6도체 무볼트형 Spacer Damper의 진동현상에 관한 연구

김영달 한국조명전기설비학회 2003 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.17 No.3

Sparer damper는 다도체 송전선로에서 각 소도체 간의 간격을 유지시켜 주며, 전기적 및 기계적인 외부 요인들에 의해 발생되어진 진동에너지로부터 파생되어지는 각종 피해로부터 전선을 보호하기 위해 적절한 간격을 두고 설치된다. 송전선로에서 발생되어진 진동현상의 결과에 의해 전선의 소손 또는 단선 등의 사고를 방지 및 유지 보수시 어려움을 충분히 감안하여 최적의 요소기술을 구현하는 것이 가장 중요하다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 Spacer damper에 대한 진동특성 해석은 도선 운동의 지배방정식, Spacer damper의 운동방정식, Spacer damper가 체결된 전선의 경간 내 운동, 정적 처짐 해석 및 유한 차분법에 의한 수치해석 등의 해석적인 방법을 이용하여 정립하였다. 또한 실제 상황에 따라 수시로 변화되는 각종 진동현상을 시뮬레이션하여 Spacer damper의 설치 간격을 검토 하였으며, 새로이 얻어진 해석적인 방법을 토대로 향 후 765kV 송전선로용 6도체 무볼트형 Spacer damper의 각종 진동현상을 해석 할 수 있을 것이다. Spacer dampers maintain the constant gaps between each conductor in a bundle conductor-transmission line, and are installed at proper intervals to keep a line from all sorts of damages derived from the vibration energy caused by mechanical or electrical external factors. It is most important to embody a technology which considers difficulties of maintenance and repair, and has optimum elements in order to prevent accidents such as destruction by fire or the snapping of a wire by the effect of vibration phenomenon coming from transmission lint In the resent thesis, therefore, the analysis of vibratory characteristics of spacer damper is set up by analytical methods such as the analysis of conductor motion's governing equation, the equation of spacer damper's motion, spacer damper-fastened wire's motion in a span and the numerical analysis of finite difference method. Furthermore, the installation distance between spacer dampers was scrutinized by simulations of various vibration phenomena which change at any time as actual conditions do, and hereafter difference method. Furthermore, the installation distance between spacer dampers was scrutinized by simulations of various vibration phenomena which change at any time as actual conditions do, and hereafter we will be able to analyze all kinds of vibration phenomena coming from a boltless spacer damper with 6 bundle conductor for 765kV transmission line based on new analytical methods.

SAFE댐퍼 보강골조의 구조성능 실험적 평가

소병찬,이창환,주영규 한국공간구조학회 2015 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.15 No.1

SAFE damper is a hybrid damper which is comprised of a friction damper and a metallic damper. These two dampers combine to resist external energy in stages. Under minor earthquake loads, the friction damper operates alone. However, the friction damper and metallic damper dissipate the energy together when a severe earthquake occurs. In comparison with other methods for seismic retrofitting, the SAFE damper has many advantages. The SAFE damper doesn’t cause damage to façade of the building, and the construction period can be reduced when retrofitting. This paper describes experiments evaluating the structural performance of the SAFE damper. From the results, it was found that the structural performance of a conventional RC bare frame can be significantly improved by the installation of the SAFE damper.

SAFE댐퍼 보강골조의 구조성능 실험적 평가

소병찬,이창환,주영규 한국공간구조학회 2015 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.15 No.1

SAFE damper is a hybrid damper which is comprised of a friction damper and a metallic damper. These two dampers combine to resist external energy in stages. Under minor earthquake loads, the friction damper operates alone. However, the friction damper and metallic damper dissipate the energy together when a severe earthquake occurs. In comparison with other methods for seismic retrofitting, the SAFE damper has many advantages. The SAFE damper doesn’t cause damage to façade of the building, and the construction period can be reduced when retrofitting. This paper describes experiments evaluating the structural performance of the SAFE damper. From the results, it was found that the structural performance of a conventional RC bare frame can be significantly improved by the installation of the SAFE damper.

SAFE댐퍼 보강골조의 구조성능 실험적 평가

소병찬,이창환,주영규,So, Byeong-Chan,Lee, Chang-Hwan,Ju, Young-Kyu 한국공간구조학회 2015 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.15 No.1

SAFE damper is a hybrid damper which is comprised of a friction damper and a metallic damper. These two dampers combine to resist external energy in stages. Under minor earthquake loads, the friction damper operates alone. However, the friction damper and metallic damper dissipate the energy together when a severe earthquake occurs. In comparison with other methods for seismic retrofitting, the SAFE damper has many advantages. The SAFE damper doesn't cause damage to facade of the building, and the construction period can be reduced when retrofitting. This paper describes experiments evaluating the structural performance of the SAFE damper. From the results, it was found that the structural performance of a conventional RC bare frame can be significantly improved by the installation of the SAFE damper.

Full-scale test of dampers for stay cable vibration mitigation and improvement measures

Zhou, Haijun,Xiang, Ning,Huang, Xigui,Sun, Limin,Xing, Feng,Zhou, Rui Techno-Press 2018 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.5 No.4

This paper reported test of full-scale cables attached with four types of dampers: viscous damper, passive Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper, friction damper and High Damping Rubber (HDR) damper. The logarithmic decrements of the cable with attached dampers were calculated from free vibration time history. The efficiency ratios of the mean damping ratios of the tested four dampers to theoretical maximum damping ratio were derived, which was very important for practical damper design and parameter optimization. Non-ideal factors affecting damper performance were discussed based on the test results. The effects of concentrated mass and negative stiffness were discussed in detail and compared theoretically. Approximate formulations were derived and verified using numerical solutions. The critical values for non-dimensional concentrated mass coefficient and negative stiffness were identified. Efficiency ratios were approximately 0.6, 0.6, and 0.3 for the viscous damper, passive MR damper and HDR damper, respectively. The efficiency ratio for the friction damper was between 0-1.0. The effects of concentrated mass and negative stiffness on cable damping were positive as both could increase damping ratio; the concentrated mass was more effective than negative stiffness for higher vibration modes.

부가질량형 감쇠기의 현장실험을 통한 동특성추정

김홍진,조지성,주석준,황재승 한국풍공학회 2010 한국풍공학회지 Vol.14 No.1

For a secondary mass damper using liquid such as Tuned Mass Damper(TMD) or Tuned Liquid Column Damper(TLCD), it is impossible to fabricate the damper in factory for the identification of dynamic properties. Also, it is not easy to pre-fabricate a concrete Tuned Mass Damper(TMD) in factory, in which the moving mass is made of concrete. In this paper, a identification method of dynamic properties of secondary mass dampers based on in-situ experiment is presented. A decoupled equation of motion is derived from a coupled equation of motion of building and damper. The decoupled equation of motion is then applied to the system identification using the response of damper as an input and the response of building as an output. The proposed method is applied to numerical examples and an actual TMD and TLCD installed in buildings. TLD(Tuned Liquid Damper)나 TLCD(Tuned Liquid Column Damper)와 같이 액체를 질량체로 사용하는 부가질량형 감쇠기의 경우 동특성추정을 위하여 실제 크기의 진동제어기를 공장에서 제작하여 실험하는 것이 불가능하다. 또한 TMD(Tuned Mass Damper)의 질량체를 콘크리트로 사용하는 콘크리트 TMD의 경우에도 공장실험에서 콘크리트를 타설할 수 없기 때문에 완성된 TMD의 정확한 동적특성을 파악하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 공장 가조립을 통한 실험을 실시하여 동적특성을 추정하기 어려운 경우에 대하여 현장실험을 통한 동특성추정 기법에 관하여 소개하고자 한다. 이를 위해 건물과 진동제어기의 연계된 운동방정식(Coupled equation of motion)으로부터 비연계 운동방정식(Decoupled equation of motion)을 유도한다. 유도된 비연계 운동방정식을 기반으로 건물의 응답과 진동제어기의 응답을 각각 시스템식별을 위한 입력과 출력으로 하여 일반적인 시스템기법을 이용하여 동특성을 추정할 수 있도록 한다.

준능동 진동 제어를 위한 MR 감쇠기의 동적 모델링을 통한 특성분석

허광희,전승곤 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2013 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.6

본 연구에서는 준능동 진동 제어를 위한 MR 감쇠기의 동적 모델링을 통한 특성을 분석 및 평가하였다. 실제 구조물 크기의 모형구조물을 진동제어하기 위하여 Semi-active 성능의 MR Damper를 설계/제작 하였다. 일반적으로 MR Damper를 이용한 준능동 제어 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 감쇠장치의 발생 감쇠력 및 거동 성향 등의 데이터를 수치적으로 나타낼 수 있는 동적 모델이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MR Damper의 동적거동을 예측/평가 할 수 있는 모델링을 하기 위하여 다양한 동적 모델 중Power 모델 및 Bingham 모델을 적용하였다. 이때 동적 모델과 비교/평가하기 위하여 개발된 MR Damper의 동하중 실험을 수행하였다. 동하중 실험조건은 가진 주파수를(0.15Hz, 1.0Hz, 2.0Hz) 선정하고, 주파수별 각각 3가지씩 가진 속도를 달리하여, 변위가 감쇠력에 미치는 영향력을 확인하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 MR Damper의 동하중실험 결과를 적용하여 각 동적 모델 별 모델변수를 규명하였고, 이를 바탕으로 힘-속도 관계곡선 및 예측된 발생 감쇠력을 산출하였으며, 산출된 결과와 개발된 MR Damper의 실험 결과를 상호 비교·평가하였다. 최종적으로 본 연구에서 개발한 MR Damper는 준능동 제어장치로 활용 가능함을 확인 하였고, 다양한 변위를 이용한 실험을 통하여 정상적인 진동제어를 위해서는 최소 2mm 이상의 변위가 확보되어야 한다는 결과를 얻었다. This research is aimed to evaluate characteristics and dynamic modeling of MR damper for semi-active vibration control. A MR damper of semi-active type was designed and made for the purpose of controlling the vibration of a real-size model structure. Usually a semi-active control system equipped with a MR damper requires a dynamic model which expresses numerical data about the damping capacity and dynamic characteristics generated by a MR damper. To fulfil the requirement, a Power model and a Bingham model were particularly employed among many dynamic models of MR damper. Those models being contrasted with other ones, a dynamic test was carried out on the developed MR damper. In the test, excitation frequencies were conditioned to be 0.15 Hz, 1.0 Hz, and 2.0 Hz, and three different currents were adopted for each frequency. From these test results, it was found that displacement affected control capacity of the MR damper. The test results led to the identification of model variables for each dynamic model, on the basis of which a force-speed relation curve and expected damping force were derived and contrasted to those of the developed MR damper. Therefore, it was proven that the MR damper designed and made in this research was effective as a semi-active controller, and also that displacement of 2mm at minimum was found to be secured for vibration control, through the test using various displacements.

Multi-mode cable vibration control using MR damper based on nonlinear modeling

H.W. Huang,T.T. Liu,L.M. Sun 국제구조공학회 2019 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.23 No.6

One of the most effective countermeasures for mitigating cable vibration is to install mechanical dampers near the anchorage of the cable. Most of the dampers used in the field are so-called passive dampers where their parameters cannot be changed once designed. The parameters of passive dampers are usually determined based on the optimal damper force obtained from the universal design curve for linear dampers, which will provide a maximum additional damping for the cable. As the optimal damper force is chosen based on a predetermined principal vibration mode, passive dampers will be most effective if cable undergoes single-mode vibration where the vibration mode is the same as the principal mode used in the design. However, in the actual engineering practice, multi-mode vibrations are often observed for cables. Therefore, it is desirable to have dampers that can suppress different modes of cable vibrations simultaneously. In this paper, MR dampers are proposed for controlling multi-mode cable vibrations, because of its ability to change parameters and its adaptability of active control without inquiring large power resources. Although the highly nonlinear feature of the MR material leads to a relatively complex representation of its mathematical model, effective control strategies can still be derived for suppressing multi-mode cable vibrations based on nonlinear modelling, as proposed in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear Bouc-wen model is employed to accurately portray the salient characteristics of the MR damper. Then, the desired optimal damper force is determined from the universal design curve of friction dampers. Finally, the input voltage (current) of MR damper corresponding to the desired optimal damper force is calculated from the nonlinear Bouc-wen model of the damper using a piecewise linear interpolation scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm for mitigating multi-mode cable vibrations induced by different external excitations.

Cable vibration control with internal and external dampers: Theoretical analysis and field test validation

Fangdian Di,Limin Sun,Lin Chen 국제구조공학회 2020 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.26 No.5

For vibration control of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges, viscous dampers are frequently used, and they are regularly installed between the cable and the bridge deck. In practice, neoprene rubber bushings (or of other types) are also widely installed inside the cable guide pipe, mainly for reducing the bending stresses of the cable near its anchorages. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of the bushings on the performance of the external damper. Besides, for long cables, external dampers installed at a single position near a cable end can no longer provide enough damping due to the sag effect and the limited installation distance. It is thus of interest to improve cable damping by additionally installing dampers inside the guide pipe. This paper hence studies the combined effects of an external damper and an internal damper (which can also model the bushings) on a stay cable. The internal damper is assumed to be a High Damping Rubber (HDR) damper, and the external damper is considered to be a viscous damper with intrinsic stiffness, and the cable sag is also considered. Both the cases when the two dampers are installed close to one cable end and respectively close to the two cable ends are studied. Asymptotic design formulas are derived for both cases considering that the dampers are close to the cable ends. It is shown that when the two dampers are placed close to different cable ends, their combined damping effects are approximately the sum of their separate contributions, regardless of small cable sag and damper intrinsic stiffness. When the two dampers are installed close to the same end, maximum damping that can be achieved by the external damper is generally degraded, regardless of properties of the HDR damper. Field tests on an existing cable-stayed bridge have further validated the influence of the internal damper on the performance of the external damper. The results suggest that the HDR is optimally placed in the guide pipe of the cable-pylon anchorage when installing viscous dampers at one position is insufficient. When an HDR damper or the bushing has to be installed near the external damper, their combined damping effects need to be evaluated using the presented methods.

Two-level control system of toggle braces having pipe damper and rotational friction damper

Ata Abdollahpour,Seyed Mehdi Zahrai 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.86 No.6

This study examines the two-level behavior of the toggle brace damper within a steel frame having a yielding pipe damper and rotational friction damper. The proposed system has two kinds of fuse for energy dissipation in two stages. In this mechanism, rotational friction damper rather than hinged connection is used in toggle brace system, connected to a pipe damper with a limited gap. In order to create a gap, bolted connection with the slotted hole is used, such that first a specific movement of the rotational friction damper solely is engaged but with an increase in movement, the yielding damper is also involved. The performance of the system is such that at the beginning of loading the rotational friction damper, as the first fuse, absorbs energy and with increasing the input load and further movement of the frame, yielding damper as the second fuse, along with rotational friction damper would dissipate the input energy. The models created by ABAQUS are subjected to cyclic and seismic loading. Considering the results obtained, the flexibility of the hybrid two-level system is more comparable to the conventional toggle brace damper. Moreover, this system sustains longer lateral displacements. The energy dissipation of these two systems is modeled in multi-story frames in SAP2000 software and their performance is analyzed using time-history analysis. According to the results, permanent relocations of the roof in the two-level system, in comparison with toggle brace damper system in 2, 5, and 8-story building frames, in average, decrease by 15, 55, and 37% respectively. This amount in a 5-story building frame under the earthquakes with one-third scale decreases by 64%.