념을 중심으로-

황병준 한국실천신학회 2014 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.38

본 연구는 최근 교회운동으로 주목받는 이머징 교회운동을 이 교회운동 선두주자들의 신학적 이해를 소개하면서, 한국교회 적용가능성을 4가지 유형(문화코드, 리더십, 셀그룹, 전도개념)으로 분석하고자 한다. 미래교회의 방향성은 시대성을 반영한다. 미래교회 트렌드를 읽어 내려가는 것은 절대적 진리를 부정하는 것이 아니라 시대와 사람을 읽어내는 작업이다. 레너드 스윗(Leonard Sweet)은 포스트모던 세대의 문화적 양식을 네 가지로 요약 설명하였다. 스윗에 의하면, 이들의 문화적 양식은 체험적(Experiential), 참여적(Participatory), 이미지 지향적(Image-driven), 관계적인(connected) 특징을 가진다. 이러한 요소는 포스트모던 세대의 특징을 나타내는 것으로 미래교회가 진리를 선포하고 가르치고 치유하는 일에 반영되어야 할 특징들이다. 오늘날 한국 현대교회에 대한 많은 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 1517년 종교개혁의 태동과 비슷하게 한국교회를 향한 반성의 목소리는 계속되고 있다. 500년 동안 개신교는 산업과 지식의 발전, 문명의 진화를 통해 변화하는 사람들에게 ‘진리와 교회됨’을 역설해 왔다. 그러나 한국교회만 하더라도 이제는 사회와 국민이 교회를 걱정하는 목소리를 내게 되었다. 이머징교회는 포스트모던 세대를 대상으로 한다. 현대문명은 AD 1500-2000년까지 모더니티(modernity)의 사고 철학에서 영향을 받았다. 기독교 신학도 모더니티의 영향 속에 변해 왔다. 이러한 모더니티의 영향 이후 우리는 현재 포스트모더니티(post modernity)의 시대에 살아간다. 현대교회와 미래교회의 구분이 바로 여기에 있다. 현대교회가 모더니티의 신학, 철학, 교의학, 교회론에 근거해서 형성되었다면, 이머징교회는 포스트모더니티의 신학, 철학, 문화, 교회론의 영향 아래 재해석되는 교회이다. 본 연구는 여러 학자들의 의견을 중심으로 조심스럽게 한국교회에 이머징 교회 패러다임을 소개하고자 한다. 먼저, 이 연구의 기초는 미국, 영국, 호주 등 포스트모던 세대를 대상으로 한 이머징 교회 연구를 기반으로 하며, 최근 이머징 교회운동을 4가지의 형태로 구분으로 설명한다. 이후 이머징 교회의 선두주자들의 신학과 교회론을 소개한다. 마지막으로 이머징 교회의 패러다임을 4가지의 큰 유형 안에서 그 특징들을 논할 것이다. 첫째, 이머징 세대들의 문화코드 변화와 이머징교회 예배의 변화, 둘째, 리더십 패러다임의 변화, 셋째, 셀그룹 제자화도의 개념 변화, 넷째, 전도 개념 전환이다. 이러한 유형구분에 따라 이머징 교회특징을 분석하면서 한국교회 적용가능성을 논하고자 한다. The purpose of the study is to articulate the emerging church movement, which is currently occurring to as a recent church movement in the US, UK, Australia and to analyze its possibility to apply to the Korean church. The direction of the future church should be applied by the stream of the times. What we understand the trend of the future church is not to deny the gospel truth but to understand the post-modern generation. Leonard Sweet stresses four culture patterns of the post-modern generation. According to Sweet, their culture patterns are experiential, participatory, image-driven, and connected. These patterns are the characteristics of the post-modern generation that future church should recognize for leading and teaching the next generation. Today, there are many problematic things pointed by others to the Korean modern church. There are critical voices to criticize the Korean church like the reformation movement starting in 1715. For 500 years, the protestant churches have stressed on 'the truth and being a church' to the world. But now it is different. Rather, the society worries about the Korean church. Thus, this study is to discuss the trend of future church, the emerging church and find its possibility applying to the Korean church. The literatures of the study are based on the scholars' theories and the practicers in the fields such as emerging churches in the US, UK, and Australia. This study will address a recent church movement, emerging church, and four types of the emerging church. Then, it will introduce six frontiers of the emerging church and their ecclesiology. Next, four dimensions of the movement will be discussed: post-modern generations, culture code, leadership paradigm, and cell group change. Moreover, the characteristics of the emerging church will be discussed in the contents of worship, preaching, evangelism, laity leadership. Finally, it will discuss the possibility of the emerging church movement applying to the Korean church.

논문 : 소규모 개신교회를 위한 공간과 예배의 탐구 - 초기교회 유형으로서의 Dura-Europos와 이머징 예배를 중심으로 -

최영현 ( Young Hyun Choi ) 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2015 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.28

The church growth movement and the megachurch mentality have helped Korean Protestant churches grow in numbers phenomenally. But these consumer driven churches have lost sight of original church purposes. The small Protestant churches, pursuing growth blindly rather than maturely need to renew themselves, with an alternate theology for worship and the differences between church buildings. The emerging church movement itself can be an alternate type of churches. It is a faith transformation movement that challenges many modern trends of prosperity in theology and its practices. This movement can appeal to small churches which tend to reconsider their theological and issues with church practices by proposing back to the early Christian church worship and life. This research aims to examine common characteristics, first being it between the early Christian church and the emerging church movement group. Both seek an approach to being a church by going through to renounce the hierarchical system, making the church transitioning from the center to the margin, a moving community that goes from a community of control to a community of witness, and maintain institution to community. Acoustic archaeology shows that the house-like church, Dura-Europos was more suitable for meeting and preaching than larger church buildings like the basilicas. The acoustic study demonstrates that these house-like churches were not suited to the needs of the new stage of Christianity. It is suggested that the Korean small Protestant churches need to adopt the theology of the emerging church movement to find their own ways to recover the early churches` theology and practice for communal life.

A Study on Historical Development and Main Themes of the Emerging Church

이길표 한국실천신학회 2010 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.25

The Emerging Church’ is a contemporary Christian issue among Christians who are interested in understanding the church in terms of its origin, its essence, how it should be looked like, or how it must be working in the midst of the world. Broader term of ‘the emerging church’ is ‘missional church.’ The emerging church is one type of missional church. The phenomenon that various types of churches keep coming up means many churches do not function its own original roles. That is why Christian leaders, scholars or pastors try to describe the biblical church with different terms. The emerging church is a church came out because modern or traditional church has not well communicated the gospel with the postmodern people. The emerging church puts all their energy to create, develop, and innovate the tools or ways of communicating the gospel because there are numbers of shifts taking place in our world. The shifts are the way people understand science, the way people acknowledge the objective truth, and attitude toward spirituality. So the emerging church provides “Vintage” theology, continual theologizing, different ways of measuring success. This study will look at all these themes in more detail.

이머징 워십의 예배학적 이해

조기연 한국실천신학회 2009 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.20

현대예배를 통하여 폭발적 교회성장을 이뤘던 미국의 메가쳐치들에서 젊은이들이 빠져나가기 시작하면서 현대예배가 젊은이들에게는 맞지 않는다는 사실이 인식되었다. 원인을 분석한 결과 현재 10대 후반에서 30대 초반의 젊은이들은 그 부모들의 예배인 현대예배를 싫어한다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 왜냐하면 현대예배는 마치 80년대 MTV의 ‘토요일밤의 쇼’를 보는 것처럼 지나치게 짜여져 있고, 수동적이며, 뭔가 강요하는 느낌이 든다는 것이다. 이머징워십은 포스토모던 시대의 이머징세대를 위해 탄생된 새로운 예배방식이다. 시대적으로 볼 때에 현대예배가 베이비부머들에게 크게 흥미를 끌었다면, 이머징워십은 이머징세대에게 크게 흥미를 끄는 예배형태이다. 이머징워십은 다음 열 가지의 특징을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 수동적인 관객 형태의 예배모임으로부터 탈피를 추구한다. 둘째, 예배모임을 유기적으로 디자인한다. 셋째, 예배모임을 위해 성스러운 공간을 구성한다. 넷째, 예배모임에 있어서 다감각적 접근을 추구한다. 다섯째, 예배에서 움직일 수 있는 자유가 있다. 여섯째, 두드러지게 드러나는 스타가 존재하지 않는다. 일곱째, 고대 교회의 것들을 추구하며 보다 전통적인 기독교 형태로 회귀하려 추구한다. 여덟째, 기도를 중요시하고 강조한다. 아홉째, 성만찬은 이머징워십의 중심적인 요소이다. 마지막으로, 이머징워십에서는 예배의 중심이 예수라는 사실이 강조된다.이머징워십은 그 내용에 있어서 매우 좋은 예배라고 평가된다. 말씀과 성찬의 이중구조, 고대교회의 영성을 회복하려는 노력, 또 회중의 능동적 참여를 우선적인 가치로 여기는 것 등이 이러한 평가를 가능하게 한다. 이머징워십에는 사도신경이나 니케아신경도 있고 참회의 기도와 사죄의 확신도 있으며, 매주 성만찬이 있다. 그러면서도 여전히 신디사이저나 드럼을 사용하며 찬송곡도 CCM 등에서 가져온다. 이는 예배의 내용은 복음에 충실하면서도 예배표현의 방법에 있어서는 포스트모던 시대를 사는 젊은이들의 정서에 호소하려는 노력의 결과로 보인다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때에 현대예배 위주의 현 한국교회 상황에서 이머징워십의 도입이 기대된다. Megachurches, which had achieved a great explosion in population through the contemporary worship, has failed in keeping the young generations within the Churches. The reason why the young people seceded from the Churches was that the worship of the megachurches were like watching a rerun of a 1980's TV show over and over again. All they could do in the worship service was to passively sitting in their seats. And also, the small group programs of the church felt so controlled and superficial.Emerging worship is a new form of worship came into being by the ‘Emerging generation’ of the Post-modern age. The Emerging generation was interested in the Emerging worship while the baby boomers were interested in the Contemporary worship.Emerging worship has ten characteristics: 1. Emergiging worship seeks to avoid the ‘passive audience type of worship.’ 2. Emerging worship organically designs the worship service. 3. Emerging worship seeks a multi sensory approach. 4. Emerging worship allows the participants to move freely in worship service. 6. There is no distinguished leader in Emerging worship. 7. Emerging worship appreciates the heritage of the ancient Church. 8. Emerging worship emphasizes prayer in worship service. 9. The Lord's Supper is a central part of Emerging worship. 10. Emerging worship emphasizes the centrality of Jesus Christ in wroship service.These characteristics of Emerging worship endows it with good liturgical evaluation in contents and method. Especially in the dual structure of the Word and Sacrament, endeavor to recover the spirituality of the ancient Church, Emphasis on the active participation of the congregation.There are Creeds(Apostle’s Creed or Nicene Creed), Confessions and Pardons, and the Lord’s Table in every Sunday worship service in Emerging worship. In the meantime, it employs Syndicizers, Drums, and CCM. This means that the Emerging worship pursuits to appeal to the young generation of the Post modern age while it stands firmly on the ground of the Gospel. This can be the reason why the introduction of the Emerging worship into the Korean Church is expected.