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인공 지능 시대의 정보 윤리학: 플로리디의 '새로운' 윤리학
목광수 한국과학철학회 2017 과학철학 Vol.20 No.3
Luciano Floridi shows that established theories of ethics, such as utilitarianism and deontology, cannot respond to new issues such as artificial evil, which happens in an era of artificial intelligence, and proposes that his ethics of information can do effectively. Floridi argues that his ethics of information is effective to find out new issues through the method of (levels of) abstraction and proposes ethical principles, in which metaphysical entropy should be prevented or removed and information entities should be flourished. Florid's ethics of information is a patient-oriented, ontocentirc macroethics, which is differentiated from established theories of ethics. The purpose of this discussion paper is to examine critically whether Floridi's ethics of information is morally justifiable. I doubt that Floridi's theory of ethics is morally justifiable in that his theory is not only vulnerable to the critique of moral relativism, but also is hard to escape from the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. In order to respond to these critiques, I recommend that Floridi's theory of information should include a concept of morality which can effectively support his theory from a normative perspective, that his theory should argue which level of abstraction is appropriate to his theory of ethics, and that his theory should try to explicate how his theory can relate to established theories of ethics. I argue that if Flordi's theory of ethics is supplemented through these recommendations, it could be an appropriate ethics of information in an era of artificial intelligence. 플로리디는 인공지능 시대의 정보 사회에서 나타나는 인공적 해악과 같은 새로운 윤리적 문제들이 기존의 윤리학을 통해 적절하게 대응될 수 없다는 것을 보이고, 이에 대한 대안으로 자신의 정보 철학에 토대를 둔 정보 윤리학을 제시한다. 플로리디의 정보 윤리학은 기존의 철학과 윤리학에서 포착되기 어려운 윤리적 문제와 존재들을 추상화 방법론을 통해 효과적으로 포착할 뿐만 아니라, 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해 형이상학적 엔트로피를 줄이고 정보 환경과 정보 유기체의 번영을 도모해야 한다는 정보 윤리의 원칙을 제시한다. 이러한 플로리디의 정보 윤리학은 기존의 윤리학과 차별되는 피동자와 존재 중심적인 거시 윤리학이다. 본 토론 논문의 목적은 이렇게 제시된 플로리디의 윤리학이 이 시대에 적합한 정보 윤리학인지를 비판적으로 검토하고자 한다. 특히 플로리디의 정보 윤리학이 인공지능 시대의 ‘새로운’ 윤리학이 될 수 있을지를 검토하고, 이러한 목표를 위해 보완할 점을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문은 플로리디의 정보 윤리학이 제시하는 인식론적 방법과 논의가 사실과 가치를 구분하지 못해 야기되는 자연주의적 오류로 인해 도덕적 차원에서는 정당화될 수 있을지 의심스러울 뿐만 아니라, 상대주의적 비판에도 취약하다고 분석한다. 본 논문은, 이러한 한계를 보완하기 위해 플로리디의 정보 윤리학은 이론의 토대가 되는 도덕성 또는 규범성 개념에 대한 설명을 보충해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 정보 윤리학이 작동하는 추상화 층위를 도덕적으로 정당화할 필요가 있으며, 정보 윤리학이 기존 윤리학을 대체하거나 포괄하기보다는 기존 윤리학과의 협력적 관계 설정을 통해 체계화할 필요가 있다고 주장한다.
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정보유기체로서의 인간과 데이터교로의 우회: <트랜센던스>와 『마키나』를 중심으로
이난희 한국현대영미드라마학회 2024 현대영미드라마 Vol.37 No.2
The amount and variety of data generated by IoT devices and digital systems has led to a paradigm shift, where data is often considered a new form of wealth similar to religious beliefs. In particular, the concept of ‘Dataism’ is not a widely recognized or established term, but it can be used metaphorically to describe the profound impact of big data and the IoT on our society and the way data is transmitted. This paper aims to understand Dataism as a new religion from a sociocultural perspective and to understand humans as information organisms from an algorithmic perspective. To pursue this goal, the concept of “organisms are algorithms” and “the Data religion”, or ‘Dataism’ proposed by Yuval Harari in Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (2015), will be utilized. First, this paper explores the evolution of Dataism, and then briefly reconstructs the conceptual framework necessary to understand ‘humans as information organisms’ and Dataism as social phenomena. Finally, through an analysis of the 2014 film Transcendence directed by Wally Pfister and the play Machina by Australian playwright Richard Jordan, released in the same year, this paper aims to make predictions about ‘Dataism’ and highlight the tendency to perceive ‘Dataism’ as a problematic threat to humanity.
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라이브 스트리밍 커머스 및 인플루언서 특성이 사용자 플로우와 만족을 통해 재구매의도에 미치는 영향: 자극-유기체-반응 모델 관점에서
hefan,이영찬 한국아시아학회 2022 아시아연구 Vol.25 No.3
The ultimate purpose of live streaming commerce, which has recently attracted attention as a new e-commerce platform, is to induce viewers to make continuous purchases. In this study, the process of live streaming commerce and influencer characteristics (stimulus) leading to repurchase intention (response) through parameters (organic) was empirically investigated by applying a stimulus-organic-reaction (S-O-R) model widely used in psychology, centering on the Chinese live streaming commerce platform. Specifically, the live streaming commerce characteristics were defined as interactivity, entertainment, informational, and economics, while the influencer characteristics were defined as reliability, expertise, and attractiveness. Flow and satisfaction were set as parameters, and repurchase intention was set as dependent variables. As a result of conducting an empirical analysis on 410 Chinese viewers, it was found that all characteristic variables except for information characteristic of live streaming commerce and reliability characteristic of influencer had a significant effect on repurchase intention through flow and satisfaction. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information to live streaming commerce practitioners about which platform characteristics and influencer characteristics should be focused and improved to increase viewers' flow and satisfaction, thereby increasing repurchase intention.
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스마트폰 관광정보 특성이 지각된 가치와 사용의도에 미치는 영향
김조영,이충기 한국호텔관광학회 2013 호텔관광연구 Vol.15 No.1
Recently, information communication technology has changed lifestyle and behavior of tourist enormously. Currently, every smartphone user can get access to the right information they need almost anytime, anywhere. Previous studies such as the Technology Acceptance Model have limitations because they do not take into consideration the dual role of the smartphone user – an adopter of new technology as well as a consumer of advanced tourism information, and related factors accompanied by the ever-changing new technologies. The purpose of this paper is to understand how a potential tourist perceives the value of smartphone tourism information and how this value influences his or her intention to use. We examined the structural relationships among characteristics of smartphone tourism information, perceived value, and consumers' intention to use by using structural equation modeling. The results of SEM analysis indicated that there were significant effect of characteristics of smartphone tourism information on perceived value and intention to use. The theoretical and practical implications of the suggested model are presented in conclusion.
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